[AC21.4] Copy FAQ from 21.5

APPROVE COMMIT 21.4 This change has been committed to 21.4, based on Malcolm's, Ben's and Stephen's recommendations. 2005-12-06 Vin Shelton <acs(a)xemacs.org&gt; * xemacs-faq.texi: copied from 21.5. 21.4 source patch: Diff command: cvs -q diff -u Files affected: man/xemacs-faq.texi Index: man/xemacs-faq.texi =================================================================== RCS file: /pack/xemacscvs/XEmacs/xemacs/man/xemacs-faq.texi,v retrieving revision 1.39.2.14 diff -a -u -u -r1.39.2.14 xemacs-faq.texi --- man/xemacs-faq.texi 2004/07/07 02:25:51 1.39.2.14 +++ man/xemacs-faq.texi 2005/12/07 01:55:12 ＠＠ -7,10 +7,10 ＠＠ ＠finalout ＠titlepage ＠title XEmacs FAQ -＠subtitle Frequently asked questions about XEmacs ＠* Last Modified: $Date: 2003/10/09 19:16:02 $ +＠subtitle Frequently asked questions about XEmacs ＠* Last Modified: $Date: 2005/10/14 02:11:49 $ ＠sp 1 -＠author Tony Rossini <rossini＠(a)u.washington.edu&gt; ＠author Ben Wing <ben＠(a)xemacs.org&gt; +＠author Tony Rossini <rossini＠(a)u.washington.edu&gt; ＠author Chuck Thompson <cthomp＠(a)xemacs.org&gt; ＠author Steve Baur <steve＠(a)xemacs.org&gt; ＠author Andreas Kaempf <andreas＠(a)sccon.com&gt; ＠＠ -26,6 +26,108 ＠＠ ＠end direntry ＠end ifinfo +＠ignore + ***************************************** + ***** To update the menus and nodes ***** + ***************************************** + +First, the first argument to ＠node (the name itself) needs to be correct. +Use a macro if necessary to update the ＠node names from the +＠unnumberedsubsec commands. Also note that the command we're about to +run will not correctly fix up the part of the menu to the right of a ::. +It will leave existing text in place but not change anything. If you +make a lot of changes and want to update this semi-automatically, use +M-x occur to pick out all ＠unnumberedsubsec lines then do some editing +magic to coerce them into the right format and cut and paste as necessary: + +1. M-x occur ＠unnumberedsubsec +2. <select a rectangle including all text before the Q#.#.#> +3. C-x r t *<space> +4. go to the top and use the following macro to get the indentation right. + +(setq last-kbd-macro (read-kbd-macro +"C-s: RET : <right> M-x indent- to- column RET 14 RET <home> <down>")) + +5. Cut and paste the menus into the detailmenu at the top and + individual menus at the top of the appropriate chapters. (#### I + wonder, does texinfo-master-menu generate the detailmenu from the + individual menus or vice-versa or neither?) + +Then, + +6. C-u C-c C-u m (C-u M-x texinfo-master-menu) will update the menus + and nodes. However, it appears that even though it tries to + preserve the existing menu structure as much as possible, it + doesn't do a perfect job. It messes up in at least two ways: The + indentation in the part of the main menu above the detailmenu will + be screwed up, and the #.0 titles will be removed from both the + detailmenu and the individual chapter menus. In addition, + sometimes random things get screwed up in individual parts of the + menus. Therefore: + + 1. Use the Lisp line below to get the spacing correct for the Q#.#.# + menu entries. + +(set (make-local-variable 'texinfo-column-for-description) 14) + + 2. Copy the whole detailmenu beforehand. + 3. Run C-u C-c C-u m to fix up the nodes. + 4. Run `fix-main-menu' and `fix-omitted-menu-lines'. + 5. Check the new detailmenu carefully to see if anything is screwed up + compared to the old detailmenu you copied. + 6. If so, paste back the appropriate sections and fix up the corresponding + part of the chapter-specific menu. + +(defun fix-main-menu () + (interactive) + (save-restriction + (let (p q) + (goto-char (point-min)) + (re-search-forward "^＠menu") + (setq p (match-beginning 0)) + (re-search-forward "^$") + (setq q (match-end 0)) + (narrow-to-region p q) + (goto-char p) + (while (search-forward ":: " nil t) + (indent-to-column 26))))) + +(defun fix-omitted-menu-lines () + (interactive) + (save-excursion + (loop for x from 1 to 10 do + (goto-char (point-min)) + (re-search-forward (format "＠unnumberedsec \\(%d.0: .*\\)" x)) + (let ((line (match-string 1))) + (re-search-backward "^＠menu") + (forward-line 1) + (unless (looking-at "[0-9]+.0:") + (insert line) + (insert "\n")) + (goto-char (point-min)) + (re-search-forward "^＠menu") + (search-forward (format "Q%d.0.1:" x)) + (forward-line -1) + (unless (looking-at "[0-9]+.0:") + (insert "\n") + (insert line)))))) + + ***************************************** + ***** Other work ***** + ***************************************** + +When you've rearranged and renumbered a bunch of nodes, you can get +the numbers agreeing again. The macro below assumes that the +unnumberedsubsec number is correct, and fixes up the node to agree. +Only the first part of the node is fixed and the other parts may still +be wrong; but they will be fixed as part of +＠code{texinfo-master-menu}. + +(setq last-kbd-macro (read-kbd-macro +"<f1> unnumberedsubsec SPC RET C-s : RET <left> C-x C-x <f3> <home> <up> <C-right> <right> C-s , RET <left> C-x C-x <f4> <home> 2*<down>")) +＠end ignore + + ＠node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir) ＠top XEmacs FAQ ＠＠ -77,360 +179,390 ＠＠ ＠c end ifset points to CANONICAL ＠menu -* Introduction:: Introduction, Policy, Credits. -* Installation:: Installation and Trouble Shooting. -* Customization:: Customization and Options. -* Subsystems:: Major Subsystems. -* Miscellaneous:: The Miscellaneous Stuff. -* MS Windows:: XEmacs on Microsoft Windows. -* Current Events:: What the Future Holds. -* Legacy Versions:: New information about old XEmacsen. +* Introduction:: Introduction, Policy, Credits. +* Installation:: Installation and Troubleshooting. +* Editing:: Editing Functions. +* Display:: Display Functions. +* External Subsystems:: Interfacing with the OS and External Devices. +* Internet:: Connecting to the Internet. +* Advanced:: Advanced Customization Using XEmacs Lisp. +* Other Packages:: Other External Packages. +* Current Events:: What the Future Holds. +* Legacy Versions:: New information about old XEmacsen. ＠detailmenu - --- The Detailed Node Listing --- - -Introduction, Policy, Credits - -* Q1.0.1:: What is XEmacs? -* Q1.0.2:: What is the current version of XEmacs? -* Q1.0.3:: Where can I find it? -* Q1.0.4:: Why Another Version of Emacs? -* Q1.0.5:: Why Haven't XEmacs and GNU Emacs Merged? -* Q1.0.6:: Where can I get help? -* Q1.0.7:: Where are the mailing lists archived? -* Q1.0.8:: How do you pronounce XEmacs? -* Q1.0.9:: What does XEmacs look like? -* Q1.0.10:: Is there a port of XEmacs to Microsoft ('95 or NT)? -* Q1.0.11:: Is there a port of XEmacs to the Macintosh? -* Q1.0.12:: Is there a port of XEmacs to NextStep? -* Q1.0.13:: Is there a port of XEmacs to OS/2? -* Q1.0.14:: Where can I get a printed copy of the XEmacs users manual? - -Policies: -* Q1.1.1:: What is the FAQ editorial policy? -* Q1.1.2:: How do I become a Beta Tester? -* Q1.1.3:: How do I contribute to XEmacs itself? - -Credits: -* Q1.2.1:: Who wrote XEmacs? -* Q1.2.2:: Who contributed to this version of the FAQ? -* Q1.2.3:: Who contributed to the FAQ in the past? - -Internationalization: -* Q1.3.1:: What is the status of internationalization support aka MULE (including Asian language support? -* Q1.3.2:: How can I help with internationalization? -* Q1.3.3:: How do I type non-ASCII characters? -* Q1.3.4:: Can XEmacs messages come out in a different language? -* Q1.3.5:: Please explain the various input methods in MULE/XEmacs -* Q1.3.6:: How do I portably code for MULE/XEmacs? -* Q1.3.7:: How about Cyrillic Modes? -* Q1.3.8:: Does XEmacs support Unicode? -* Q1.3.9:: How does XEmacs display Unicode? - -Getting Started: -* Q1.4.1:: What is an ＠file{init.el} or ＠file{.emacs} and is there a sample one? -* Q1.4.2:: Can I use the same ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} with the other Emacs? -* Q1.4.3:: Any good XEmacs tutorials around? -* Q1.4.4:: May I see an example of a useful XEmacs Lisp function? -* Q1.4.5:: And how do I bind it to a key? -* Q1.4.6:: What's the difference between a macro and a function? - -Installation and Trouble Shooting - -* Q2.0.1:: Running XEmacs without installing. -* Q2.0.2:: XEmacs is too big. -* Q2.0.3:: Compiling XEmacs with Netaudio. -* Q2.0.4:: Problems with Linux and ncurses. -* Q2.0.5:: Do I need X11 to run XEmacs? -* Q2.0.6:: I'm having strange crashes. What do I do? -* Q2.0.7:: Libraries in non-standard locations. -* Q2.0.8:: can't resolve symbol _h_errno -* Q2.0.9:: Where do I find external libraries? -* Q2.0.10:: After I run configure I find a coredump, is something wrong? -* Q2.0.11:: XEmacs can't resolve host names. -* Q2.0.12:: Why can't I strip XEmacs? -* Q2.0.13:: I don't need no steenkin' packages. Do I? -* Q2.0.14:: How do I figure out which packages to install? -* Q2.0.15:: EFS fails with "500 AUTH not understood" (NEW) -* Q2.0.16:: Cygwin XEmacs won't start: cygXpm-noX4.dll was not found (NEW) - -Trouble Shooting: -* Q2.1.1:: XEmacs just crashed on me! -* Q2.1.2:: Cryptic Minibuffer messages. -* Q2.1.3:: Translation Table Syntax messages at Startup. -* Q2.1.4:: Startup warnings about deducing proper fonts? -* Q2.1.5:: XEmacs cannot connect to my X Terminal. -* Q2.1.6:: XEmacs just locked up my Linux X server. -* Q2.1.7:: HP Alt key as Meta. -* Q2.1.8:: got (wrong-type-argument color-instance-p nil)! -* Q2.1.9:: XEmacs causes my OpenWindows 3.0 server to crash. -* Q2.1.10:: Warnings from incorrect key modifiers. -* Q2.1.11:: Can't instantiate image error... in toolbar -* Q2.1.12:: Regular Expression Problems on DEC OSF1. -* Q2.1.13:: HP/UX 10.10 and ＠code{create_process} failure -* Q2.1.14:: ＠kbd{C-g} doesn't work for me. Is it broken? -* Q2.1.15:: How to debug an XEmacs problem with a debugger. -* Q2.1.16:: XEmacs crashes in ＠code{strcat} on HP/UX 10. -* Q2.1.17:: ＠samp{Marker does not point anywhere}. -* Q2.1.18:: XEmacs is outputting lots of X errors. -* Q2.1.19:: XEmacs does not follow the local timezone. -* Q2.1.20:: ＠samp{Symbol's function definition is void: hkey-help-show.} -* Q2.1.21:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q2.1.22:: XEmacs seems to take a really long time to do some things. -* Q2.1.23:: Movemail on Linux does not work for XEmacs 19.15 and later. -* Q2.1.24:: XEmacs won't start without network. -* Q2.1.25:: After upgrading, XEmacs won't do `foo' any more! - -Customization and Options - -* Q3.0.1:: What version of Emacs am I running? -* Q3.0.2:: How do I evaluate Elisp expressions? -* Q3.0.3:: ＠code{(setq tab-width 6)} behaves oddly. -* Q3.0.4:: How can I add directories to the ＠code{load-path}? -* Q3.0.5:: How to check if a lisp function is defined? -* Q3.0.6:: Can I force the output of ＠code{(face-list)} to a buffer? -* Q3.0.7:: Font selections don't get saved after ＠code{Save Options}. -* Q3.0.8:: How do I make a single minibuffer frame? -* Q3.0.9:: What is ＠code{Customize}? - -X Window System & Resources: -* Q3.1.1:: Where is a list of X resources? -* Q3.1.2:: How can I detect a color display? -* Q3.1.3:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q3.1.4:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q3.1.5:: How can I get the icon to just say ＠samp{XEmacs}? -* Q3.1.6:: How can I have the window title area display the full path? -* Q3.1.7:: ＠samp{xemacs -name junk} doesn't work? -* Q3.1.8:: ＠samp{-iconic} doesn't work. - -Textual Fonts & Colors: -* Q3.2.1:: How can I set color options from ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}? -* Q3.2.2:: How do I set the text, menu and modeline fonts? -* Q3.2.3:: How can I set the colors when highlighting a region? -* Q3.2.4:: How can I limit color map usage? -* Q3.2.5:: My tty supports color, but XEmacs doesn't use them. -* Q3.2.6:: Can I have pixmap backgrounds in XEmacs? - -The Modeline: -* Q3.3.1:: How can I make the modeline go away? -* Q3.3.2:: How do you have XEmacs display the line number in the modeline? -* Q3.3.3:: How do I get XEmacs to put the time of day on the modeline? -* Q3.3.4:: How do I turn off current chapter from AUC TeX modeline? -* Q3.3.5:: How can one change the modeline color based on the mode used? - -Multiple Device Support: -* Q3.4.1:: How do I open a frame on another screen of my multi-headed display? -* Q3.4.2:: Can I really connect to a running XEmacs after calling up over a modem? How? - -The Keyboard: -* Q3.5.1:: How can I bind complex functions (or macros) to keys? -* Q3.5.2:: How can I stop down-arrow from adding empty lines to the bottom of my buffers? -* Q3.5.3:: How do I bind C-. and C-; to scroll one line up and down? -* Q3.5.4:: Globally binding ＠kbd{Delete}? -* Q3.5.5:: Scrolling one line at a time. -* Q3.5.6:: How to map ＠kbd{Help} key alone on Sun type4 keyboard? -* Q3.5.7:: How can you type in special characters in XEmacs? -* Q3.5.8:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q3.5.9:: How do I make the Delete key delete forward? -* Q3.5.10:: Can I turn on ＠dfn{sticky} modifier keys? -* Q3.5.11:: How do I map the arrow keys? - -The Cursor: -* Q3.6.1:: Is there a way to make the bar cursor thicker? -* Q3.6.2:: Is there a way to get back the old block cursor where the cursor covers the character in front of the point? -* Q3.6.3:: Can I make the cursor blink? - -The Mouse and Highlighting: -* Q3.7.1:: How can I turn off Mouse pasting? -* Q3.7.2:: How do I set control/meta/etc modifiers on mouse buttons? -* Q3.7.3:: Clicking the left button does not do anything in buffer list. -* Q3.7.4:: How can I get a list of buffers when I hit mouse button 3? -* Q3.7.5:: Why does cut-and-paste not work between XEmacs and a cmdtool? -* Q3.7.6:: How I can set XEmacs up so that it pastes where the text cursor is? -* Q3.7.7:: How do I select a rectangular region? -* Q3.7.8:: Why does ＠kbd{M-w} take so long? - -The Menubar and Toolbar: -* Q3.8.1:: How do I get rid of the menu (or menubar)? -* Q3.8.2:: Can I customize the basic menubar? -* Q3.8.3:: How do I control how many buffers are listed in the menu ＠code{Buffers} list? -* Q3.8.4:: Resources like ＠code{Emacs*menubar*font} are not working? -* Q3.8.5:: How can I bind a key to a function to toggle the toolbar? - -Scrollbars: -* Q3.9.1:: How can I disable the scrollbar? -* Q3.9.2:: How can one use resources to change scrollbar colors? -* Q3.9.3:: Moving the scrollbar can move the point; can I disable this? -* Q3.9.4:: How can I turn off automatic horizontal scrolling in specific modes? - -Text Selections: -* Q3.10.1:: How can I turn off or change highlighted selections? -* Q3.10.2:: How do I get that typing on an active region removes it? -* Q3.10.3:: Can I turn off the highlight during isearch? -* Q3.10.4:: How do I turn off highlighting after ＠kbd{C-x C-p} (mark-page)? -* Q3.10.5:: The region disappears when I hit the end of buffer while scrolling. -* Q3.10.6:: Why is killing so slow? - -Major Subsystems - -* Q4.0.1:: How do I set up VM to retrieve remote mail using POP? -* Q4.0.2:: How do I get VM to filter mail for me? -* Q4.0.3:: How can I get VM to automatically check for new mail? -* Q4.0.4:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q4.0.5:: How do I get my outgoing mail archived? -* Q4.0.6:: I have various addresses at which I receive mail. How can I tell VM to ignore them when doing a "reply-all"? -* Q4.0.7:: Is there a mailing list or FAQ for VM? -* Q4.0.8:: Remote mail reading with VM. -* Q4.0.9:: rmail or VM gets an error incorporating new mail. -* Q4.0.10:: How do I make VM stay in a single frame? -* Q4.0.11:: How do I make VM or mh-e display graphical smilies? -* Q4.0.12:: Customization of VM not covered in the manual or here. - -Web browsing with W3: -* Q4.1.1:: What is W3? -* Q4.1.2:: How do I run W3 from behind a firewall? -* Q4.1.3:: Is it true that W3 supports style sheets and tables? - -Reading Netnews and Mail with Gnus: -* Q4.2.1:: GNUS, (ding) Gnus, Gnus 5, September Gnus, Red Gnus, Quassia Gnus, argh! -* Q4.2.2:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q4.2.3:: How do I make Gnus stay within a single frame? -* Q4.2.4:: How do I customize the From: line? - -Other Mail & News: -* Q4.3.1:: How can I read and/or compose MIME messages? -* Q4.3.2:: What is TM and where do I get it? -* Q4.3.3:: Why isn't this ＠code{movemail} program working? -* Q4.3.4:: Movemail is also distributed by Netscape? Can that cause problems? -* Q4.3.5:: Where do I find pstogif (required by tm)? - -Sparcworks, EOS, and WorkShop: -* Q4.4.1:: What is SPARCworks, EOS, and WorkShop -* Q4.4.2:: How do I start the Sun Workshop support in XEmacs 21? - -Energize: -* Q4.5.1:: What is/was Energize? - -Infodock: -* Q4.6.1:: What is Infodock? - -Other Unbundled Packages: -* Q4.7.1:: What is AUC TeX? Where do you get it? -* Q4.7.2:: Are there any Emacs Lisp Spreadsheets? -* Q4.7.3:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q4.7.4:: Problems installing AUC TeX -* Q4.7.5:: Is there a reason for an Emacs package not to be included in XEmacs? -* Q4.7.6:: Is there a MatLab mode? -* Q4.7.7:: Can I edit files on other hosts? - -The Miscellaneous Stuff - -* Q5.0.1:: How can I do source code highlighting using font-lock? -* Q5.0.2:: I do not like cc-mode. How do I use the old c-mode? -* Q5.0.3:: How do I get ＠samp{More} Syntax Highlighting on by default? -* Q5.0.4:: How can I enable auto-indent and/or Filladapt? -* Q5.0.5:: How can I get XEmacs to come up in text/auto-fill mode by default? -* Q5.0.6:: How do I start up a second shell buffer? -* Q5.0.7:: Telnet from shell filters too much. -* Q5.0.8:: Why does edt emulation not work? -* Q5.0.9:: How can I emulate VI and use it as my default mode? -* Q5.0.10:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q5.0.11:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q5.0.12:: How do I disable gnuserv from opening a new frame? -* Q5.0.13:: How do I start gnuserv so that each subsequent XEmacs is a client? -* Q5.0.14:: Strange things are happening in Shell Mode. -* Q5.0.15:: Where do I get the latest CC Mode? -* Q5.0.16:: I find auto-show-mode disconcerting. How do I turn it off? -* Q5.0.17:: How can I get two instances of info? -* Q5.0.18:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q5.0.19:: Is there something better than LaTeX mode? -* Q5.0.20:: Is there a way to start a new XEmacs if there's no gnuserv running, and otherwise use gnuclient? - -Emacs Lisp Programming Techniques: -* Q5.1.1:: The difference in key sequences between XEmacs and GNU Emacs? -* Q5.1.2:: Can I generate "fake" keyboard events? -* Q5.1.3:: Could you explain ＠code{read-kbd-macro} in more detail? -* Q5.1.4:: What is the performance hit of ＠code{let}? -* Q5.1.5:: What is the recommended use of ＠code{setq}? -* Q5.1.6:: What is the typical misuse of ＠code{setq} ? -* Q5.1.7:: I like the ＠code{do} form of cl, does it slow things down? -* Q5.1.8:: I like recursion, does it slow things down? -* Q5.1.9:: How do I put a glyph as annotation in a buffer? -* Q5.1.10:: ＠code{map-extents} won't traverse all of my extents! -* Q5.1.11:: My elisp program is horribly slow. Is there an easy way to find out where it spends time? - -Sound: -* Q5.2.1:: How do I turn off the sound? -* Q5.2.2:: How do I get funky sounds instead of a boring beep? -* Q5.2.3:: What's NAS, how do I get it? -* Q5.2.4:: Sunsite sounds don't play. - -Miscellaneous: -* Q5.3.1:: How do you make XEmacs indent CL if-clauses correctly? -* Q5.3.2:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q5.3.3:: How can I print WYSIWYG a font-locked buffer? -* Q5.3.4:: Getting ＠kbd{M-x lpr} to work with postscript printer. -* Q5.3.5:: How do I specify the paths that XEmacs uses for finding files? -* Q5.3.6:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q5.3.7:: Can I have the end of the buffer delimited in some way? -* Q5.3.8:: How do I insert today's date into a buffer? -* Q5.3.9:: Are only certain syntactic character classes available for abbrevs? -* Q5.3.10:: How can I get those oh-so-neat X-Face lines? -* Q5.3.11:: How do I add new Info directories? -* Q5.3.12:: What do I need to change to make printing work? - -XEmacs on MS Windows - -General Info: -* Q6.0.1:: What is the status of the XEmacs port to Windows? -* Q6.0.2:: What flavors of MS Windows are supported? The list name implies NT only. -* Q6.0.3:: Are binaries available? -* Q6.0.4:: Can I build XEmacs on MS Windows with X support? Do I need to? -* Q6.0.5:: I'd like to help out. What do I do? -* Q6.0.6:: What are Cygwin and MinGW, and do I need them to run XEmacs? -* Q6.0.7:: What exactly are all the different ways to build XEmacs under Windows? - -Building XEmacs on MS Windows: -* Q6.1.1:: What compiler/libraries do I need to compile XEmacs? -* Q6.1.2:: How do I compile the native port? -* Q6.1.3:: What do I need for Cygwin? -* Q6.1.4:: How do I compile under Cygwin? -* Q6.1.5:: How do I compile using MinGW (aka ＠samp{the -mno-cygwin flag to gcc})? -* Q6.1.6:: I decided to run with X. Where do I get an X server? -* Q6.1.7:: How do I compile with X support? - -Customization and User Interface: -* Q6.2.1:: How does the port cope with differences in the Windows user interface? -* Q6.2.2:: How do I change fonts in XEmacs on MS Windows? -* Q6.2.3:: Where do I put my ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} file? -* Q6.2.4:: How do I get Windows Explorer to associate a file type with XEmacs? -* Q6.2.5:: Is it possible to print from XEmacs? - -Miscellaneous: -* Q6.3.1:: Does XEmacs rename all the ＠samp{win32-*} symbols to ＠samp{w32-*}? -* Q6.3.2:: What are the differences between the various MS Windows emacsen? -* Q6.3.3:: XEmacs 21.1 on Windows used to spawn an ugly console window on every startup. Has that been fixed? -* Q6.3.4:: What is the porting team doing at the moment? - -Troubleshooting: -* Q6.4.1:: XEmacs won't start on Windows. -* Q6.4.2:: Why do I get a blank toolbar on Windows 95? -* Q6.4.3:: XEmacs complains "No such file or directory, diff" - -What the Future Holds - -* Q7.0.1:: What new features will be in XEmacs soon? -* Q7.0.2:: What's new in XEmacs 21.4? -* Q7.0.3:: What's new in XEmacs 21.1? -* Q7.0.4:: What's new in XEmacs 20.4? -* Q7.0.5:: What's new in XEmacs 20.3? -* Q7.0.6:: What's new in XEmacs 20.2? -New information about old XEmacsen. +1 Introduction, Policy, Credits -XEmacs 21.1: -* Q8.0.1:: Gnus 5.10 won't display smileys in XEmacs 21.1. +1.0: What is XEmacs? +* Q1.0.1:: What is XEmacs? +* Q1.0.2:: What is the current version of XEmacs? +* Q1.0.3:: How do you pronounce XEmacs? +* Q1.0.4:: What does XEmacs look like? +* Q1.0.5:: Who wrote XEmacs? +* Q1.0.6:: Who wrote the FAQ? + +1.1: Getting XEmacs +* Q1.1.1:: Where can I find XEmacs? +* Q1.1.2:: Are binaries available? +* Q1.1.3:: How do I get the bleeding-edge sources? +* Q1.1.4:: Where can I obtain a printed copy of the XEmacs User's Manual? + +1.2: Versions for Different Operating Systems +* Q1.2.1:: Do I need X11 to run XEmacs? +* Q1.2.2:: What versions of Unix does XEmacs run on? +* Q1.2.3:: Is there a port of XEmacs to Microsoft Windows? +* Q1.2.4:: Can I build XEmacs on MS Windows with X support? Do I need to? +* Q1.2.5:: What are Cygwin and MinGW, and do I need them to run XEmacs? +* Q1.2.6:: What are the differences between the various MS Windows emacsen? +* Q1.2.7:: How does the port cope with differences in the Windows user interface? +* Q1.2.8:: Is there a port of XEmacs to the Macintosh? +* Q1.2.9:: Is there a port of XEmacs to MS-DOS? +* Q1.2.10:: Is there a port of XEmacs to OS/2? +* Q1.2.11:: Is there a port of XEmacs to NextStep? +* Q1.2.12:: Is there a port of XEmacs to VMS? + +1.3: Getting Started +* Q1.3.1:: What is an ＠file{init.el} or ＠file{.emacs} and is there a sample one? +* Q1.3.2:: Where do I put my ＠file{init.el} file? +* Q1.3.3:: Can I use the same ＠file{init.el} with the other Emacs? +* Q1.3.4:: Any good XEmacs tutorials around? +* Q1.3.5:: May I see an example of a useful XEmacs Lisp function? +* Q1.3.6:: And how do I bind it to a key? +* Q1.3.7:: What's the difference between a macro and a function? +* Q1.3.8:: What is ＠code{Custom}? + +1.4: Getting Help +* Q1.4.1:: Where can I get help? +* Q1.4.2:: Which mailing lists are there? +* Q1.4.3:: Where are the mailing lists archived? +* Q1.4.4:: How can I get two instances of info? +* Q1.4.5:: How do I add new Info directories? + +1.5: Contributing to XEmacs +* Q1.5.1:: How do I submit changes to the FAQ? +* Q1.5.2:: How do I become a beta tester? +* Q1.5.3:: How do I contribute to XEmacs itself? +* Q1.5.4:: How do I get started developing XEmacs? +* Q1.5.5:: What's the basic layout of the code? + +1.6: Politics (XEmacs vs. GNU Emacs) +* Q1.6.1:: What is GNU Emacs? +* Q1.6.2:: How does XEmacs differ from GNU Emacs? +* Q1.6.3:: How much does XEmacs differ? +* Q1.6.4:: Is XEmacs "GNU"? +* Q1.6.5:: What is the correct way to refer to XEmacs and GNU Emacs? +* Q1.6.6:: Why haven't XEmacs and GNU Emacs merged? + +1.7: External Packages +* Q1.7.1:: What is the package system? +* Q1.7.2:: Which external packages are there? +* Q1.7.3:: Do I need to have the packages to run XEmacs? +* Q1.7.4:: Is there a way to find which package has particular functionality? + +1.8: Internationalization +* Q1.8.1:: What is the status of internationalization support aka MULE (including Asian language support)? +* Q1.8.2:: How can I help with internationalization? +* Q1.8.3:: How do I type non-ASCII characters? +* Q1.8.4:: Can XEmacs messages come out in a different language? +* Q1.8.5:: Please explain the various input methods in MULE/XEmacs +* Q1.8.6:: How do I portably code for MULE/XEmacs? +* Q1.8.7:: How about Cyrillic modes? +* Q1.8.8:: Does XEmacs support Unicode? +* Q1.8.9:: How does XEmacs display Unicode? + +2 Installation and Troubleshooting + +2.0: Installation (General) +* Q2.0.1:: How do I build and install XEmacs? +* Q2.0.2:: Where do I find external libraries? +* Q2.0.3:: How do I specify the paths that XEmacs uses for finding files? +* Q2.0.4:: Running XEmacs without installing +* Q2.0.5:: XEmacs is too big + +2.1: Package Installation +* Q2.1.1:: How do I install the packages? +* Q2.1.2:: Can I install the packages individually? +* Q2.1.3:: Can I install the packages automatically? +* Q2.1.4:: Can I upgrade or remove packages? +* Q2.1.5:: Which packages to install? +* Q2.1.6:: Can you describe the package location process in more detail? +* Q2.1.7:: EFS fails with "500 AUTH not understood" + +2.2: Unix/Mac OS X Installation (Also Relevant to Cygwin, MinGW) +* Q2.2.1:: Libraries in non-standard locations +* Q2.2.2:: Why can't I strip XEmacs? + +2.3: Windows Installation (Windows, Cygwin, MinGW) +* Q2.3.1:: What exactly are all the different ways to build XEmacs under Windows? +* Q2.3.2:: What compiler/libraries do I need to compile XEmacs? +* Q2.3.3:: How do I compile the native port? +* Q2.3.4:: What do I need for Cygwin? +* Q2.3.5:: How do I compile under Cygwin? +* Q2.3.6:: How do I compile using MinGW (aka ＠samp{the -mno-cygwin flag to gcc})? +* Q2.3.7:: How do I compile with X support? +* Q2.3.8:: Cygwin XEmacs won't start -- cygXpm-noX4.dll was not found (NEW) + +2.4: General Troubleshooting +* Q2.4.1:: How do I deal with bugs or with problems building, installing, or running? +* Q2.4.2:: Help! XEmacs just crashed on me! +* Q2.4.3:: XEmacs crashes and I compiled it myself. +* Q2.4.4:: How to debug an XEmacs problem with a debugger +* Q2.4.5:: I get a cryptic error message when trying to do something. +* Q2.4.6:: XEmacs hangs when I try to do something. +* Q2.4.7:: I get an error message when XEmacs is running in batch mode. +* Q2.4.8:: The keyboard or mouse is not working properly, or I have some other event-related problem. +* Q2.4.9:: ＠kbd{C-g} doesn't work for me. Is it broken? +* Q2.4.10:: How do I debug process-related problems? +* Q2.4.11:: XEmacs is outputting lots of X errors. +* Q2.4.12:: After upgrading, XEmacs won't do `foo' any more! + +2.5: Startup-Related Problems +* Q2.5.1:: XEmacs cannot connect to my X Terminal! +* Q2.5.2:: Startup problems related to paths or package locations. +* Q2.5.3:: XEmacs won't start without network. +* Q2.5.4:: Startup warnings about deducing proper fonts? +* Q2.5.5:: Warnings from incorrect key modifiers. +* Q2.5.6:: XEmacs 21.1 on Windows used to spawn an ugly console window on every startup. Has that been fixed? + +3 Editing Functions + +3.0: The Keyboard +* Q3.0.1:: How can I customize the keyboard? +* Q3.0.2:: How can I bind complex functions (or macros) to keys? +* Q3.0.3:: How do I bind C-. and C-; to scroll one line up and down? +* Q3.0.4:: Globally binding ＠kbd{Delete}? +* Q3.0.5:: How to map ＠kbd{Help} key alone on Sun type4 keyboard? +* Q3.0.6:: How can you type in special characters in XEmacs? +* Q3.0.7:: Can I turn on ＠dfn{sticky} modifier keys? +* Q3.0.8:: How do I map the arrow keys? +* Q3.0.9:: HP Alt key as Meta. +* Q3.0.10:: Why does edt emulation not work? +* Q3.0.11:: How can I emulate VI and use it as my default mode? + +3.1: The Mouse +* Q3.1.1:: How can I turn off Mouse pasting? +* Q3.1.2:: How do I set control/meta/etc modifiers on mouse buttons? +* Q3.1.3:: Clicking the left button does not do anything in buffer list. +* Q3.1.4:: How can I get a list of buffers when I hit mouse button 3? +* Q3.1.5:: How can I set XEmacs up so that it pastes where the text cursor is? + +3.2: Buffers, Text Editing +* Q3.2.1:: Can I have the end of the buffer delimited in some way? +* Q3.2.2:: How do I insert today's date into a buffer? +* Q3.2.3:: How do I get a single minibuffer frame? +* Q3.2.4:: How can I enable auto-indent and/or Filladapt? +* Q3.2.5:: How can I get XEmacs to come up in text/auto-fill mode by default? + +3.3: Text Selections +* Q3.3.1:: How do I select a rectangular region? +* Q3.3.2:: How can I turn off or change highlighted selections? +* Q3.3.3:: How do I cause typing on an active region to remove it? +* Q3.3.4:: Can I turn off the highlight during isearch? +* Q3.3.5:: Why is killing so slow? +* Q3.3.6:: Why does ＠kbd{M-w} take so long? + +3.4: Editing Source Code +* Q3.4.1:: I do not like cc-mode. How do I use the old c-mode? +* Q3.4.2:: How do you make XEmacs indent CL if-clauses correctly? + +4 Display Functions + +4.0: Textual Fonts and Colors +* Q4.0.1:: How do I specify a font? +* Q4.0.2:: How do I set the text, menu and modeline fonts? +* Q4.0.3:: How can I set color options from ＠file{init.el}? +* Q4.0.4:: How can I set the colors when highlighting a region? +* Q4.0.5:: How can I limit color map usage? +* Q4.0.6:: My tty supports color, but XEmacs doesn't use them. +* Q4.0.7:: Can I have pixmap backgrounds in XEmacs? +* Q4.0.8:: How do I display non-ASCII characters? +* Q4.0.9:: Font selections in don't get saved after ＠code{Save Options}. + +4.1: Syntax Highlighting (Font Lock) +* Q4.1.1:: How can I do source code highlighting using font-lock? +* Q4.1.2:: How do I get ＠samp{More} Syntax Highlighting on by default? + +4.2: The Modeline +* Q4.2.1:: How can I make the modeline go away? +* Q4.2.2:: How do you have XEmacs display the line number in the modeline? +* Q4.2.3:: How do I get XEmacs to put the time of day on the modeline? +* Q4.2.4:: How can I change the modeline color based on the mode used? + +4.3: The Cursor +* Q4.3.1:: Is there a way to make the bar cursor thicker? +* Q4.3.2:: Is there a way to get back the block cursor? +* Q4.3.3:: Can I make the cursor blink? + +4.4: The Menubar +* Q4.4.1:: How do I get rid of the menubar? +* Q4.4.2:: How can I customize the menubar? +* Q4.4.3:: How do I enable use of the keyboard (＠kbd{Alt}) to access menu items? +* Q4.4.4:: How do I control how many buffers are listed in the menu ＠code{Buffers List}? +* Q4.4.5:: Resources like ＠code{Emacs*menubar*font} are not working? + +4.5: The Toolbar +* Q4.5.1:: How do I get rid of the toolbar? +* Q4.5.2:: How can I customize the toolbar? +* Q4.5.3:: How can I bind a key to a function to toggle the toolbar? +* Q4.5.4:: ＠samp{Can't instantiate image error...} in toolbar + +4.6: Scrollbars and Scrolling +* Q4.6.1:: How can I disable the scrollbar? +* Q4.6.2:: How can I change the scrollbar width? +* Q4.6.3:: How can I use resources to change scrollbar colors? +* Q4.6.4:: Moving the scrollbar can move the point; can I disable this? +* Q4.6.5:: Scrolling one line at a time. +* Q4.6.6:: How can I turn off automatic horizontal scrolling in specific modes? +* Q4.6.7:: I find auto-show-mode disconcerting. How do I turn it off? + +4.7: The Gutter Tabs, The Progress Bar, Widgets +* Q4.7.1:: How can I disable the gutter tabs? +* Q4.7.2:: How can I disable the progress bar? +* Q4.7.3:: There are bugs in the gutter or widgets. +* Q4.7.4:: How can I customize the gutter or gutter tabs? + +5 Interfacing with the Operating System and External Devices + +5.0: X Window System and Resources +* Q5.0.1:: Where is a list of X resources? +* Q5.0.2:: How can I detect a color display? +* Q5.0.3:: How can I get the icon to just say ＠samp{XEmacs}? +* Q5.0.4:: How can I have the window title area display the full path? +* Q5.0.5:: ＠samp{xemacs -name junk} doesn't work? +* Q5.0.6:: ＠samp{-iconic} doesn't work. + +5.1: Microsoft Windows +* Q5.1.1:: Does XEmacs rename all the ＠samp{win32-*} symbols to ＠samp{w32-*}? +* Q5.1.2:: How do I get Windows Explorer to associate a file type with XEmacs? + +5.2: Printing +* Q5.2.1:: What do I need to change to make printing work? +* Q5.2.2:: How can I print WYSIWYG a font-locked buffer? +* Q5.2.3:: Getting ＠kbd{M-x lpr} to work with postscript printer. +* Q5.2.4:: Can you print under MS Windows? + +5.3: Sound +* Q5.3.1:: How do I turn off the sound? +* Q5.3.2:: How do I get funky sounds instead of a boring beep? +* Q5.3.3:: What are NAS and ESD (EsounD)? +* Q5.3.4:: Sunsite sounds don't play. + +5.4: Running an Interior Shell, Invoking Subprocesses +* Q5.4.1:: What is an interior shell? +* Q5.4.2:: How do I start up a second shell buffer? +* Q5.4.3:: Telnet from shell filters too much +* Q5.4.4:: Strange things are happening in Shell Mode. +* Q5.4.5:: XEmacs complains "No such file or directory, diff" +* Q5.4.6:: Cygwin error "fork_copy: linked dll/bss pass 0 failed" + +5.5: Multiple Device Support +* Q5.5.1:: How do I open a frame on another screen of my multi-headed display? +* Q5.5.2:: Can I really connect to a running XEmacs after calling up over a modem? How? +* Q5.5.3:: How do I disable gnuserv from opening a new frame? +* Q5.5.4:: How do I start gnuserv so that each subsequent XEmacs is a client? +* Q5.5.5:: Is there a way to start a new XEmacs if there's no gnuserv running, and otherwise use gnuclient? + +6 Connecting to the Internet + +6.0: General Mail and News +* Q6.0.1:: What are the various packages for reading mail? +* Q6.0.2:: How can I send mail? +* Q6.0.3:: How do I get my outgoing mail archived? +* Q6.0.4:: How can I read and/or compose MIME messages? +* Q6.0.5:: How do I customize the From line? +* Q6.0.6:: How do I get my MUA to filter mail for me? +* Q6.0.7:: Remote mail reading with an MUA. +* Q6.0.8:: An MUA gets an error incorporating new mail. +* Q6.0.9:: Why isn't ＠file{movemail} working? +* Q6.0.10:: How do I make my MUA display graphical smilies? +* Q6.0.11:: How can I get those oh-so-neat X-Face lines? + +6.1: Reading Mail with VM +* Q6.1.1:: How do I set up VM to retrieve mail from a remote site using POP? +* Q6.1.2:: How can I get VM to automatically check for new mail? +* Q6.1.3:: I have various addresses at which I receive mail. How can I tell VM to ignore them when doing a "reply-all"? +* Q6.1.4:: Is there a mailing list or FAQ for VM? +* Q6.1.5:: How do I make VM stay in a single frame? +* Q6.1.6:: Customization of VM not covered in the manual, or here. + +6.2: Reading Netnews and Mail with Gnus +* Q6.2.1:: GNUS, (ding) Gnus, Gnus 5, September Gnus, Red Gnus, Quassia Gnus, argh! +* Q6.2.2:: How do I make Gnus stay within a single frame? + +6.3: FTP Access +* Q6.3.1:: Can I edit files on other hosts? +* Q6.3.2:: What is EFS? + +6.4: Web Browsing with W3 +* Q6.4.1:: What is W3? +* Q6.4.2:: How do I run W3 from behind a firewall? +* Q6.4.3:: Is it true that W3 supports style sheets and tables? + +7 Advanced Customization Using XEmacs Lisp + +7.0: Emacs Lisp and ＠file{init.el} +* Q7.0.1:: What version of Emacs am I running? +* Q7.0.2:: How can I evaluate Emacs-Lisp expressions? +* Q7.0.3:: ＠code{(setq tab-width 6)} behaves oddly. +* Q7.0.4:: How can I add directories to the ＠code{load-path}? +* Q7.0.5:: How to check if a lisp function is defined? +* Q7.0.6:: Can I force the output of ＠code{(face-list)} to a buffer? + +7.1: Emacs Lisp Programming Techniques +* Q7.1.1:: What is the difference in key sequences between XEmacs and GNU Emacs? +* Q7.1.2:: Can I generate "fake" keyboard events? +* Q7.1.3:: Could you explain ＠code{read-kbd-macro} in more detail? +* Q7.1.4:: What is the performance hit of ＠code{let}? +* Q7.1.5:: What is the recommended use of ＠code{setq}? +* Q7.1.6:: What is the typical misuse of ＠code{setq}? +* Q7.1.7:: I like the ＠code{do} form of cl, does it slow things down? +* Q7.1.8:: I like recursion, does it slow things down? +* Q7.1.9:: How do I put a glyph as annotation in a buffer? +* Q7.1.10:: ＠code{map-extents} won't traverse all of my extents! +* Q7.1.11:: My elisp program is horribly slow. Is there an easy way to find out where it spends time? + +7.2: Mathematics +* Q7.2.1:: What are bignums, ratios, and bigfloats in Lisp? +* Q7.2.2:: XEmacs segfaults when I use very big numbers! +* Q7.2.3:: Bignums are really slow! +* Q7.2.4:: Equal bignums don't compare as equal! What gives? + +8 Other External Packages + +8.0: TeX +* Q8.0.1:: Is there something better than LaTeX mode? +* Q8.0.2:: What is AUCTeX? Where do you get it? +* Q8.0.3:: Problems installing AUCTeX. +* Q8.0.4:: How do I turn off current chapter from AUCTeX modeline? + +8.1: Other Unbundled Packages +* Q8.1.1:: Is there a reason for an Emacs package not to be included in XEmacs? +* Q8.1.2:: Are there any Emacs Lisp Spreadsheets? +* Q8.1.3:: Is there a MatLab mode? + +8.2: Environments Built Around XEmacs +* Q8.2.1:: What are SPARCworks, EOS, and WorkShop? +* Q8.2.2:: How do I start the Sun Workshop support in XEmacs 21? +* Q8.2.3:: What is/was Energize? +* Q8.2.4:: What is Infodock? + +9 What the Future Holds + +9.0: Changes +* Q9.0.1:: What new features will be in XEmacs soon? +* Q9.0.2:: What's new in XEmacs 21.4? +* Q9.0.3:: What's new in XEmacs 21.1? +* Q9.0.4:: What's new in XEmacs 20.4? +* Q9.0.5:: What's new in XEmacs 20.3? +* Q9.0.6:: What's new in XEmacs 20.2? + +10 New information about old XEmacsen + +10.0: XEmacs 21.1 +* Q10.0.1:: Gnus 5.10 won't display smileys in XEmacs 21.1. +* Q10.0.2:: XEmacs won't start on Windows in XEmacs 21.1. ＠end detailmenu ＠end menu ＠＠ -445,437 +577,386 ＠＠ wondering what to do next. It is also useful as a reference to available resources. -The previous maintainer of the FAQ was ＠email{rossini＠(a)biostat.washington.edu, -Anthony Rossini}, who started it, after getting tired of hearing JWZ -complain about repeatedly having to answer questions. -＠email{ben＠(a)xemacs.org, Ben Wing} and ＠email{cthomp＠(a)xemacs.org, Chuck -Thompson}, the principal authors of XEmacs, then took over and Ben did -a massive update reorganizing the whole thing. At which point Anthony -took back over, but then had to give it up again. Some of the other -contributors to this FAQ are listed later in this document. +The previous maintainer of the FAQ was +＠email{rossini＠(a)biostat.washington.edu, Anthony Rossini}, who started +it, after getting tired of hearing JWZ complain about repeatedly +having to answer questions. ＠email{ben＠(a)xemacs.org, Ben Wing} then +took over and did a massive update reorganizing the whole thing. At +this point Anthony took back over, but then had to give it up again. +Some of the other contributors to this FAQ are listed later in this +document. The previous version was converted to hypertext format, and edited by ＠email{steve＠(a)xemacs.org, Steven L. Baur}. It was converted back to texinfo by ＠email{hniksic＠(a)xemacs.org, Hrvoje Niksic}. The FAQ was then maintained by ＠email{andreas＠(a)sccon.com, Andreas Kaempf}, who passed it -on to ChristianNyb＠o{}. +on to ChristianNyb＠o{}, and then to ＠email{wambold＠(a)xemacs.org,Sandra Wambold}. +The current version of the FAQ has been heavily redone by +＠email{ben＠(a)xemacs.org, Ben Wing}. + If you notice any errors or items which should be added or amended to -this FAQ please send email to ＠email{faq＠(a)xemacs.org, Sandra -Wambold}. Include ＠samp{XEmacs FAQ} on the Subject: line. +this FAQ please send email to ＠email{xemacs-beta＠(a)xemacs.org}. +Include ＠samp{XEmacs FAQ} on the Subject: line. ＠menu -Introduction: -* Q1.0.1:: What is XEmacs? -* Q1.0.2:: What is the current version of XEmacs? -* Q1.0.3:: Where can I find it? -* Q1.0.4:: Why Another Version of Emacs? -* Q1.0.5:: Why Haven't XEmacs and GNU Emacs Merged? -* Q1.0.6:: Where can I get help? -* Q1.0.7:: Where are the mailing lists archived? -* Q1.0.8:: How do you pronounce XEmacs? -* Q1.0.9:: What does XEmacs look like? -* Q1.0.10:: Is there a port of XEmacs to Microsoft ('95 or NT)? -* Q1.0.11:: Is there a port of XEmacs to the Macintosh? -* Q1.0.12:: Is there a port of XEmacs to NextStep? -* Q1.0.13:: Is there a port of XEmacs to OS/2? -* Q1.0.14:: Where can I get a printed copy of the XEmacs users manual? - -Policies: -* Q1.1.1:: What is the FAQ editorial policy? -* Q1.1.2:: How do I become a Beta Tester? -* Q1.1.3:: How do I contribute to XEmacs itself? - -Credits: -* Q1.2.1:: Who wrote XEmacs? -* Q1.2.2:: Who contributed to this version of the FAQ? -* Q1.2.3:: Who contributed to the FAQ in the past? - -Internationalization: -* Q1.3.1:: What is the status of internationalization support aka MULE (including Asian language support? -* Q1.3.2:: How can I help with internationalization? -* Q1.3.3:: How do I type non-ASCII characters? -* Q1.3.4:: Can XEmacs messages come out in a different language? -* Q1.3.5:: Please explain the various input methods in MULE/XEmacs -* Q1.3.6:: How do I portably code for MULE/XEmacs? -* Q1.3.7:: How about Cyrillic Modes? -* Q1.3.8:: Does XEmacs support Unicode? -* Q1.3.9:: How does XEmacs display Unicode? - -Getting Started: -* Q1.4.1:: What is an ＠file{init.el} or ＠file{.emacs} and is there a sample one? -* Q1.4.2:: Can I use the same ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} with the other Emacs? -* Q1.4.3:: Any good XEmacs tutorials around? -* Q1.4.4:: May I see an example of a useful XEmacs Lisp function? -* Q1.4.5:: And how do I bind it to a key? -* Q1.4.6:: What's the difference between a macro and a function? +1.0: What is XEmacs? +* Q1.0.1:: What is XEmacs? +* Q1.0.2:: What is the current version of XEmacs? +* Q1.0.3:: How do you pronounce XEmacs? +* Q1.0.4:: What does XEmacs look like? +* Q1.0.5:: Who wrote XEmacs? +* Q1.0.6:: Who wrote the FAQ? + +1.1: Getting XEmacs +* Q1.1.1:: Where can I find XEmacs? +* Q1.1.2:: Are binaries available? +* Q1.1.3:: How do I get the bleeding-edge sources? +* Q1.1.4:: Where can I obtain a printed copy of the XEmacs User's Manual? + +1.2: Versions for Different Operating Systems +* Q1.2.1:: Do I need X11 to run XEmacs? +* Q1.2.2:: What versions of Unix does XEmacs run on? +* Q1.2.3:: Is there a port of XEmacs to Microsoft Windows? +* Q1.2.4:: Can I build XEmacs on MS Windows with X support? Do I need to? +* Q1.2.5:: What are Cygwin and MinGW, and do I need them to run XEmacs? +* Q1.2.6:: What are the differences between the various MS Windows emacsen? +* Q1.2.7:: How does the port cope with differences in the Windows user interface? +* Q1.2.8:: Is there a port of XEmacs to the Macintosh? +* Q1.2.9:: Is there a port of XEmacs to MS-DOS? +* Q1.2.10:: Is there a port of XEmacs to OS/2? +* Q1.2.11:: Is there a port of XEmacs to NextStep? +* Q1.2.12:: Is there a port of XEmacs to VMS? + +1.3: Getting Started +* Q1.3.1:: What is an ＠file{init.el} or ＠file{.emacs} and is there a sample one? +* Q1.3.2:: Where do I put my ＠file{init.el} file? +* Q1.3.3:: Can I use the same ＠file{init.el} with the other Emacs? +* Q1.3.4:: Any good XEmacs tutorials around? +* Q1.3.5:: May I see an example of a useful XEmacs Lisp function? +* Q1.3.6:: And how do I bind it to a key? +* Q1.3.7:: What's the difference between a macro and a function? +* Q1.3.8:: What is ＠code{Custom}? + +1.4: Getting Help +* Q1.4.1:: Where can I get help? +* Q1.4.2:: Which mailing lists are there? +* Q1.4.3:: Where are the mailing lists archived? +* Q1.4.4:: How can I get two instances of info? +* Q1.4.5:: How do I add new Info directories? + +1.5: Contributing to XEmacs +* Q1.5.1:: How do I submit changes to the FAQ? +* Q1.5.2:: How do I become a beta tester? +* Q1.5.3:: How do I contribute to XEmacs itself? +* Q1.5.4:: How do I get started developing XEmacs? +* Q1.5.5:: What's the basic layout of the code? + +1.6: Politics (XEmacs vs. GNU Emacs) +* Q1.6.1:: What is GNU Emacs? +* Q1.6.2:: How does XEmacs differ from GNU Emacs? +* Q1.6.3:: How much does XEmacs differ? +* Q1.6.4:: Is XEmacs "GNU"? +* Q1.6.5:: What is the correct way to refer to XEmacs and GNU Emacs? +* Q1.6.6:: Why haven't XEmacs and GNU Emacs merged? + +1.7: External Packages +* Q1.7.1:: What is the package system? +* Q1.7.2:: Which external packages are there? +* Q1.7.3:: Do I need to have the packages to run XEmacs? +* Q1.7.4:: Is there a way to find which package has particular functionality? + +1.8: Internationalization +* Q1.8.1:: What is the status of internationalization support aka MULE (including Asian language support)? +* Q1.8.2:: How can I help with internationalization? +* Q1.8.3:: How do I type non-ASCII characters? +* Q1.8.4:: Can XEmacs messages come out in a different language? +* Q1.8.5:: Please explain the various input methods in MULE/XEmacs +* Q1.8.6:: How do I portably code for MULE/XEmacs? +* Q1.8.7:: How about Cyrillic modes? +* Q1.8.8:: Does XEmacs support Unicode? +* Q1.8.9:: How does XEmacs display Unicode? ＠end menu +＠unnumberedsec 1.0: What is XEmacs? + ＠node Q1.0.1, Q1.0.2, Introduction, Introduction -＠unnumberedsec 1.0: Introduction ＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.1: What is XEmacs? - XEmacs is a powerful, highly customizable open source text editor and -application development system, with full GUI support. It is protected -under the GNU Public License and related to other versions of Emacs, in -particular GNU Emacs. Its emphasis is on modern graphical user -interface support and an open software development model, similar to -Linux. XEmacs has an active development community numbering in the -hundreds (and thousands of active beta testers on top of this), and runs -on all versions of MS Windows, on Linux, and on nearly every other -version of Unix in existence. Support for XEmacs has been supplied by -Sun Microsystems, University of Illinois, Lucid, ETL/Electrotechnical -Laboratory, Amdahl Corporation, BeOpen, and others, as well as the -unpaid time of a great number of individual developers. +application development system, with full GUI support. It is +protected under the GNU Public License and related to other versions +of Emacs, in particular GNU Emacs. Its emphasis is on modern +graphical user interface support and an open software development +model, similar to Linux. XEmacs has an active development community +numbering in the hundreds (and thousands of active beta testers on top +of this), and runs on all versions of MS Windows, on Mac OS X, on +Linux, and on nearly every other version of Unix in existence. +Support for XEmacs has been supplied by Sun Microsystems, University +of Illinois, Lucid, ETL/Electrotechnical Laboratory, Amdahl +Corporation, BeOpen, and others, as well as the unpaid time of a great +number of individual developers. ＠node Q1.0.2, Q1.0.3, Q1.0.1, Introduction ＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.2: What is the current version of XEmacs? -XEmacs versions 21.1.* are releases made from the current stable -sources. XEmacs versions 21.2.* are releases made from the development -sources. Check at ＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org} for the current minor -version. +XEmacs versions 21.4.* are releases made from the current stable +sources. XEmacs versions 21.5.* (which will be released as 22.0) are +releases made from the development sources. Check at +＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org} for the current minor version. XEmacs +versions 21.1.* were the previous stable releases, now retired. -XEmacs 19.16 was the last release of v19, released in November, 1997, -which was also the last version without international language support. +XEmacs 20.4, released in February 1998, was the last release of v20. -＠node Q1.0.3, Q1.0.4, Q1.0.2, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.3: Where can I find it? +XEmacs 19.16, released in November, 1997. was the last release of v19, +and was also the last version without international language support. -The canonical source and binaries can be found via anonymous FTP at: +＠node Q1.0.3, Q1.0.4, Q1.0.2, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.3: How do you pronounce XEmacs? -＠example -＠uref{ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/} -＠end example +The most common pronounciation is ＠samp{Eks eemax}. ＠node Q1.0.4, Q1.0.5, Q1.0.3, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.4: Why Another Version of Emacs? +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.4: What does XEmacs look like? -For a detailed description of the differences between GNU Emacs and -XEmacs and a detailed history of XEmacs, check out the -＠example -＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/About/XEmacsVsGNUemacs.html, NEWS file} -＠end example +Screen snapshots are available at +＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/About/Screenshots/index.html} +as part of the XEmacs website. -However, here is a list of some of the reasons why we think you might -consider using it: +＠node Q1.0.5, Q1.0.6, Q1.0.4, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.5: Who wrote XEmacs? -＠itemize ＠bullet -＠item -It looks nicer. +XEmacs is the result of the time and effort of many people, and the +active developers have changed over time. There are two major +components of the XEmacs effort -- writing the code itself and providing +all the support work (testing the code, releasing beta and final +versions, handling patches, reading bug reports, maintaining the web +site, managing the mailing lists, etc. etc.). Neither component would +work without the other. + +＠subheading CODING + +The primary code contributor over the years has been Ben Wing (active +since late 1992). Between 1991 and 1995, large amounts of coding was +contributed by Jamie Zawinski and Chuck Thompson. Many other people +have authored major subsystems or otherwise contributed large amounts of +code, including Andy Piper, Hrvoje Niksic, Jerry James, Jonathan Harris, +Kyle Jones, Martin Buchholz, Michael Sperber, Olivier Galibert, Richard +Mlynarik, Stig, William Perry and plenty of others. -＠item -The XEmacs maintainers are generally more receptive to suggestions than -the GNU Emacs maintainers. +Primary XEmacs-specific subsystems and their authors: +＠table ＠asis +＠item Objects +＠itemize ＠minus ＠item -Many more bundled packages than GNU Emacs. - +Conversion from 26-bit to 28-bit pointers and integers, lrecords, lcrecords: Richard Mlynarik, 1994 ＠item -Binaries are available for many common operating systems. - +Conversion to 32-bit pointers and 31-bit integers: Kyle Jones, Martin Buchholz ＠item -Face support on TTY's. - +Portable dumper, object descriptions: Olivier Galibert ＠item -A built-in toolbar. - +KKCC (new garbage collector), ephemerons, weak boxes: Michael Sperber and students ＠item -Better Motif compliance. - +Random object work (object equal and hash methods, weak lists, lcrecord lists, bit vectors, dynarr, blocktype, opaque, string resizing): Ben Wing ＠item -Some internationalization support (including full MULE support, if -compiled with it). - +Profiling: Ben Wing ＠item -Variable-width fonts. - +Some byte-compilation and hash-table improvements: Martin Buchholz ＠item -Variable-height lines. +Bignum: Jerry James +＠end itemize +＠item Internationalization/Mule +＠itemize ＠minus ＠item -Marginal annotations. +mostly Ben Wing; many ideas for future work, Stephen Turnbull +＠end itemize +＠item I/O +＠itemize ＠minus ＠item -ToolTalk support. - +Basic event/event-stream implementation: Jamie Zawinski ＠item -XEmacs can be used as an Xt widget, and can be embedded within another -application. - +Most event work since 1994: Ben Wing ＠item -Horizontal and vertical scrollbars (using real toolkit scrollbars). - +Asynchronous stuff (async timeouts, signals, quit-checking): Ben Wing ＠item -Better APIs (and performance) for attaching fonts, colors, and other -properties to text. - +Process method abstraction, Windows process work: Kirill Katsnelson ＠item -The ability to embed arbitrary graphics in a buffer. - +Misc-user events, async timeouts, most quit-checking and signal code, most other work since 1994: Ben Wing ＠item -Completely compatible (at the C level) with the Xt-based toolkits. - +Lstreams: Ben Wing ＠end itemize - -＠node Q1.0.5, Q1.0.6, Q1.0.4, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.5: Why Haven't XEmacs and GNU Emacs Merged? - -There are currently irreconcilable differences in the views about -technical, programming, design and organizational matters between RMS -and the XEmacs development team which provide little hope for a merge to -take place in the short-term future. - -If you have a comment to add regarding the merge, it is a good idea to -avoid posting to the newsgroups, because of the very heated flamewars -that often result. Mail your questions to ＠email{xemacs-beta＠(a)xemacs.org} and -＠email{bug-gnu-emacs＠(a)prep.ai.mit.edu}. - -＠node Q1.0.6, Q1.0.7, Q1.0.5, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.6: Where can I get help? - -Probably the easiest way, if everything is installed, is to use Info, by -pressing ＠kbd{C-h i}, or looking for an Info item on the -Help Menu. ＠kbd{M-x apropos} can be used to look for particular commands. - -For items not found in the manual, try reading this FAQ -＠comment , examining the regular GNU Emacs FAQ (which can be -＠comment found with the Emacs 19 distribution) as well as at -＠comment ＠uref{http://www.eecs.nwu.edu/emacs/faq/} -and reading the Usenet group comp.emacs.xemacs. - -If you choose to post to a newsgroup, ＠strong{please use -comp.emacs.xemacs}. Please do not post XEmacs related questions to -gnu.emacs.help. - -If you cannot post or read Usenet news, there is a corresponding mailing -list ＠email{xemacs-news＠(a)xemacs.org} which is available. It can be -subscribed to via the Mailman Web interface or by sending mail to to -＠email{xemacs-news-request＠(a)xemacs.org} with ＠samp{subscribe} in the -body of the message. See also -＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/Lists/#xemacs-news}. To cancel a -subscription, you may use the ＠email{xemacs-news-request＠(a)xemacs.org} -address or the Web interface. Send a message with a subject of -＠samp{unsubscribe} to be removed. - -＠node Q1.0.7, Q1.0.8, Q1.0.6, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.7: Where are the mailing lists archived? - -The archives can be found at ＠uref{http://list-archive.xemacs.org} - -＠node Q1.0.8, Q1.0.9, Q1.0.7, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.8: How do you pronounce XEmacs? - -The most common pronounciation is ＠samp{Eks eemax}. - -＠node Q1.0.9, Q1.0.10, Q1.0.8, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.9: What does XEmacs look like? - -Screen snapshots are available at -＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/About/Screenshots/index.html} -as part of the XEmacs website. - -＠node Q1.0.10, Q1.0.11, Q1.0.9, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.10: Is there a port of XEmacs to Microsoft ('95 or NT)? - -Yes. XEmacs can be built under MS Windows and is fully-featured and -actively developed. See ＠ref{MS Windows}. - -＠node Q1.0.11, Q1.0.12, Q1.0.10, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.11: Is there a port of XEmacs to the Macintosh? -＠c changed - -＠c There has been a port to the MachTen environment of XEmacs 19.13, but no -＠c patches have been submitted to the maintainers to get this in the -＠c mainstream distribution. -＠c -＠c For the MacOS, there is a port of -＠c ＠uref{ftp://ftp.cs.cornell.edu/pub/parmet/, Emacs 18.59}. - -Yes. - -XEmacs 21.5 (perhaps 21.4 also?) works on MacOS X, although it certainly -will not feel very much like a Mac application as it has no Mac-specific -code in it. - -There is also a port of XEmacs 19.14 that works on all recent versions -of MacOS, from 8.1 through MacOS X, by ＠email{pjarvis＠(a)ispchannel.com, -Pitts Jarvis}. It runs in an equivalent of TTY mode only (one single -Macintosh window, 25 colors), but has a large number of Mac-specific -additions. It's available at -＠uref{http://homepage.mac.com/pjarvis/xemacs.html}. - -＠node Q1.0.12, Q1.0.13, Q1.0.11, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.12: Is there a port of XEmacs to NextStep? - -Carl Edman, apparently no longer at ＠email{cedman＠(a)princeton.edu}, did -the port of GNU Emacs to NeXTstep and expressed interest in doing the -XEmacs port, but never went any farther. - -＠node Q1.0.13, Q1.0.14, Q1.0.12, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.13: Is there a port of XEmacs to OS/2? - -No, but Alexander Nikolaev <avn_1251＠(a)mail.ru&gt; is working on it. -＠node Q1.0.14, Q1.1.1, Q1.0.13, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.14: Where can I obtain a printed copy of the XEmacs User's Manual? - -Pre-printed manuals are not available. If you are familiar with -TeX, you can generate your own manual from the XEmacs sources. - -HTML and Postscript versions of XEmacs manuals are available from the -XEmacs web site at -＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/Documentation/index.html}. - -＠node Q1.1.1, Q1.1.2, Q1.0.14, Introduction -＠unnumberedsec 1.1: Policies -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.1.1: What is the FAQ editorial policy? +＠item Display +＠itemize ＠minus +＠item +Redisplay mechanism: implementation, Chuck Thompson; additional work, lots of people +＠item +Glyphs: mostly Ben Wing +＠item +Specifiers: Ben Wing +＠item +Extents: initial implementation, someone at Lucid; rewrite, 1994, Ben Wing +＠item +Widgets: Andy Piper +＠item +JPEG/PNG/TIFF image converters: Ben Wing, William Perry, Jareth Hein, others (see comment in ＠file{glyphs-eimage.c}) +＠item +Menus: Jamie Zawinski, someone at Lucid (Lucid menus) +＠item +Scrollbars: Chuck Thompson, ??? (Lucid scrollbar) +＠item +Multi-device/device-independence work (console/device/etc methods): Ben Wing, prototype by chuck thompson +＠item +Faces: first implementation, Jamie Zawinski; second, chuck; third, Ben Wing +＠item +Fonts/colors: first implementation, Jamie Zawinski; further work, Ben Wing +＠item +Toolbars: implementation, chuck, much interface work, Ben Wing +＠item +Gutters, tabs: andy piper +＠end itemize -The FAQ is actively maintained and modified regularly. All links should -be up to date. Unfortunately, some of the information is out of date -- -a situation which the FAQ maintainer is working on. All submissions are -welcome, please e-mail submissions to ＠email{faq＠(a)xemacs.org, XEmacs FAQ -maintainers}. +＠item Device subsystems +＠itemize ＠minus +＠item +X Windows: Jamie Zawinksi, Ben Wing, others +＠item +GTK: William Perry, Malcolm Purvis +＠item +MS Windows: initial implementation, Jonathan Harris; some more work, Andy Piper, Ben Wing +＠item +TTY: Chuck Thompson, Ben Wing +＠item +Cygwin: Andy Piper +＠end itemize -Please make sure that ＠samp{XEmacs FAQ} appears on the Subject: line. -If you think you have a better way of answering a question, or think a -question should be included, we'd like to hear about it. Questions and -answers included into the FAQ will be edited for spelling and grammar -and will be attributed. Answers appearing without attribution are -either from versions of the FAQ dated before May 1996 or are from -previous FAQ maintainers. Answers quoted from Usenet news articles will -always be attributed, regardless of the author. +＠item Misc +＠itemize ＠minus +＠item +Configure: initial porting from fsf, Chuck Thompson; conversion to autoconf 2, much rewriting, Martin Buchholz +＠item +Most initialization-related code: Ben Wing +＠item +Internals manual, much of Lisp manual: Ben Wing +＠item +FSF synching: initial sync with FSF 19, Richard Mlynarik, further work, Ben Wing +＠end itemize +＠end table -＠node Q1.1.2, Q1.1.3, Q1.1.1, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.1.2: How do I become a Beta Tester? +＠subheading SUPPORT -Send an email message to ＠email{xemacs-beta-request＠(a)xemacs.org} with -the line ＠samp{subscribe} in the body of the message. +Currently, support duties are handled by many different people. -Be prepared to get your hands dirty, as beta testers are expected to -identify problems as best they can. +Release managers have been -＠node Q1.1.3, Q1.2.1, Q1.1.2, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.1.3: How do I contribute to XEmacs itself? +＠itemize ＠minus +＠item +Stephen Turnbull (April 2001 - January 2003, March 2004 - present, 21.2.47 - 21.4.12, 21.5.2 - 21.5.7, 21.5.17 - present) +＠item +Vin Shelton (May 2003 - present, 21.4.13 - present) +＠item +Steve Youngs (July 2002 - September 2003, 21.5.8 - 21.5.16) +＠item +Martin Buchholz (December 1998, November 1999 - May 2001, 21.2.7 - 21.2.8, 21.2.21 - 21.2.46, 21.5.0 - 21.5.1) +＠item +Steve Baur (early 1997 - December 1998, February 1999 - November 1999, 19.15 - 21.2.5, 21.2.9 - 21.2.20) +＠item +Andy Piper (December 1998, 21.2.6) +＠item +Chuck Thompson (June 1994 - September 1996, 19.11 - 19.14) +＠item +Jamie Zawinski (April 1991 - June 1994, 19.0 - 19.10) +＠end itemize -Ben Wing ＠email{ben＠(a)xemacs.org} writes: +The recent overlapping dates are intentional, since two or three trees +are maintained simultaneously at any point. -＠quotation -BTW if you have a wish list of things that you want added, you have to -speak up about it! More specifically, you can do the following if you -want a feature added (in increasing order of usefulness): +Other major support work: -＠itemize ＠bullet +＠itemize ＠minus ＠item -Make a posting about a feature you want added. - +Adrian Aichner wrote and maintains the web site. ＠item -Become a beta tester and make more postings about those same features. - +Stephen Turnbull has produced many of the beta and semi-stable releases +and has attempted to be the "face" of XEmacs on the newsgroups and +mailing lists. ＠item -Convince us that you're going to use the features in some cool and -useful way. - +Steve Youngs currently produces the beta releases (???). ＠item -Come up with a clear and well-thought-out API concerning the features. - +Steve Youngs, Ville Skytta, and now Norbert Koch have taken turns +maintaining the packages. ＠item -Write the code to implement a feature and send us a patch. +Vin Shelton maintains the stable releases. +＠item +Testing - #### Norbert, Adrian, ??? ＠end itemize - -(not that we're necessarily requiring you to write the code, but we can -always hope :) -＠end quotation - -＠node Q1.2.1, Q1.2.2, Q1.1.3, Introduction -＠unnumberedsec 1.2: Credits -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.2.1: Who wrote XEmacs? -XEmacs is the result of the time and effort of many people. The -developers responsible for recent releases are: +Portraits and email of some of the major developers: ＠itemize ＠bullet -＠item ＠email{martin＠(a)xemacs.org, Martin Buchholz} +＠item ＠email{andy＠(a)xemacs.org, Andy Piper} ＠html -<br><img src="mrb.jpeg" alt="Portrait of Martin Buchholz"><br> +<br><img src="piper.png" alt="Portrait of Andy Piper"><br> ＠end html - -＠item ＠email{stephen＠(a)xemacs.org, Stephen Turnbull} - - ＠item ＠email{ben＠(a)xemacs.org, Ben Wing} ＠html -<br><img src="wing.gif" alt="Portrait of Ben Wing"><br> +<br><img src="ben.png" alt="Portrait of Ben Wing"><br> ＠end html - - -＠item ＠email{hniksic＠(a)xemacs.org, Hrvoje Niksic} +＠item ＠email{cthomp＠(a)xemacs.org, Chuck Thompson} ＠html -<br><img src="hniksic.jpeg" alt="Portrait of Hrvoje Niksic"><br> +<br><img src="cthomp.png" alt="Portrait of Chuck Thompson"><br> ＠end html - -＠end itemize - -The developers responsible for older releases were: -＠itemize ＠bullet -＠item ＠email{steve＠(a)xemacs.org, Steve Baur} +＠item ＠email{hniksic＠(a)xemacs.org, Hrvoje Niksic} ＠html -<br><img src="steve.gif" alt="Portrait of Steve Baur"><br> +<br><img src="hniksic.png" alt="Portrait of Hrvoje Niksic"><br> ＠end html -＠item ＠email{cthomp＠(a)xemacs.org, Chuck Thompson} +＠item ＠email{jwz＠(a)jwz.org, Jamie Zawinski} ＠html -<br><img src="cthomp.jpeg" alt="Portrait of Chuck Thompson"><br> +<br><img src="jwz.png" alt="Portrait of Jamie Zawinski"><br> ＠end html -＠item ＠email{jwz＠(a)jwz.org, Jamie Zawinski} +＠item ＠email{martin＠(a)xemacs.org, Martin Buchholz} ＠html -<br><img src="jwz.gif" alt="Portrait of Jamie Zawinski"><br> +<br><img src="martin.png" alt="Portrait of Martin Buchholz"><br> ＠end html ＠item ＠email{mly＠(a)adoc.xerox.com, Richard Mlynarik} - -Steve Baur was the primary maintainer for 19.15 through 21.0. - -Chuck Thompson and Ben Wing were the maintainers for 19.11 through 19.14 -and heavy code contributors for 19.8 through 19.10. +＠html +<br><img src="mly.png" alt="Portrait of Richard Mlynarik"><br> +＠end html -Jamie Zawinski was the maintainer for 19.0 through 19.10 (the entire -history of Lucid Emacs). Richard Mlynarik was a heavy code contributor -to 19.6 through 19.8. +＠item ＠email{stephen＠(a)xemacs.org, Stephen Turnbull} +＠item ＠email{steve＠(a)xemacs.org, Steve Baur} +＠html +<br><img src="slb.png" alt="Portrait of Steve Baur"><br> +＠end html ＠end itemize -Along with many other contributors, partially enumerated in the -＠samp{About XEmacs} option in the Help menu. +Many other people have contributed to XEmacs; this is partially +enumerated in the ＠samp{About XEmacs} option in the Help menu. -＠node Q1.2.2, Q1.2.3, Q1.2.1, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.2.2: Who contributed to this version of the FAQ? +＠node Q1.0.6, Q1.1.1, Q1.0.5, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.0.6: Who wrote the FAQ? -The following people contributed valuable suggestions to building this -version of the FAQ (listed in alphabetical order): +The current version of this FAQ was created by ＠email{ben＠(a)xemacs.org, +Ben Wing}. +Previous contributors to the FAQ include + ＠itemize ＠bullet ＠item ＠email{steve＠(a)xemacs.org, SL Baur} ＠item ＠email{hniksic＠(a)xemacs.org, Hrvoje Niksic} -＠item ＠email{Aki.Vehtari＠(a)hut.fi, Aki Vehtari} - -＠end itemize - -＠node Q1.2.3, Q1.3.1, Q1.2.2, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.2.3: Who contributed to the FAQ in the past? - -This is only a partial list, as many names were lost in a hard disk -crash some time ago. - -＠itemize ＠bullet ＠item ＠email{binge＠(a)aloft.att.com, Curtis.N.Bingham} ＠item ＠email{bruncott＠(a)dormeur.inria.fr, Georges Brun-Cottan} ＠＠ -915,2368 +996,3632 ＠＠ ＠item ＠email{Aki.Vehtari＠(a)hut.fi, Aki Vehtari} ＠end itemize -＠node Q1.3.1, Q1.3.2, Q1.2.3, Introduction -＠unnumberedsec 1.3: Internationalization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.1: What is the status of internationalization support aka MULE (including Asian language support? - -Both the stable and development versions of XEmacs include -internationalization support (aka MULE). MULE currently (21.4) works on -UNIX and Linux systems. It is possible to build with MULE on Windows -systems, but if you really need MULE on Windows, it is recommended that -you build and use the development (21.5) version, and deal with the -instability of the development tree. Binaries compiled without MULE -support run faster than MULE capable XEmacsen. +＠unnumberedsec 1.1: Getting XEmacs -＠node Q1.3.2, Q1.3.3, Q1.3.1, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.2: How can I help with internationalization? +＠node Q1.1.1, Q1.1.2, Q1.0.6, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.1.1: Where can I find XEmacs? -If you would like to help, you may want to join the -＠email{xemacs-mule＠(a)xemacs.org} mailing list. Especially needed are -people who speak/write languages other than English, who are willing to -use XEmacs/MULE regularly, and have some experience with Elisp. +To download XEmacs, visit the XEmacs WWW page at +＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/Download/}. The most up-to-date list of +distribution sites can always be found there. Try to pick a site that +is networkologically close to you. If you know of other mirrors of +the XEmacs archives, please send e-mail to +＠uref{mailto:webmaster＠＠xemacs.org} and we will list them here as well. + +The canonical distribution point is ftp.xemacs.org, available either +through HTTP (＠uref{http://ftp.xemacs.org/}) or anonymous FTP +(＠uref{ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/}). -Translations of the TUTORIAL and man page are welcome, and XEmacs does -support multilingual menus, but we have few current translations. +＠node Q1.1.2, Q1.1.3, Q1.1.1, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.1.2: Are binaries available? -(a)xref{Q1.1.2}. +MS Windows binaries are available at +＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/Download/win32/} for the native versions +of 21.4 and 21.1. Cygwin binaries are now available as part of the +standard Cygwin installation process. XEmacs also comes pre-built as +part of many Linux distributions, such as Red Hat and SuSE. + +Otherwise, you will need to build XEmacs yourself or get your system +administrator to do it. Generally, this is not a difficult process +under Unix and Mac OS X, as XEmacs has been tested under all of the +common Unix versions and under Mac OS X and comes with an extensive +configure script that is able to automatically detect most aspects of +the configuration of your particular system. + +＠node Q1.1.3, Q1.1.4, Q1.1.2, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.1.3: How do I get the bleeding-edge sources? + +If you are interested in developing XEmacs, or getting the absolutely most +recent, up-to-the-moment, bleeding-edge source code, you can directly +access the master CVS source tree (read-only, of course, until you ask for +and are granted permission to directly modify portions of the source tree) +at cvs.xemacs.org. Directions on how to access the source tree are located +at ＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/Develop/cvsaccess.html}. -＠node Q1.3.3, Q1.3.4, Q1.3.2, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.3: How do I type non-ASCII characters? +Nightly CVS snapshots are available at +＠uref{http://www.dk.xemacs.org/Download/CVS-snapshots/}. -See question 3.5.7 (＠pxref{Q3.5.7}) in part 3 of this FAQ for some -simple methods that also work in non-MULE builds of XEmacs (but only for -one-octet coded character sets, and mostly for ISO 8859/1). Many of the -methods available for Cyrillic (＠pxref{Q1.3.7}) work without MULE. -MULE has more general capabilities. ＠xref{Q1.3.5}. +＠node Q1.1.4, Q1.2.1, Q1.1.3, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.1.4: Where can I obtain a printed copy of the XEmacs User's Manual? -(a)xref{Q3.2.7}, which covers display of non-ASCII characters. +Pre-printed manuals are not available. If you are familiar with +TeX, you can generate your own manual from the XEmacs sources. -＠node Q1.3.4, Q1.3.5, Q1.3.3, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.4: Can XEmacs messages come out in a different language? +HTML and Postscript versions of XEmacs manuals are available from the +XEmacs web site at +＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/Documentation/index.html}. + +＠unnumberedsec 1.2: Versions for Different Operating Systems + +＠node Q1.2.1, Q1.2.2, Q1.1.4, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.2.1: Do I need X11 to run XEmacs? + +No. The name ＠dfn{XEmacs} is unfortunate in the sense that it is +＠strong{not} an X Window System-only version of Emacs. XEmacs has +full color support on a color-capable character terminal. + +＠node Q1.2.2, Q1.2.3, Q1.2.1, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.2.2: What versions of Unix does XEmacs run on? + +XEmacs is regularly tested on Linux, Solaris, SunOS, HP/UX, FreeBSD, +OpenBSD, BSD/OS aka BSDI, Tru64 aka DEC/OSF, SCO5, and probably +others. It should work on all versions of Unix created in the last 10 +years or so, perhaps with a bit of work on more obscure platforms to +correct bit-rot. It uses a sophisticated configuration system to +auto-detect zillions of features that are implemented differently in +different versions of Unix, so it will probably work on your vendor's +version, possibly with a bit of tweaking, even if we've never heard of +it. + +For problems with particular machines and versions of Unix, see the +＠file{PROBLEMS} file. + +Much effort has gone into making XEmacs work on as many different +machines, configurations, and compilers as possible. + +Much effort has gone into making XEmacs 64-bit clean. + +Much effort has gone into removing system-specific code, and replacing +such code with autodetection at configure time. + +The XEmacs core should build "out of the box" on most Unix-like systems. + +XEmacs 21.2 was tested and ＠samp{make check} succeeded on these Unix +configurations as of 2001-02-10: + +＠example +alphaev56-dec-osf4.0e (both Compaq C and gcc) +i386-unknown-freebsd4.2 +i386-unknown-netbsdelf1.5 +i586-sco-sysv5uw7.0.1 (both SCO's cc and gcc) +i686-pc-linux-gnu +hppa2.0-hp-hpux10.20 (both HP's ANSI cc and gcc) +mips-sgi-irix6.5 (both MIPSpro cc and gcc) +rs6000-ibm-aix4.3.0.0 (both IBM's xlc and gcc) +sparc-sun-solaris2.6 (both Sun's Forte C and gcc) +sparc-sun-solaris2.7 (both Sun's Forte C and gcc) +sparc-sun-sunos4.1.4 (gcc) +＠end example + +Some systems have a dual mode 32-bit/64-bit compiler. On most of these, +XEmacs requires the ＠samp{--pdump} (in XEmacs 21.5, +＠samp{--enable-pdump}) configure option to build correctly with the +64-bit version of the compiler. + +＠example +mips-sgi-irix6.5, CC="gcc -mabi=64" +mips-sgi-irix6.5, CC="cc -64" +rs6000-ibm-aix4.3.0.0, CC="cc -q64" +＠end example + +On most of these systems, XEmacs also builds with a C++ compiler, +but not "out of the box". This feature is only for use by the +maintainers. + +XEmacs 21.2 is known ＠emph{not} to work on any machines with m680x0 +processors. Sorry, all you sun3 and Unix PC nostalgia buffs out there. + +VMS has never been supported by XEmacs. In fact, all the old VMS code +inherited from Emacs has been removed. Sorry, all you VMS fans out there. + +＠node Q1.2.3, Q1.2.4, Q1.2.2, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.2.3: Is there a port of XEmacs to Microsoft Windows? + +Yes. Beginning with release 21.0, XEmacs has worked under MS Windows +and is fully-featured and actively developed. A group of dedicated +developers actively maintains and improves the Windows-specific +portions of the code. Some of the core developers, in fact, use +Windows as their only development environment, and some features, such +as printing, actually work better on Windows than native Unix and Mac +OS X. The mailing list at ＠email{xemacs-winnt＠(a)xemacs.org} is dedicated +to that effort (please use the -request address to +subscribe). (Despite its name, XEmacs actually works on all versions +of Windows.) + +The list name is misleading, as XEmacs supports and has been compiled on +Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows ME, Windows +XP, and all newer versions of Windows. The MS Windows-specific code is +based on Microsoft Win32 API, and will not work on MS Windows 3.x or on +MS-DOS. + +XEmacs also supports the Cygwin and MinGW development and runtime +environments, where it also uses native Windows code for graphical +features. In addition, under Cygwin it is possible to compile XEmacs +to use an X server (and XFree86 is available as part of the standard +Cygwin installation). + +＠node Q1.2.4, Q1.2.5, Q1.2.3, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.2.4: Can I build XEmacs on MS Windows with X support? Do I need to? + +Yes, you can, but no you do not need to. In fact, we recommend that you +use a native-GUI version unless you have a specific need for an X +version. + +＠node Q1.2.5, Q1.2.6, Q1.2.4, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.2.5: What are Cygwin and MinGW, and do I need them to run XEmacs? + +To answer the second part of the question: No, you, you don't need +Cygwin or MinGW to build or to run XEmacs. But if you have them and +want to use them, XEmacs supports these environments. + +(One important reason to support Cygwin is that it lets the MS Windows +developers test out their code in a Unix environment without actually +having to have a Unix machine around. For this reason alone, Cygwin +support is likely to remain supported for a long time in XEmacs. Same +goes for the X support under Cygwin, for the same reasons. MinGW +support, on the other hand, depends on volunteers to keep it up to date; +but this is generally not hard.) + +Cygwin is a set of tools providing Unix-like API on top of Win32. +It makes it easy to port large Unix programs without significant +changes to their source code. It is a development environment as well +as a runtime environment. + +When built with Cygwin, XEmacs supports all display types -- TTY, X & +Win32 GUI, and can be built with support for all three simultaneously. +If you build with Win32 GUI support then the Cygwin version uses the +majority of the Windows-specific code, which is mostly related to +display. If you want to build with X support you need X libraries (and +an X server to display XEmacs on); see ＠ref{Q2.3.7}. TTY and Win32 GUI +require no additional libraries beyond what comes standard with Cygwin. + +The advantages of the Cygwin version are that it integrates well with +the Cygwin environment for existing Cygwin users; uses configure so +building with different features is very easy; and actively supports X & +TTY. Furthermore, the entire Cygwin environment and compiler are free, +whereas Visual C++ costs money. + +The disadvantage is that it requires the whole Cygwin environment, +whereas the native port requires only a suitable MS Windows compiler. +Also, it follows the Unix filesystem and process model very closely +(some will undoubtedly view this as an advantage). + +See ＠uref{http://www.cygwin.com/} for more information on +Cygwin. + +MinGW is a collection of header files and import libraries that allow +one to use GCC under the Cygwin environment to compile and produce +exactly the same native Win32 programs that you can using Visual C++. +Programs compiled with MinGW make use of the standard Microsoft runtime +library ＠file{MSVCRT.DLL}, present on all Windows systems, and look, +feel, and act like a standard Visual-C-produced application. (The only +difference is the compiler.) This means that, unlike a +standardly-compiled Cygwin application, no extra runtime support +(e.g. Cygwin's ＠file{cygwin1.dll}) is required. This, along with the +fact that GCC is free (and works in a nice Unix-y way in a nice Unix-y +environment, for those die-hard Unix hackers out there), is the main +advantage of MinGW. It is also potentially faster than Cygwin because +it has less overhead when calling Windows, but you lose the POSIX +emulation layer, which makes Unix programs harder to port. (But this is +irrelevant for XEmacs since it's already ported to Win32.) + +See ＠uref{http://www.mingw.org/} for more information on MinGW. + +＠node Q1.2.6, Q1.2.7, Q1.2.5, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.2.6: What are the differences between the various MS Windows emacsen? + +XEmacs, Win-Emacs, DOS Emacs, NT Emacs, this is all very confusing. +Could you briefly explain the differences between them? + +Here is a recount of various Emacs versions running on MS Windows: + +＠itemize ＠bullet + +＠item +XEmacs + +＠itemize ＠minus + +＠item +Beginning with XEmacs 19.12, XEmacs' architecture was redesigned +in such a way to allow clean support of multiple window systems. At +this time the TTY support was added, making X and TTY the first two +"window systems" supported by XEmacs. The 19.12 design is the basis for +the current native MS Windows code. + +＠item +Some time during 1997, David Hobley (soon joined by Marc Paquette) +imported some of the NT-specific portions of GNU Emacs, making XEmacs +with X support compile under Windows NT, and creating the "X" port. + +＠item +Several months later, Jonathan Harris sent out initial patches to use +the Win32 API, thus creating the native port. Since then, various +people have contributed, including Kirill M. Katsnelson (contributed +support for menubars, subprocesses and network, as well as loads of +other code), Andy Piper (ported XEmacs to Cygwin environment, +contributed Windows unexec, Windows-specific glyphs and toolbars code, +and more), Ben Wing (loads of improvements; primary MS Windows developer +since 2000), Jeff Sparkes (contributed scrollbars support) and many +others. +＠end itemize + +＠item +NT Emacs + +＠itemize ＠minus + +＠item +NT Emacs was an early version of GNU Emacs 19 modified to compile and +run under MS Windows 95 and NT using the native Win32 API. It was +written by Geoff Voelker, and has long since been incorporated into +the mainline GNU Emacs distribution. +＠end itemize + +＠item +Win-Emacs + +＠itemize ＠minus + +＠item +Win-Emacs was a port of Lucid Emacs 19.6 to MS Windows using X +compatibility libraries. Win-Emacs was written by Ben Wing. The MS +Windows code never made it back to Lucid Emacs, and its creator (Pearl +Software) has long since gone out of business. +＠end itemize + +＠item +GNU Emacs for DOS + +＠itemize ＠minus + +＠item +GNU Emacs features support for MS-DOS and DJGPP (D.J. Delorie's DOS +port of GCC). Such an Emacs is heavily underfeatured, because it does +not support long file names, lacks proper subprocesses support, and +is far too big compared with typical DOS editors. +＠end itemize + +＠item +GNU Emacs compiled with Win32 + +＠itemize ＠minus + +＠item +Starting with GNU Emacs 19.30, it has been possible to compile GNU Emacs +under MS Windows using the DJGPP compiler and X libraries. The result +is very similar to GNU Emacs compiled under MS DOS, only it works +somewhat better because it runs in 32-bit mode, makes use of all the +system memory, supports long file names, etc. +＠end itemize + +＠end itemize + +＠node Q1.2.7, Q1.2.8, Q1.2.6, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.2.7: How does the port cope with differences in the Windows user interface? + +The XEmacs (and Emacs in general) user interface is pretty different +from what is expected of a typical MS Windows program. How does the MS +Windows port cope with it? + +As a general rule, we follow native MS Windows conventions as much as +possible. 21.4 is a fairly complete Windows application, supporting +native printing, system file dialog boxes, tool tips, etc. In cases +where there's a clear UI conflict, we currently use normal Unix XEmacs +behavior by default, but make sure the MS Windows "look and feel" (mark +via shift-arrow, self-inserting deletes region, Alt selects menu items, +etc.) is easily configurable (respectively: using the variable +＠code{shifted-motion-keys-select-region} in 21.4 and above [it's in fact +the default in these versions], or the ＠file{pc-select} package; using +the ＠file{pending-del} package; and setting the variable +＠code{menu-accelerator-enabled} to ＠code{menu-force} in 21.4 and above). +In fact, if you use the sample ＠file{init.el} file as your init file, +you will get all these behaviors automatically turned on. + +In future versions, some of these features might be turned on by +default in the MS Windows environment. + +＠node Q1.2.8, Q1.2.9, Q1.2.7, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.2.8: Is there a port of XEmacs to the Macintosh? + +Yes. + +XEmacs 21.5 (perhaps 21.4 also?) works on MacOS X, although it certainly +will not feel very much like a Mac application as it has no Mac-specific +code in it. + +There is also a port of XEmacs 19.14 that works on all recent versions +of MacOS, from 8.1 through MacOS X, by ＠email{pjarvis＠(a)ispchannel.com, +Pitts Jarvis} (recently deceased). It runs in an equivalent of TTY +mode only (one single Macintosh window, 25 colors), but has a large +number of Mac-specific additions. It's available at +＠uref{http://homepage.mac.com/pjarvis/xemacs.html}. + +＠node Q1.2.9, Q1.2.10, Q1.2.8, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.2.9: Is there a port of XEmacs to MS-DOS? + +No. We have never supported running on MS-DOS or Windows 3.1, and in +fact have long since deleted all MS-DOS-related code. We're not +particularly interested in patches for these platforms, as they would +introduce huge amounts of code clutter due to the woefully +underfeatured nature of these systems. (See GNU Emacs for a port to +MS-DOS.) + +＠node Q1.2.10, Q1.2.11, Q1.2.9, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.2.10: Is there a port of XEmacs to OS/2? + +No, but Alexander Nikolaev <avn_1251＠(a)mail.ru&gt; was at one point +working on it. + +＠node Q1.2.11, Q1.2.12, Q1.2.10, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.2.11: Is there a port of XEmacs to NextStep? + +Carl Edman, apparently no longer at ＠email{cedman＠(a)princeton.edu}, did +the port of GNU Emacs to NeXTstep and expressed interest in doing the +XEmacs port, but never went any farther. + +＠node Q1.2.12, Q1.3.1, Q1.2.11, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.2.12: Is there a port of XEmacs to VMS? + +VMS has never been supported by XEmacs. In fact, all the old VMS code +inherited from GNU Emacs has been removed. Sorry, all you VMS fans +out there. + +＠unnumberedsec 1.3: Getting Started + +＠node Q1.3.1, Q1.3.2, Q1.2.12, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.1: What is an ＠file{init.el} or ＠file{.emacs} and is there a sample one? + +The ＠file{init.el} or ＠file{.emacs} file is used to customize XEmacs to +your tastes. Starting in 21.4, the preferred location for the init file +is ＠file{~/.xemacs/init.el}; in previous versions, it was +(a)file{~/.emacs}. 21.4 still accepts the old location, but the first +time you run it, it will ask to migrate your file to the new location. +If you answer yes, the file will be moved, and a "compatibility" +(a)file{.emacs} file will be placed in the old location so that you can +still run older versions of XEmacs, and versions of GNU Emacs, which +expect the old location. The ＠file{.emacs} file present is just a stub +that loads the real file in ＠file{~/.xemacs/init.el}. + +No two init files are alike, nor are they expected to be alike, but +that's the point. The XEmacs distribution contains an excellent starter +example in the ＠file{etc/} directory called ＠file{sample.init.el} +(starting in 21.4) or ＠file{sample.emacs} in older versions. Copy this +file from there to ＠file{~/.xemacs/init.el} (starting in 21.4) or +(a)file{~/.emacs} in older versions, where ＠samp{~} means your home +directory, of course. Then edit it to suit. + +You may bring the ＠file{sample.init.el} or ＠file{sample.emacs} file into +an XEmacs buffer from the menubar. (The menu entry for it is always +under the ＠samp{Help} menu, but its location under that has changed in +various versions. Recently, look under the ＠samp{Samples} submenu.) To +determine the location of the ＠file{etc/} directory type the command +＠kbd{C-h v data-directory ＠key{RET}}. + +＠node Q1.3.2, Q1.3.3, Q1.3.1, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.2: Where do I put my ＠file{init.el} file? + +(a)file{init.el} is the name of the init file starting with 21.4, and is +located in the subdirectory ＠file{.xemacs/} of your home directory. In +prior versions, the init file is called ＠file{.emacs} and is located in +your home directory. + +Your home directory under Windows is determined by the ＠samp{HOME} +environment variable. If this is not set, it defaults to ＠samp{C:\}. +To set this variable, modify ＠file{AUTOEXEC.BAT} under Windows 95/98, or +select ＠samp{Control Panel->System->Advanced->Environment Variables...} +under Windows NT/2000. + +＠node Q1.3.3, Q1.3.4, Q1.3.2, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.3: Can I use the same ＠file{init.el} with the other Emacs? + +Yes. The sample ＠file{init.el} included in the XEmacs +distribution will show you how to handle different versions and flavors +of Emacs. + +＠node Q1.3.4, Q1.3.5, Q1.3.3, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.4: Any good XEmacs tutorials around? + +There's the XEmacs tutorial available from the Help Menu under +＠samp{Help->Tutorials}, or by typing ＠kbd{C-h t}. To check whether +it's available in a non-english language, type ＠kbd{C-u C-h t TAB}, type +the first letters of your preferred language, then type ＠key{RET}. + +＠comment There's an Emacs Lisp tutorial at +＠comment +＠comment ＠example +＠comment ＠uref{ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/emacs-lisp-intro-1.04.tar.gz}. +＠comment ＠end example +＠comment +＠comment ＠email{erik＠(a)petaxp.rug.ac.be, Erik Sundermann} has made a tutorial web +＠comment page at +＠comment ＠iftex +＠comment ＠* +＠comment ＠end iftex +＠comment ＠uref{http://petaxp.rug.ac.be/~erik/xemacs/}. + +＠node Q1.3.5, Q1.3.6, Q1.3.4, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.5: May I see an example of a useful XEmacs Lisp function? + +The following function does a little bit of everything useful. It does +something with the prefix argument, it examines the text around the +cursor, and it's interactive so it may be bound to a key. It inserts +copies of the current word the cursor is sitting on at the cursor. If +you give it a prefix argument: ＠kbd{C-u 3 M-x double-word} then it will +insert 3 copies. + +＠lisp +(defun double-word (count) + "Insert a copy of the current word underneath the cursor" + (interactive "*p") + (let (here there string) + (save-excursion + (forward-word -1) + (setq here (point)) + (forward-word 1) + (setq there (point)) + (setq string (buffer-substring here there))) + (while (>= count 1) + (insert string) + (decf count)))) +＠end lisp + +The best way to see what is going on here is to let XEmacs tell you. +Put the code into an XEmacs buffer, and do a ＠kbd{C-h f} with the cursor +sitting just to the right of the function you want explained. Eg. move +the cursor to the SPACE between ＠code{interactive} and ＠samp{"*p"} and +hit ＠kbd{C-h f} to see what the function ＠code{interactive} does. Doing +this will tell you that the ＠code{*} requires a writable buffer, and +＠code{p} converts the prefix argument to a number, and +＠code{interactive} allows you to execute the command with ＠kbd{M-x}. + +＠node Q1.3.6, Q1.3.7, Q1.3.5, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.6: And how do I bind it to a key? + +To bind to a key do: + +＠lisp +(global-set-key "\C-cd" 'double-word) +＠end lisp + +Or interactively, ＠kbd{M-x global-set-key} and follow the prompts. + +＠node Q1.3.7, Q1.3.8, Q1.3.6, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.7: What's the difference between a macro and a function? + +Quoting from the Lisp Reference (a.k.a ＠dfn{Lispref}) Manual: + +＠dfn{Macros} enable you to define new control constructs and other +language features. A macro is defined much like a function, but instead +of telling how to compute a value, it tells how to compute another Lisp +expression which will in turn compute the value. We call this +expression the ＠dfn{expansion} of the macro. + +Macros can do this because they operate on the unevaluated expressions +for the arguments, not on the argument values as functions do. They can +therefore construct an expansion containing these argument expressions +or parts of them. + +Do not confuse the two terms with ＠dfn{keyboard macros}, which are +another matter, entirely. A keyboard macro is a key bound to several +other keys. Refer to manual for details. + +＠node Q1.3.8, Q1.4.1, Q1.3.7, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.8: What is ＠code{Custom}? + +＠code{Custom} is a system for customizing XEmacs options. + +You can access ＠code{Advanced (Customize)} from the ＠code{Options} menu +or invoking one of customize commands by typing eg. +＠kbd{M-x customize}, ＠kbd{M-x customize-face}, +＠kbd{M-x customize-variable} or ＠kbd{M-x customize-apropos}. + +There is also new ＠samp{browser} mode for Customize. +Try it out with ＠kbd{M-x customize-browse} + +＠unnumberedsec 1.4: Getting Help + +＠node Q1.4.1, Q1.4.2, Q1.3.8, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.4.1: Where can I get help? + +Probably the easiest way, if everything is installed, is to use Info, by +pressing ＠kbd{C-h i}, or looking for an Info item on the +Help Menu. ＠kbd{M-x apropos} can be used to look for particular commands. + +For items not found in the manual, try reading this FAQ +and reading the Usenet group comp.emacs.xemacs. + +If you choose to post to a newsgroup, ＠strong{please use +comp.emacs.xemacs}. Please do not post XEmacs related questions to +gnu.emacs.help. + +If you cannot post or read Usenet news, there is a corresponding mailing +list ＠email{xemacs-news＠(a)xemacs.org} which is available. It can be +subscribed to via the Mailman Web interface or by sending mail to to +＠email{xemacs-news-request＠(a)xemacs.org} with ＠samp{subscribe} in the +body of the message. See also +＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/Lists/#xemacs-news}. To cancel a +subscription, you may use the ＠email{xemacs-news-request＠(a)xemacs.org} +address or the Web interface. Send a message with a subject of +＠samp{unsubscribe} to be removed. + +＠node Q1.4.2, Q1.4.3, Q1.4.1, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.4.2: Which mailing lists are there? + +For complete, up-to-date info on the lists and how to subscribe, see +＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/Lists/}. + +＠table ＠samp + +＠item comp.emacs.xemacs +is a Usenet newsgroup +for XEmacs users to discuss problems and issues that arise +for them. It's not generally an appropriate place to ask +about apparent bugs (use ＠samp{xemacs-beta}), or future plans +(use ＠samp{xemacs-design}). + +＠item xemacs-announce +is a read-only, low +volume list for announcements concerning the XEmacs project +and new releases of the XEmacs software. + +＠item xemacs-beta +is an open list for bug reports about beta versions of XEmacs. This +includes the bug reports themselves, by both users and developers, as +well as queries, follow-ups, and discussions further determining their +nature and status. This is the primary channel for this kind of +discussion; related code changes will usually not be applied until +they have been discussed here. When such discussions touch on +significant changes to the code (in particular, structural changes), +or on changes to API's or external functionality, they should be moved +to ＠samp{xemacs-design}. Requests and proposals for non-bug-related +changes do not belong on ＠samp{xemacs-beta}, and should be sent to +＠samp{xemacs-design} instead. + +＠item xemacs-beta-ja +is an open list for bug +reports and design discussion related to Mule features, +including Japanese handling, in beta versions of XEmacs. +Japanese is the preferred language of discussion. For most +timely presentation to reviewers, please consider sending +appropriate discussion to ＠samp{xemacs-mule} or +＠samp{xemacs-design} in English when convenient for +the participants in discussion. When possible, bug reports +not related to Mule (including Japanese) should be reported on +＠samp{xemacs-beta} in English. + +＠item xemacs-buildreports +is an open list for +submission of build-reports on beta versions of XEmacs. For +information on what the build-reports should contain, please +see the `etc/BETA' file which is included in each beta +distribution. + +＠item xemacs-cvs +is a read-only list for notices +and information on what has been committed to the XEmacs CVS +trees, by whom, and for what. + +＠item xemacs-design +is an open list for +discussing the design of XEmacs. This includes discussion +about planned and ongoing changes to functionality and API +changes and additions as well as requests for them. This is +the primary channel for this kind of discussion; related code +changes will usually not be applied until they have been +discussed here. This does not include bug reports, which go +to ＠samp{xemacs-beta}. + +＠item xemacs-mule +is an open mailing list for +discussion of International extensions to XEmacs including +Mule, XIM, I18n issues, etc, and is not confined to +developmental issues. This list is not restricted to +English, postings in all languages are welcome. + +＠item xemacs-news +is an open list for discussion +and bug reporting for XEmacs. This mailing list is +bi-directionally gatewayed with the USENET newsgroup +comp.emacs.xemacs. + +＠item xemacs-nt +is a developers-only mailing +list and is intended for people who wish to work actively on +the porting of XEmacs to Microsoft Windows NT and Microsoft +Windows '95. + +＠item xemacs-patches +is an open, moderated +list for submission of patches to the XEmacs distribution +and its packages. Anyone may subscribe or submit to +xemacs-patches, but all submissions are reviewed by the list +moderator before they are distributed to the +list. Discussion is not appropriate on xemacs-patches. + +＠item xemacs-users-ja +is an open list for +discussion and bug reporting for XEmacs. Japanese is the +preferred language of discussion. It is not gated to +comp.emacs.xemacs or the ＠samp{xemacs} list. For +fastest response, bugs not specifically related to Japanese +or Mule features should be reported on +＠samp{xemacs-beta} (in English). + +＠item xemacs-users-ru +is an open list for +discussion and bug reporting for XEmacs. Russian is the +preferred language of discussion. It is not gated to +comp.emacs.xemacs or the ＠samp{xemacs} list. For +fastest response, bugs not specifically related to Russian +or Mule features should be reported on +＠samp{xemacs-beta} (in English). +＠end table + +＠node Q1.4.3, Q1.4.4, Q1.4.2, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.4.3: Where are the mailing lists archived? + +The archives can be found at ＠uref{http://list-archive.xemacs.org} + +＠node Q1.4.4, Q1.4.5, Q1.4.3, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.4.4: How can I get two instances of info? + +Before 21.4, you can't. The ＠code{info} package does not provide for +multiple info buffers. In 21.4, this should be fixed. #### how? + +＠node Q1.4.5, Q1.5.1, Q1.4.4, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.4.5: How do I add new Info directories? + +You use something like: + +＠lisp +(setq Info-directory-list (cons + (expand-file-name "~/info") + Info-default-directory-list)) +＠end lisp + +＠email{davidm＠(a)prism.kla.com, David Masterson} writes: + +＠quotation +Emacs Info and XEmacs Info do many things differently. If you're trying to +support a number of versions of Emacs, here are some notes to remember: + +＠enumerate +＠item +Emacs Info scans ＠code{Info-directory-list} from right-to-left while +XEmacs Info reads it from left-to-right, so append to the ＠emph{correct} +end of the list. -The message-catalog support was written but is badly bit-rotted. XEmacs -20 and 21 did ＠emph{not} support it, and early releases of XEmacs 22 -will not either. +＠item +Use ＠code{Info-default-directory-list} to initialize +＠code{Info-directory-list} ＠emph{if} it is available at startup, but not +all Emacsen define it. -However, menubar localization ＠emph{does} work. To enable it, add to -your ＠file{Emacs} file entries like this: +＠item +Emacs Info looks for a standard ＠file{dir} file in each of the +directories scanned from #1 and magically concatenates them together. -＠example -Emacs*XlwMenu.resourceLabels: True -Emacs*XlwMenu.file.labelString: Fichier -Emacs*XlwMenu.openInOtherWindow.labelString: In anderem Fenster oeffnen -＠end example +＠item +XEmacs Info looks for a ＠file{localdir} file (which consists of just the +menu entries from a ＠file{dir} file) in each of the directories scanned +from #1 (except the first), does a simple concatenation of them, and +magically attaches the resulting list to the end of the menu in the +＠file{dir} file in the first directory. +＠end enumerate -The name of the resource is derived from the non-localized entry by -removing punctuation and capitalizing as above. +Another alternative is to convert the documentation to HTML with +texi2html and read it from a web browser like Lynx or W3. +＠end quotation -＠node Q1.3.5, Q1.3.6, Q1.3.4, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.5: Please explain the various input methods in MULE/XEmacs +＠unnumberedsec 1.5: Contributing to XEmacs -Mule supports a wide variety of input methods. There are three basic -classes: Lisp implementations, generic platform support, and library -interfaces. +＠node Q1.5.1, Q1.5.2, Q1.4.5, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.5.1: How do I submit changes to the FAQ? -＠emph{Lisp implementations} include Quail, which provides table-driven input -methods for almost all the character sets that Mule supports (including -all of the ISO 8859 family, the Indic languages, Thai, and so on), and -SKK, for Japanese. (SKK also supports an interface to an external -"dictionary server" process.) Quail supports both typical "dead-key" -methods (eg, in the "latin-1-prefix" method, ＠kbd{" a} produces ä, LATIN -SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS), and the complex dictionary-based phonetic -methods used for Asian ideographic languages like Chinese. +The FAQ is actively maintained and modified regularly. All links should +be up to date. Unfortunately, some of the information is out of date -- +a situation which the FAQ maintainer is working on. All submissions are +welcome, please e-mail submissions to ＠email{faq＠(a)xemacs.org, XEmacs FAQ +maintainers}. -Lisp implementations can be less powerful (but they are not perceptibly -inefficient), and of course are not portable to non-Emacs applications. -The incompatibility can be very annoying. On the other hand, they -require no special platform support or external libraries, so if you can -display the characters, Mule can input them for you and you can edit, -anywhere. +Please make sure that ＠samp{XEmacs FAQ} appears on the Subject: line. +If you think you have a better way of answering a question, or think a +question should be included, we'd like to hear about it. Questions and +answers included into the FAQ will be edited for spelling and grammar +and will be attributed. Answers appearing without attribution are +either from versions of the FAQ dated before May 1996 or are from +previous FAQ maintainers. Answers quoted from Usenet news articles will +always be attributed, regardless of the author. -＠emph{Generic platform support} is currently limited to the X Input -Method (XIM) framework, although support for MSIME (for MS Windows) is -planned, and IIIMF (Sun's Internet-Intranet Input Method Framework) -support is extremely desirable. XIM is enabled at build time by use of -the ＠samp{--with-xim} flag to ＠code{configure}. For use of XIM, see -your platform documentation. However, normally the input method you use -is specified via the ＠samp{LANG} and ＠samp{XMODIFIERS} environment -variables. +＠node Q1.5.2, Q1.5.3, Q1.5.1, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.5.2: How do I become a beta tester? -Of course, input skills are portable across most applications. However, -especially in modern GUI systems the habit of using bucky bits has -fallen into sad disuse, and many XIM systems are poorly configured for -use with Emacs. For example, the kinput2 input manager (a separate -process providing an interface between Japanese dictionary servers such -as Canna and Wnn, and the application) tends to gobble up keystrokes -generating Meta characters. This means that to edit while using an XIM -input method, you must toggle the input method off every time you want -to use ＠kbd{M-f}. Your mileage may vary. +Send an email message to ＠email{xemacs-beta-request＠(a)xemacs.org} with +the line ＠samp{subscribe} in the body of the message. -＠emph{Library interfaces} are most common for Japanese, although Wnn -supports Chinese (traditional and simplified) and Korean. There are -Chinese and Korean input servers available, but we do not know of any -patches for XEmacs to use them directly. You can use them via -IM-enabled terminals, by manipulating the terminal coding systems. We -describe only the Japanese-oriented systems here. The advantage of -these systems is that they are very powerful, and on platforms where -they are available there is typically a wide range of applications that -support them. Thus your input skills are portable across applications. +Be prepared to get your hands dirty, as beta testers are expected to +identify problems as best they can. -Mule provides built-in interfaces to the following input methods: Wnn4, -Wnn6, Canna, and SJ3. These can be configured at build time. There are -patches available (no URL, sorry) to support the SKK server, as well. -Wnn and SJ3 use the ＠code{egg} user interface. The interface for Canna -is specialized to Canna. +＠node Q1.5.3, Q1.5.4, Q1.5.2, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.5.3: How do I contribute to XEmacs itself? -Wnn supports Japanese, Chinese and Korean. It is made by OMRON and Kyôto -University. It is a powerful and complex system. Wnn4 is free and Wnn6 -is not. Wnn uses grammatical hints and probability of word association, -so in principle Wnn can be cleverer than other methods. +It depends on the knowledge and time you possess. If you are able, by +all means become a beta tester (＠pxref{Q1.5.2}). If you are a +programmer, try to build XEmacs and see if you can improve it. -Canna, made by NEC, supports only Japanese. It is a simple and powerful -system. Canna uses only grammar, but its grammar and dictionary are -quite sophisticated. So for standard modern Japanese, Canna seems -cleverer than Wnn4. In addition, the UNIX version of Canna is free (now -there is a Microsoft Windows version). +Otherwise, you can still help by using XEmacs as your everyday editor +(for pre-built binary versions, ＠pxref{Q1.1.2}) and reporting bugs you +find to the mailing list. -SJ3, by Sony, supports only Japanese. +Another area where we need help is the documentation: We need good +documentation for building XEmacs and for using it. This FAQ is a +small step in that direction. -Egg consists of following parts: +Ben Wing ＠email{ben＠(a)xemacs.org} writes: -＠enumerate +＠quotation +BTW if you have a wish list of things that you want added, you have to +speak up about it! More specifically, you can do the following if you +want a feature added (in increasing order of usefulness): + +＠itemize ＠bullet ＠item -Input character Translation System (ITS) layer. -It translates ASCII inputs to Kana/PinYin/Hangul characters. +Make a posting about a feature you want added. ＠item -Kana/PinYin/Hangul to Kanji transfer layer. -The interface layer to network Kana-Kanji server (Wnn and Sj3). -＠end enumerate +Become a beta tester and make more postings about those same features. -These input methods are modal. They have a raw (alphabet) mode, a -phonetic input mode, and Kana-Kanji transfer mode. However there are -mode-less input methods for Egg and Canna. ＠samp{boiled-egg} is a -mode-less input method running on Egg. For Canna, ＠samp{canna.el} has a -tiny boiled-egg-like command, ＠code{(canna-boil)}, and there are some -boiled-egg-like utilities. +＠item +Convince us that you're going to use the features in some cool and +useful way. -Much of this information was provided by ＠email{morioka＠(a)jaist.ac.jp, -MORIOKA Tomohiko}. +＠item +Come up with a clear and well-thought-out API concerning the features. -＠node Q1.3.6, Q1.3.7, Q1.3.5, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.6: How do I portably code for MULE/XEmacs? +＠item +Write the code to implement a feature and send us a patch. +＠end itemize -MULE has evolved rapidly over the last few years, and the original third -party patch (for GNU Emacs 19), GNU Emacs 20+, and XEmacs 20+ have quite -different implementations. The APIs also vary although recent versions -of XEmacs have tended to converge to the GNU Emacs standard. +(not that we're necessarily requiring you to write the code, but we can +always hope :) +＠end quotation -MULE implementations are going to continue to evolve. Both GNU Emacs -and XEmacs are working hard on Unicode support, which will involve new -APIs and probably variations on old ones. For XEmacs 22, the old ISO -2022-based system for recognizing encodings will be replaced by a much -more flexible system, which should improve accuracy of automatic coding -detections, but will also involve new APIs. +＠node Q1.5.4, Q1.5.5, Q1.5.3, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.5.4: How do I get started developing XEmacs? -＠email{morioka＠(a)jaist.ac.jp, MORIOKA Tomohiko} writes: +First, get yourself set up under CVS so that you can access the CVS +repositories containing the XEmacs sources and the XEmacs packages. -＠quotation -The application implementor must write separate code for these mule -variants. [Please don't hesitate to report these variants to us; they -are not, strictly speaking, bugs, but they give third-party developers -the same kind of creepy-crawly feeling. We'll do what we can. -- Ed.] +Next, set up your layout. This is important, as a good layout will +facilitate getting things done efficiently, while a bad layout will could +lead to disaster, as you can't figure out which code is the most recent, +which can be thrown away, etc. We suggest the following layout: (feel free +to make changes) -MULE and the next version of Emacs are similar but the symbols are very -different---requiring separate code as well. +＠itemize ＠bullet +＠item +Everything goes under ＠file{/src/xemacs} (use a different directory if +you want). From now, instead of saying ＠file{/src/xemacs}, we use +＠file{<xsrc-top>}, to make it easier in case someone picked a +different directory. -Namely we must support 3 kinds of mule variants and 4 or 5 or 6 kinds of -emacs variants... (;_;) I'm shocked, so I wrote a wrapper package called -＠code{emu} to provide a common interface. [There is an XEmacs package -of APEL which provides much more comprehensive coverage. Be careful, -however; APEL has problems of its own. -- Ed.] +＠item +Package source is in ＠file{<xsrc-top>/package-src}. -I have the following suggestions about dealing with mule variants: +＠item +Installed packages go under ＠file{<xsrc-top>/xemacs-packages}, and +＠file{<xsrc-top>/mule-packages}. + +＠item +A "workspace" is a complete copy of the sources, in which you do work of +a particular kind. Workspaces can be differentiated by which branch of +the source tree they extend off of -- usually either the stable or +experimental, unless other branches have been created (for example, Ben +created a branch for his Mule work because (1) the project was long-term +and involved an enormous number of changes, (2) people wanted to be able +to look at what his work in progress, and (3) he wanted to be able to +check things in and in general use source-code control, since it was a +long-term project). Workspaces are also differentiated in what their +purpose is -- general working workspace, workspace for particular +projects, workspace keeping the latest copy of the code in one of the +branches without mods, etc. +＠item +Various workspaces are subdirectories under ＠file{<xsrc-top>}, e.g.: + ＠itemize ＠bullet ＠item -＠code{(featurep 'mule)} ＠code{t} on all mule variants +＠file{<xsrc-top>/working} (the workspace you're actively working on, +periodically synched up with the latest trunk) ＠item -＠code{(boundp 'MULE)} is ＠code{t} on only MULE. Maybe the next version -of Emacs will not have this symbol. +＠file{<xsrc-top>/stable} (for making changes to the stable version of +XEmacs, which sits on a branch) ＠item -MULE has a variable ＠code{mule-version}. Perhaps the next version of -Emacs will have this variable as well. +＠file{<xsrc-top>/unsigned-removal} (a workspace for a specific, difficult +task that's going to affect lots of source and take a long time, and +so best done in its own workspace without the interference of other +work you're doing. Also, you can commit just this one large change, +separate from all the other changes). + +＠item +＠file{<xsrc-top>/latest} (a copy of the latest sources on the trunk, +i.e. the experimental version of XEmacs, with no patches in it; +either update it periodically, by hand, or set up a cron job to do it +automatically). Set it up so it can be built, and build it so you +have a working XEmacs. (Building it might also go into the cron job.) + +This workspace serves a number of purposes: +＠enumerate +＠item +You always have a recent version of XEmacs you can compare +against when something you're working on breaks. It's true +that you can do this with cvs diff, but when you need to do +some serious investigation, this method just fails. +＠item +You (almost) always have a working, up-to-date executable that +can be used when your executable is crashing and you need to +keep developing it, or when you need an `xemacs' to build +packages, etc. +＠item +When creating new workspaces, you can just copy the `latest' +workspace using GNU ＠code{cp -a}. You have all the .elc's built, +everything else probably configured, any spare files in place +(e.g. some annoying xpm.dll under Windows, etc.). +＠end enumerate + +＠item +＠file{<xsrc-top>/latest-stable/} (equivalent to ＠file{<xsrc-top>/latest/}, but +for the Stable branch of XEmacs, rather than the Experimental branch +of XEmacs). This may or may not be necessary depending on how much +development you do of the stable branch. ＠end itemize -Following is a sample to distinguish mule variants: +＠item +＠file{<xsrc-top>/xemacsweb} is a workspace for working on the XEmacs +web site. -＠lisp -(if (featurep 'mule) - (cond ((boundp 'MULE) - ;; for original Mule - ) - ((string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version) - ;; for XEmacs with Mule - ) - (t - ;; for next version of Emacs - )) - ;; for old emacs variants - ) -＠end lisp -＠end quotation +＠item +＠file{<xsrc-top>/in-patches} for patches received from email and saved +to files. -＠node Q1.3.7, Q1.3.8, Q1.3.6, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.7: How about Cyrillic Modes? +＠item +＠file{<xsrc-top>/out-patches} for locally-generated patches to be sent +to ＠email{xemacs-patches＠(a)xemacs.org}. Less useful now that the +patcher util has been developed. + +＠item +＠file{<xsrc-top>/build}, for build trees when compiling and testing XEmacs with +various configuration options turned off and on. The scripts in +xemacs-builds/ben (see below) can be used to automate building XEmacs +workspaces with many different configuration options and automatically +filtering out the normal output so that you see only the abnormal +output. + +＠item +＠file{<xsrc-top>/xemacs-builds}, for the xemacs-builds module, which you need +to check out separately in CVS. This contains scripts used for building +XEmacs, automating and simplifying using CVS, etc. Under various +people's directories are their own build and other scripts. The +currently most-maintained scripts are under ben/, where there are easily +configurable scripts that can be used to easily build any workspace +(esp. if you've more or less followed the layout presented above) +unattended, with one or more configuration states (there's a +pre-determined list of the most useful, but it's easy to change). The +output is filtered and split up in various ways so that you can identify +which output came from where, and you can see the output either full or +with all "normal" output except occasional status messages filtered so +that you only see the abnormal ones. +＠end itemize -＠email{ilya＠(a)math.ohio-state.edu, Ilya Zakharevich} writes: +＠node Q1.5.5, Q1.6.1, Q1.5.4, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.5.5: What's the basic layout of the code? -＠quotation -There is a cyrillic mode in the file ＠file{mysetup.zip} in -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠uref{ftp://ftp.math.ohio-state.edu/pub/users/ilya/emacs/}. This is a -modification to ＠email{ava＠(a)math.jhu.ed, Valery Alexeev's} ＠file{russian.el} -which can be obtained from -＠end quotation +The file ＠file{configure} is a shell script to acclimate XEmacs to the +oddities of your processor and operating system. It will create a +file named ＠file{Makefile} (a script for the ＠file{make} program), which helps +automate the process of building and installing emacs. See INSTALL +for more detailed information. + +The file ＠file{configure.in} is the input used by the autoconf program to +construct the ＠file{configure} script. Since XEmacs has configuration +requirements that autoconf can't meet, ＠file{configure.in} uses an unholy +marriage of custom-baked configuration code and autoconf macros; it +may be wise to avoid rebuilding ＠file{configure} from ＠file{configure.in} when +possible. + +The file ＠file{Makefile.in} is a template used by ＠file{configure} to create +＠file{Makefile}. + +There are several subdirectories: + +＠enumerate +＠item +＠file{src} holds the C code for XEmacs (the XEmacs Lisp interpreter and its +primitives, the redisplay code, and some basic editing functions). +＠item +＠file{lisp} holds the XEmacs Lisp code for XEmacs (most everything else). +＠item +＠file{lib-src} holds the source code for some utility programs for use by +or with XEmacs, like movemail and etags. +＠item +＠file{etc} holds miscellaneous architecture-independent data files +XEmacs uses, like the tutorial text. The contents of the ＠file{lisp}, +＠file{info} and ＠file{man} subdirectories are architecture-independent too. +＠item +＠file{lwlib} holds the C code for the X toolkit objects used by XEmacs. +＠item +＠file{info} holds the Info documentation tree for XEmacs. +＠item +＠file{man} holds the source code for the XEmacs online documentation. +＠item +＠file{nt} holds files used compiling XEmacs under Microsoft Windows. +＠end enumerate + +＠unnumberedsec 1.6: Politics (XEmacs vs. GNU Emacs) + +＠node Q1.6.1, Q1.6.2, Q1.5.5, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.6.1: What is GNU Emacs? + +GNU Emacs and XEmacs are related open-source text editors. Both +derive from GNU Emacs version 18; the split between the two happened +in 1991 (for comparison, the oldest versions of GNU Emacs date from +1984). For information on GNU Emacs, see +＠uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/emacs.html}. + +＠node Q1.6.2, Q1.6.3, Q1.6.1, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.6.2: How does XEmacs differ from GNU Emacs? + +For a detailed description of the differences between GNU Emacs and +XEmacs and a detailed history of XEmacs, check out the +＠example +＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/About/XEmacsVsGNUemacs.html, NEWS file} +＠end example + +＠table ＠strong +＠item User-Visible Editing Features +XEmacs in general tries hard to conform to exist user-interface +standards, and to work "out-of-the-box" without the need for obscure +customization changes. GNU Emacs, particularly version 21, has gotten +better about this (in many cases by copying the XEmacs behavior!), but +still has some weirdnesses. For example, the standard method of +selecting text using the Shift key works out-of-the-box in XEmacs. + +XEmacs has a built-in toolbar. Four toolbars can actually be configured +simultaneously: top, bottom, left, and right toolbars. + +XEmacs has vertical and horizontal scrollbars. Unlike in GNU Emacs 19 +(which provides a primitive form of vertical scrollbar), these are true +toolkit scrollbars. A look-alike Motif scrollbar is provided for those +who don't have Motif. (Even for those who do, the look-alike may be +preferable as it is faster.) + +XEmacs has buffer tabs along the top of the frame (although the +position can be changed) that make it very easy to switch buffers. + +The menubar under XEmacs is better-designed, with more thought put into +it. + +XEmacs can ask questions using popup dialog boxes. Any command executed +from a menu will ask yes/no questions with dialog boxes, while commands +executed via the keyboard will use the minibuffer. + +XEmacs under MS Windows provides uses the standard file-dialog box for +opening and saving files. Standard menu-accelerator behavior can easily +be enabled using the Options menu, and integrates well into the existing +keymap. + +XEmacs has (still experimental) support for widgets of various sorts -- +buttons, text boxes, sliders, progress bars, etc. A progress bar is +used in font lock to show the progress. + +Experimental support for drag-and-drop protocols is provided from +XEmacs 21. + +＠item General Platform Support +If you're running on a machine with audio hardware, you can specify +sound files for XEmacs to play instead of the default X beep. See the +documentation of the function load-sound-file and the variable +sound-alist. XEmacs also supports the network sound protocols NAS and +EsounD. + +XEmacs 21 supports database protocols with LISP bindings, currently +including Berkeley DB, LDAP, and PostgreSQL (21.2 only). + +XEmacs 20 and 21 support the Canna, Wnn, and SJ3 Japanese input method +servers directly, as well as through the X Input Method (XIM) +protocol. GNU Emacs 20 supports only the XIM protocol. Both Emacsen +support the Quail family of input methods (implemented in LISP) for many +languages. + +XEmacs provides support for ToolTalk on systems that have +it. + +＠item Packaged LISP Libraries +Many more packages are provided standard with XEmacs than with GNU Emacs +19 or 20. + +XEmacs 21 supports an integrated package management system which uses +EFS to download, then automatically install prebuilt LISP +libraries. This allows XEmacs users much more straightforward access to +the "latest and greatest" version of any given library. + +We are working on a standard method for enabling, disabling and +otherwise controlling packages, which should make them very easy to use. + +＠item LISP Programming +From XEmacs 20 on, characters are a separate type. Characters can be +converted to integers (and many integers can be converted to +characters), but characters are not integers. GNU Emacs 19, XEmacs 19, +Mule 2.3 (an extensive patch to GNU Emacs 18.55 and 19.x), and GNU Emacs +20 (incorporating Mule 3 and later Mule 4) represent them as integers. + +From XEmacs 20 on, the buffer is treated as an array of characters, and +the representation of buffer text is not exposed to LISP. The GNU Emacs +20 functions like buffer-as-multibyte are not supported. + +In XEmacs, events are first-class objects. GNU Emacs 19 represents them +as integers, which obscures the differences between a key gesture and +the ancient ASCII code used to represent a particular overlapping subset +of them. + +In XEmacs, keymaps are first-class opaque objects. GNU Emacs 19 +represents them as complicated combinations of association lists and +vectors. If you use the advertised functional interface to manipulation +of keymaps, the same code will work in XEmacs, GNU Emacs 18, and GNU +Emacs 19; if your code depends on the underlying implementation of +keymaps, it will not. + +XEmacs uses "extents" to represent all non-textual aspects of buffers; +GNU Emacs 19 uses two distinct objects, "text properties" and +"overlays", which divide up the functionality between them. Extents are +a superset of the union of the functionality of the two GNU Emacs data +types. The full GNU Emacs 19 interface to text properties and overlays +is supported in XEmacs (with extents being the underlying +representation). + +Extents can be made to be copied into strings, and then restored, by +kill and yank. Thus, one can specify this behavior on either "extents" +or "text properties", whereas in GNU Emacs 19 text properties always +have this behavior and overlays never do. + +＠item Window System Programming Interface +XEmacs uses the MIT "Xt" toolkit instead of raw Xlib calls, which makes +it be a more well-behaved X citizen (and also improves portability). A +result of this is that it is possible to include other Xt "Widgets" in +the XEmacs window. Also, XEmacs understands the standard Xt command-line +arguments. + +XEmacs supports Motif applications, generic Xt (e.g. Athena) +applications, and raw Xlib applications. An XEmacs variant which +supports GTK+ is available (integration as an option in the XEmacs +mainline is planned for XEmacs 22), although code to take advantage of +the support is as yet scarce. + +An XEmacs frame can be placed within an "external client widget" managed +by another application. This allows an application to use an XEmacs +frame as its text pane rather than the standard Text widget that is +provided with Motif or Athena. + +＠item Community Participation +Joining the XEmacs development team is simple. Mail to +＠email{xemacs-beta＠(a)xemacs.org, XEmacs Developers}, and you're in! (If +you want to be, of course. You're also welcome to just post +development-related questions and bug reports.) The GNU Emacs +development team and internal mailing lists are still by invitation +only. + +The "bleeding edge" of mainline XEmacs development is available by +anonymous CVS as are some subsidiary branches (check out the xemacs-gtk +module for the latest in GUI features!) + +Development and maintenance of Lisp libraries is separated from the core +editor development at a fairly low level. This provides better +modularization and a better division of responsibility between external +library maintainers and the XEmacs core development team. Even for +packages the size of Gnus, XEmacs users normally have access to a +pre-built version within a few weeks of a major release, and minor +updates often within days. + +CVS commit authority is broadly dispersed. Recognized maintainers of +LISP libraries who are willing to maintain XEmacs packaged versions +automatically qualify for CVS accounts for their packages. +＠end table + +＠node Q1.6.3, Q1.6.4, Q1.6.2, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.6.3: How much does XEmacs differ? + +RMS has asserted at times that XEmacs is merely a "patch" on top of +GNU Emacs (＠pxref{Q1.6.4}). In fact, probably not more than 5% of the +code, if that, remains unchanged, and nearly 14 years of work has gone +into XEmacs at this point. (GNU Emacs itself is only than 20 years +old, and thus XEmacs has existed as a separate product for over 2/3 of +the lifespan of GNU Emacs.) As a point of comparison, XEmacs 21.5 has +perhaps 65,000 more lines of C code than GNU Emacs 21.2. + +However, the XEmacs developers strive to keep their code compatible with +GNU Emacs, especially on the Lisp level. Much effort goes into +"synching" the XEmacs Elisp code with recent GNU Emacs releases so as to +benefit from GNU Emacs development work. (In contrast, almost no code +from XEmacs has made it into GNU Emacs, and in fact the GNU Emacs +developers are instructed by RMS not to even look at XEmacs source code! +This stems from self-imposed licensing restrictions on the part of GNU +Emacs -- and almost certainly out of hostility, as well.) + +＠node Q1.6.4, Q1.6.5, Q1.6.3, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.6.4: Is XEmacs "GNU"? + +RMS insists on the term "GNU XEmacs" and maintains that + +＠quotation +XEmacs is GNU software because it's a modified version of a +GNU program. And it is GNU software because the FSF is the copyright +holder for most of it, and therefore the legal responsibility for +protecting its free status falls on us whether we want it or not. This +is why the term "GNU XEmacs" is legitimate. +＠end quotation + +In fact, FSF is ＠emph{not} the copyright holder for most of the code, +as very little unmodified FSF code remains (＠pxref{Q1.6.3}). + +Furthermore, RMS's assertion that XEmacs is "GNU" seems rather bizarre +to the XEmacs developers given RMS's hostility and general lack of +interest in cooperation. "GNU" software in general is part of the GNU +Project, is distributed by it on their FTP site, and receives support +(or at least cooperation), as well as implicit endorsement, from it. +The GNU Project, however, has never supported XEmacs and never +distributed XEmacs, and RMS's hostility is the farthest thing possible +from an endorsement. In fact, the GNU Project distributes a number of +non-GNU software projects on the FSF web site, but again XEmacs is not +one of them. + +＠node Q1.6.5, Q1.6.6, Q1.6.4, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.6.5: What is the correct way to refer to XEmacs and GNU Emacs? + +Unfortunately even the naming of these two applications has become +politicized. Much of this stems from RMS, who has a history of +politicizing similar issues. (Compare the controversy over "Lignux" +and "GNU/Linux".) We would prefer that the terms "XEmacs" and "GNU +Emacs" be used, which are neutral and acceptable to most people. RMS, +however, is not willing to accept these terms. He insists that, if +his product is called "GNU Emacs", then ours must be called "GNU +XEmacs". (For our opinion of this term, ＠xref{Q1.6.4}.) On the other +hand, if our product is to be called "XEmacs", as we prefer, then his +product must simply be called "Emacs". The intent of this seems +clear: RMS wants to make sure the names reflect his view that his +version is the "real" Emacs and ours is merely a derivative, +second-class product (＠pxref{Q1.6.3}). + +The XEmacs developers hope that you will use the neutral terms +"XEmacs" and "GNU Emacs" for these two specific products. "Emacs", on +the other hand, is a generic term for a class of programmable text +editors with a similar look-and-feel, and usually a Lisp-based +extension language. These trace themselves back to early editors such +as EINE, ZWEI, ZMACS and Multics Emacs. ＠xref{A History of Emacs,,, +internals, XEmacs Internals Manual}. + +We also call upon RMS, in the spirit of furthering cooperation, to +stop politicizing this issue and use the neutral terms "XEmacs" and +"GNU Emacs". We have already acceded to RMS' wishes in this respect, +and we expect him to do the same. (In the past, the XEmacs developers +often used the terms "FSF Emacs" or "FSFmacs" or "RMSmacs" in +reference to GNU Emacs; these terms were apparently modeled after RMS' +own usage of "Gosmacs" and "Gosling Emacs" in reference to Unipress +Emacs, produced by James Gosling. RMS, however, considers such terms +to be insulting, so we refrain from using them as much as possible in +preference to GNU Emacs.) + +＠node Q1.6.6, Q1.7.1, Q1.6.5, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.6.6: Why haven't XEmacs and GNU Emacs merged? + +There are currently irreconcilable differences in the views about +technical, programming, design, organizational and legal matters +between Richard Stallman (RMS), the author and leader of the GNU Emacs +project, and the XEmacs development team which provide little hope for +a merge to take place in the short-term future. There have been +repeated attempts at merging by all of the major XEmacs developers, +starting from the early days of Lucid Emacs (in 1991), but they have +all failed. RMS has very strong views about how GNU Emacs should be +structured and how his project should be run, and during the repeated +merge efforts has never demonstrated any realistic interest in +sufficiently compromising or ceding control to allow a middle ground +to be found. The basic problem seems to be the very different goals +of RMS and the XEmacs project. The primary goals of the XEmacs +project are technical and organizational -- we want to create the best +editor possible, and to make it as easy as possible for people around +the world to contribute. The primary goals of RMS, on the other hand, +are political, and GNU Emacs, and any potential merge efforts with +XEmacs, are strictly subservient to these goals. In fact, in many +ways RMS sees GNU Emacs as the "poster child" of his aims, the one +program in the GNU project that above all others must set an example +to the world. (This has to do with the fact that GNU Emacs was the +first program in the GNU project, and the only one that he is still +personally involved with on a day-to-day basis.) Given his goals, his +position is completely reasonable -- but unfortunately, makes any +merge impossible. + +From the XEmacs perspective, the most intractable issues appear to be +legal and organizational, specifically: + +＠itemize ＠bullet +＠item +RMS requires "legal papers" to be signed for all contributions of code +to GNU Emacs over 10 lines or so, transferring the copyright and all +legal rights to the code to the Free Software Foundation. XEmacs does +not and has never required this, since it has the practical effect of +discouraging individual and in particular corporate contributions -- +corporations will almost never sign away their legal rights to code +since it makes it impossible to reuse the code in any product that +whose license is not compatible with the GNU General Public License. +Since RMS has shown no inclination to compromise on this issue, a +merge would require that most of the existing XEmacs code would need +to be thrown away and rewritten -- something the XEmacs developers are +understandably reluctant to do. + +＠item +A repeated stumbling block in the merge talks has been the issue of +organizational control over the resulting product. RMS has made it +clear that he intends to have final say over design issues in a merged +Emacs. Unfortunately, RMS and the XEmacs developers have repeatedly +clashed over design decisions, and RMS' insistence on getting his way +in such disagreements was the very reason for the split in the first +place. This same issue has come up again and again in merge talks and +we have never been able to come to a satisfactory resolution. To the +extent that RMS is willing to compromise at all, it appears to be of a +purely political rather than technical nature -- "If we support this +feature of yours, we also get to support this other feature of mine." +The XEmacs developers cannot see how such a process would lead to +anything but a mess of incompatible things hodgepodged together. + +＠item +Because of the years of separate development, distinct and +incompatible interfaces have developed and merging would be extremely +difficult even with the above non-technical issues resolved. The +problem has been exacerbated by the issue of legal papers -- because +XEmacs code is not "kosher" from RMS' perspective, he discourages +developers from even looking at it out of legal concerns. Although it +is still possible to read the XEmacs documentation and run the +program, the practical effect of this prohibition has been to strongly +discourage code-sharing and cooperative development -- although a +great deal of GNU Emacs code has been incorporated into XEmacs, +practically none has gone the other direction. +＠end itemize -＠uref{http://www.math.uga.edu/~valery/russian.el}. +If you have a comment to add regarding the merge, it is a good idea to +avoid posting to the newsgroups, because of the very heated flamewars +that often result. Mail your questions to +＠email{xemacs-beta＠(a)xemacs.org} and ＠email{emacs-devel＠(a)gnu.org}. -＠email{d.barsky＠(a)ee.surrey.ac.uk, Dima Barsky} writes: +＠unnumberedsec 1.7: External Packages -＠quotation -There is another cyrillic mode for both GNU Emacs and XEmacs by -＠email{manin＠(a)camelot.mssm.edu, Dmitrii -(Mitya) Manin} at -＠iftex +＠node Q1.7.1, Q1.7.2, Q1.6.6, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.7.1: What is the package system? -＠end iftex -＠uref{http://kulichki-lat.rambler.ru/centrolit/manin/cyr.el}. -＠c Link above, <URL:http://camelot.mssm.edu/~manin/cyr.el> was dead. -＠c Changed to russian host instead -＠end quotation +In order to reduce the size and increase the maintainability of +XEmacs, the majority of the Elisp packages that came with previous +releases have been unbundled. They have been replaced by the package +system. Each elisp add-on (or groups of them when they are small) now +comes in its own tarball that contains a small search hierarchy. -＠email{rebecca.ore＠(a)op.net, Rebecca Ore} writes: +You select just the ones you need. Install them by untarring them into +the right place. On startup XEmacs will find them, set up the load +path correctly, install autoloads, etc, etc. -＠quotation -The fullest resource I found on Russian language use (in and out of -XEmacs) is ＠uref{http://www.ibiblio.org/sergei/Software/Software.html} -＠end quotation +(a)xref{Q2.1.1}, for more info on how to download and install the packages. -＠node Q1.3.8, Q1.3.9, Q1.3.7, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.8: Does XEmacs support Unicode? +＠node Q1.7.2, Q1.7.3, Q1.7.1, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.7.2: Which external packages are there? -Partially, as an external encoding for files, processes, and terminals. -It does not yet support Unicode fonts ＠ref{Q1.3.9, Does XEmacs support -Unicode Fonts?} +＠subheading Normal Packages -To get Unicode support, you need a Mule-enabled XEmacs. Install -Mule-UCS from packages in the usual way. Put +A very broad collection of elisp packages. -＠example -(require 'un-define) -(set-coding-priority-list '(utf-8)) -(set-coding-category-system 'utf-8 'utf-8) -＠end example +＠table ＠asis +＠item Sun +Support for Sparcworks. -in your init file to enable the UTF-8 coding system. You may wish to -view the documentation of ＠code{set-coding-priority-list} if you find -that files that are not UTF-8 are being mis-recognized as UTF-8. +＠item ada +Ada language support. -Install standard national fonts (not Unicode fonts) for all -character sets you use. See ＠ref{Q1.3.9}. +＠item apel +A Portable Emacs Library. Used by XEmacs MIME support. -Mule-UCS also supports 16-bit forms of Unicode (UTF-16). It does not -support 31-bit forms of Unicode (UTF-32 or UCS-4). +＠item auctex +Basic TeX/LaTeX support. -＠node Q1.3.9, Q1.4.1, Q1.3.8, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.3.9: How does XEmacs display Unicode? +＠item bbdb +The Big Brother Data Base: a rolodex-like database program. -Mule doesn't have a Unicode charset internally, so there's nothing to -bind a Unicode registry to. It would not be straightforward to create, -either, because Unicode is not ISO 2022-compatible. You'd have to -translate it to multiple 96x96 pages. +＠item build +Build XEmacs from within (UNIX, Windows). -This means that Mule-UCS uses ordinary national fonts for display. This -is not really a problem, except for those languages that use the Unified -Han characters. The problem here is that Mule-UCS maps from Unicode -code points to national character sets in a deterministic way. By -default, this means that Japanese fonts are tried first, then Chinese, -then Korean. To change the priority ordering, use the command -`un-define-change-charset-order'. +＠item c-support +Basic single-file add-ons for editing C code. -It also means you can't use Unicode fonts directly, at least not without -extreme hackery. You can run -nw with (set-terminal-coding-system -'utf-8) if you really want a Unicode font for some reason. +＠item calc +Emacs calculator. -Real Unicode support will be introduced in XEmacs 22.0. +＠item calendar +Calendar and diary support. -＠node Q1.4.1, Q1.4.2, Q1.3.9, Introduction -＠unnumberedsec 1.4: Getting Started, Backing up & Recovery -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.4.1: What is an ＠file{init.el} or ＠file{.emacs} and is there a sample one? +＠item cc-mode +C, C++, Objective-C, Java, CORBA IDL, Pike and AWK language support. -The ＠file{init.el} or ＠file{.emacs} file is used to customize XEmacs to -your tastes. Starting in 21.4, the preferred location for the init file -is ＠file{~/.xemacs/init.el}; in previous versions, it was -(a)file{~/.emacs}. 21.4 still accepts the old location, but the first -time you run it, it will ask to migrate your file to the new location. -If you answer yes, the file will be moved, and a "compatibility" -(a)file{.emacs} file will be placed in the old location so that you can -still run older versions of XEmacs, and versions of GNU Emacs, which -expect the old location. The ＠file{.emacs} file present is just a stub -that loads the real file in ＠file{~/.xemacs/init.el}. +＠item clearcase +New Clearcase Version Control for XEmacs (UNIX, Windows). -No two init files are alike, nor are they expected to be alike, but -that's the point. The XEmacs distribution contains an excellent starter -example in the ＠file{etc/} directory called ＠file{sample.init.el} -(starting in 21.4) or ＠file{sample.emacs} in older versions. Copy this -file from there to ＠file{~/.xemacs/init.el} (starting in 21.4) or -(a)file{~/.emacs} in older versions, where ＠samp{~} means your home -directory, of course. Then edit it to suit. +＠item clearcase +Support for the Clearcase version control system. -You may bring the ＠file{sample.init.el} or ＠file{sample.emacs} file into -an XEmacs buffer from the menubar. (The menu entry for it is always -under the ＠samp{Help} menu, but its location under that has changed in -various versions. Recently, look under the ＠samp{Samples} submenu.) To -determine the location of the ＠file{etc/} directory type the command -＠kbd{C-h v data-directory ＠key{RET}}. +＠item cookie +"Fortune cookie"-style messages. Includes Spook (suspicious phrases) +and Yow (Zippy quotes). -＠node Q1.4.2, Q1.4.3, Q1.4.1, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.4.2: Can I use the same ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} with the other Emacs? +＠item crisp +Crisp/Brief emulation. -Yes. The sample ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} included in the XEmacs -distribution will show you how to handle different versions and flavors -of Emacs. +＠item debug +GUD, gdb, dbx debugging support. -＠node Q1.4.3, Q1.4.4, Q1.4.2, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.4.3: Any good tutorials around? +＠item dictionary +Interface to RFC2229 dictionary servers. -There's the XEmacs tutorial available from the Help Menu under -＠samp{Basics->Tutorials}, or by typing ＠kbd{C-h t}. To check whether -it's available in a non-english language, type ＠kbd{C-u C-h t TAB}, type -the first letters of your preferred language, then type ＠key{RET}. +＠item dired +The DIRectory EDitor is for manipulating, and running commands on +files in a directory. -＠comment There's an Emacs Lisp tutorial at -＠comment -＠comment ＠example -＠comment ＠uref{ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/emacs-lisp-intro-1.04.tar.gz}. -＠comment ＠end example -＠comment -＠comment ＠email{erik＠(a)petaxp.rug.ac.be, Erik Sundermann} has made a tutorial web -＠comment page at -＠comment ＠iftex -＠comment ＠* -＠comment ＠end iftex -＠comment ＠uref{http://petaxp.rug.ac.be/~erik/xemacs/}. +＠item docbookide +DocBook editing support. -＠node Q1.4.4, Q1.4.5, Q1.4.3, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.4.4: May I see an example of a useful XEmacs Lisp function? +＠item ecb +Emacs source code browser. -The following function does a little bit of everything useful. It does -something with the prefix argument, it examines the text around the -cursor, and it's interactive so it may be bound to a key. It inserts -copies of the current word the cursor is sitting on at the cursor. If -you give it a prefix argument: ＠kbd{C-u 3 M-x double-word} then it will -insert 3 copies. +＠item ecrypto +Crypto functionality in Emacs Lisp. -＠lisp -(defun double-word (count) - "Insert a copy of the current word underneath the cursor" - (interactive "*p") - (let (here there string) - (save-excursion - (forward-word -1) - (setq here (point)) - (forward-word 1) - (setq there (point)) - (setq string (buffer-substring here there))) - (while (>= count 1) - (insert string) - (decf count)))) -＠end lisp +＠item edebug +An Emacs Lisp debugger. -The best way to see what is going on here is to let XEmacs tell you. -Put the code into an XEmacs buffer, and do a ＠kbd{C-h f} with the cursor -sitting just to the right of the function you want explained. Eg. move -the cursor to the SPACE between ＠code{interactive} and ＠samp{"*p"} and -hit ＠kbd{C-h f} to see what the function ＠code{interactive} does. Doing -this will tell you that the ＠code{*} requires a writable buffer, and -＠code{p} converts the prefix argument to a number, and -＠code{interactive} allows you to execute the command with ＠kbd{M-x}. +＠item ediff +Interface over GNU patch. -＠node Q1.4.5, Q1.4.6, Q1.4.4, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.4.5: And how do I bind it to a key? +＠item edit-utils +Miscellaneous editor extensions, you probably need this. -To bind to a key do: +＠item edt +DEC EDIT/EDT emulation. -＠lisp -(global-set-key "\C-cd" 'double-word) -＠end lisp +＠item efs +Treat files on remote systems the same as local files. -Or interactively, ＠kbd{M-x global-set-key} and follow the prompts. +＠item eieio +Enhanced Implementation of Emacs Interpreted Objects. -＠node Q1.4.6, , Q1.4.5, Introduction -＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.4.6: What's the difference between a macro and a function? +＠item elib +Portable Emacs Lisp utilities library. -Quoting from the Lisp Reference (a.k.a ＠dfn{Lispref}) Manual: +＠item emerge +Another interface over GNU patch. -＠dfn{Macros} enable you to define new control constructs and other -language features. A macro is defined much like a function, but instead -of telling how to compute a value, it tells how to compute another Lisp -expression which will in turn compute the value. We call this -expression the ＠dfn{expansion} of the macro. +＠item erc +ERC is an Emacs InternetRelayChat client. -Macros can do this because they operate on the unevaluated expressions -for the arguments, not on the argument values as functions do. They can -therefore construct an expansion containing these argument expressions -or parts of them. +＠item escreen +Multiple editing sessions withing a single frame (like screen). -Do not confuse the two terms with ＠dfn{keyboard macros}, which are -another matter, entirely. A keyboard macro is a key bound to several -other keys. Refer to manual for details. +＠item eshell +Command shell implemented entirely in Emacs Lisp. -＠node Installation, Customization, Introduction, Top -＠unnumbered 2 Installation and Trouble Shooting +＠item ess +ESS: Emacs Speaks Statistics. -This is part 2 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This -section is devoted to Installation, Maintenance and Trouble Shooting. +＠item eterm +Terminal emulation. -＠menu -Installation: -* Q2.0.1:: Running XEmacs without installing. -* Q2.0.2:: XEmacs is too big. -* Q2.0.3:: Compiling XEmacs with Netaudio. -* Q2.0.4:: Problems with Linux and ncurses. -* Q2.0.5:: Do I need X11 to run XEmacs? -* Q2.0.6:: I'm having strange crashes. What do I do? -* Q2.0.7:: Libraries in non-standard locations. -* Q2.0.8:: can't resolve symbol _h_errno -* Q2.0.9:: Where do I find external libraries? -* Q2.0.10:: After I run configure I find a coredump, is something wrong? -* Q2.0.11:: XEmacs can't resolve host names. -* Q2.0.12:: Why can't I strip XEmacs? -* Q2.0.13:: I don't need no steenkin' packages. Do I? -* Q2.0.14:: I don't want to install a million .els one at a time! -* Q2.0.15:: EFS fails with "500 AUTH not understood" (NEW) -* Q2.0.16:: Cygwin XEmacs won't start: cygXpm-noX4.dll was not found (NEW) - -Trouble Shooting: -* Q2.1.1:: XEmacs just crashed on me! -* Q2.1.2:: Cryptic Minibuffer messages. -* Q2.1.3:: Translation Table Syntax messages at Startup. -* Q2.1.4:: Startup warnings about deducing proper fonts? -* Q2.1.5:: XEmacs cannot connect to my X Terminal. -* Q2.1.6:: XEmacs just locked up my Linux X server. -* Q2.1.7:: HP Alt key as Meta. -* Q2.1.8:: got (wrong-type-argument color-instance-p nil)! -* Q2.1.9:: XEmacs causes my OpenWindows 3.0 server to crash. -* Q2.1.10:: Warnings from incorrect key modifiers. -* Q2.1.11:: Can't instantiate image error... in toolbar -* Q2.1.12:: Regular Expression Problems on DEC OSF1. -* Q2.1.13:: HP/UX 10.10 and ＠code{create_process} failure -* Q2.1.14:: ＠kbd{C-g} doesn't work for me. Is it broken? -* Q2.1.15:: How to debug an XEmacs problem with a debugger. -* Q2.1.16:: XEmacs crashes in ＠code{strcat} on HP/UX 10. -* Q2.1.17:: ＠samp{Marker does not point anywhere}. -* Q2.1.18:: XEmacs is outputting lots of X errors. -* Q2.1.19:: XEmacs does not follow the local timezone. -* Q2.1.20:: ＠samp{Symbol's function definition is void: hkey-help-show.} -* Q2.1.21:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q2.1.22:: XEmacs seems to take a really long time to do some things. -* Q2.1.23:: Movemail on Linux does not work for XEmacs 19.15 and later. -* Q2.1.24:: XEmacs won't start without network. -* Q2.1.25:: After upgrading, XEmacs won't do `foo' any more! -＠end menu +＠item eudc +Emacs Unified Directory Client (LDAP, PH). -＠node Q2.0.1, Q2.0.2, Installation, Installation -＠unnumberedsec 2.0: Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.1: Running XEmacs without installing +＠item footnote +Footnoting in mail message editing modes. -How can I just try XEmacs without installing it? +＠item forms +Forms editing support (obsolete, use Widget instead). -XEmacs will run in place without requiring installation and copying of -the Lisp directories, and without having to specify a special build-time -flag. It's the copying of the Lisp directories that requires so much -space. XEmacs is largely written in Lisp. +＠item fortran-modes +Fortran support. -A good method is to make a shell alias for xemacs: +＠item fortran-modes +Fortran language support. -＠example -alias xemacs=/i/xemacs-20.2/src/xemacs -＠end example +＠item frame-icon +Set up mode-specific icons for each frame under XEmacs. -(You will obviously use whatever directory you downloaded the source -tree to instead of ＠file{/i/xemacs-20.2}). +＠item fsf-compat +GNU Emacs compatibility files. -This will let you run XEmacs without massive copying. +＠item games +Tetris, Sokoban, and Snake. -＠node Q2.0.2, Q2.0.3, Q2.0.1, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.2: XEmacs is too big +＠item general-docs +General documentation. Presently, empty. -The space required by the installation directories can be -reduced dramatically if desired. Gzip all the .el files. Remove all -the packages you'll never want to use. Remove the TexInfo manuals. -Remove the Info (and use just hardcopy versions of the manual). Remove -most of the stuff in etc. Remove or gzip all the source code. Gzip or -remove the C source code. Configure it so that copies are not made of -the support lisp. +＠item gnats +XEmacs bug reports. -These are all Emacs Lisp source code and bytecompiled object code. You -may safely gzip everything named *.el here. You may remove any package -you don't use. ＠emph{Nothing bad will happen if you delete a package -that you do not use}. You must be sure you do not use it though, so be -conservative at first. +＠item gnus +The Gnus Newsreader and Mailreader. -Any package with the possible exceptions of xemacs-base, and EFS are -candidates for removal. Ask yourself, ＠emph{Do I ever want to use this -package?} If the answer is no, then it is a candidate for removal. +＠item haskell-mode +Haskell editing support. -First, gzip all the .el files. Then go about package by package and -start gzipping the .elc files. Then run XEmacs and do whatever it is -you normally do. If nothing bad happens, then remove the package. You -can remove a package via the PUI interface -(＠code{M-x pui-list-packages}, then press ＠kbd{d} to mark the packages -you wish to delete, and then ＠kbd{x} to delete them. +＠item hm--html-menus +HTML editing. -Another method is to do ＠code{M-x package-get-delete-package}. +＠item hyperbole +Hyperbole: The Everyday Info Manager. -＠node Q2.0.3, Q2.0.4, Q2.0.2, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.3: Compiling XEmacs with Netaudio. +＠item ibuffer +Advanced replacement for buffer-menu. -What is the best way to compile XEmacs with the netaudio system, since I -have got the netaudio system compiled but installed at a weird place, I -am not root. Also in the READMEs it does not say anything about -compiling with the audioserver? - -You should only need to add some stuff to the configure command line. -To tell it to compile in netaudio support: ＠samp{--with-sound=both}, or -＠samp{--with-sound=nas} if you don't want native sound support for some -reason.) To tell it where to find the netaudio includes and libraries: +＠item idlwave +Editing and Shell mode for the Interactive Data Language. -＠example ---site-libraries=WHATEVER ---site-includes=WHATEVER -＠end example +＠item igrep +Enhanced front-end for Grep. -Then (fingers crossed) it should compile and it will use netaudio if you -have a server running corresponding to the X server. The netaudio server -has to be there when XEmacs starts. If the netaudio server goes away and -another is run, XEmacs should cope (fingers crossed, error handling in -netaudio isn't perfect). - -BTW, netaudio has been renamed as it has a name clash with something -else, so if you see references to NAS or Network Audio System, it's the -same thing. It also might be found at -＠uref{ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/audio/nas/}. +＠item ilisp +Front-end for interacting with Inferior Lisp (external lisps). -＠node Q2.0.4, Q2.0.5, Q2.0.3, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.4: Problems with Linux and ncurses. +＠item ispell +Spell-checking with GNU ispell. -On Linux 1.3.98 with termcap 2.0.8 and the ncurses that came with libc -5.2.18, XEmacs 20.0b20 is unable to open a tty device: +＠item jde +Integrated Development Environment for Java. -＠example -src/xemacs -nw -q -Initialization error: -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -Terminal type `xterm' undefined (or can't access database?) -＠end example +＠item liece +IRC (Internet Relay Chat) client for Emacs. Note, this package is +deprecated and will be removed, use riece instead. -＠email{ben＠(a)xemacs.org, Ben Wing} writes: +＠item mail-lib +Fundamental lisp files for providing email support. -＠quotation -Your ncurses configuration is messed up. Your /usr/lib/terminfo is a -bad pointer, perhaps to a CD-ROM that is not inserted. -＠end quotation +＠item mailcrypt +Support for messaging encryption with PGP. -＠node Q2.0.5, Q2.0.6, Q2.0.4, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.5: Do I need X11 to run XEmacs? +＠item mew +Messaging in an Emacs World; a MIME-based email program. -No. The name ＠dfn{XEmacs} is unfortunate in the sense that it is -＠strong{not} an X Window System-only version of Emacs. XEmacs has -full color support on a color-capable character terminal. +＠item mh-e +The XEmacs Interface to the MH Mail System. -＠node Q2.0.6, Q2.0.7, Q2.0.5, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.6: I'm having strange crashes. What do I do? +＠item mine +Elisp implementation of the game 'Minehunt'. -There have been a variety of reports of crashes due to compilers with -buggy optimizers. Please see the ＠file{PROBLEMS} file that comes with -XEmacs to read what it says about your platform. +＠item misc-games +Other amusements and diversions. -If you compiled XEmacs using ＠samp{--use-union-type} (or the option -＠samp{USE_UNION_TYPE} in ＠file{config.inc} under Windows), try -recompiling again without it. The union type has been known to trigger -compiler errors in a number of cases. - -＠node Q2.0.7, Q2.0.8, Q2.0.6, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.7: Libraries in non-standard locations - -I have x-faces, jpeg, xpm etc. all in different places. I've tried -space-separated, comma-separated, several --site-libraries, all to no -avail. +＠item mmm-mode +Support for Multiple Major Modes within a single buffer. -＠example ---site-libraries='/path/one /path/two /path/etc' -＠end example +＠item net-utils +Miscellaneous Networking Utilities. -＠node Q2.0.8, Q2.0.9, Q2.0.7, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.8: can't resolve symbol _h_errno +＠item ocaml +Objective Caml editing support. -You are using the Linux/ELF distribution of XEmacs 19.14, and your ELF -libraries are out of date. You have the following options: +＠item oo-browser +OO-Browser: The Multi-Language Object-Oriented Code Browser. -＠enumerate -＠item -Upgrade your libc to at least 5.2.16 (better is 5.2.18, 5.3.12, or -5.4.10). +＠item ocaml +Objective Caml editing support. -＠item -Patch the XEmacs binary by replacing all occurrences of -＠samp{_h_errno^＠＠} with -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠samp{h_errno^＠＠^＠＠}. Any version of Emacs will -suffice. If you don't understand how to do this, don't do it. +＠item os-utils +Miscellaneous single-file O/S utilities, for printing, archiving, +compression, remote shells, etc. -＠item -Rebuild XEmacs yourself---any working ELF version of libc should be -O.K. -＠end enumerate +＠item pc +PC style interface emulation. -＠email{hniksic＠(a)xemacs.org, Hrvoje Niksic} writes: +＠item pcl-cvs +CVS frontend. -＠quotation -Why not use a Perl one-liner for No. 2? +＠item pcomplete +Provides programmatic completion. -＠example -perl -pi -e 's/_h_errno\0/h_errno\0\0/g' \ -/usr/local/bin/xemacs-19.14 -＠end example +＠item perl-modes +Perl support. -NB: You ＠emph{must} patch ＠file{/usr/local/bin/xemacs-19.14}, and not -＠file{xemacs} because ＠file{xemacs} is a link to ＠file{xemacs-19.14}; -the Perl ＠samp{-i} option will cause unwanted side-effects if applied to -a symbolic link. -＠end quotation +＠item pgg +Emacs interface to various PGP implementations. -＠email{steve＠(a)xemacs.org, SL Baur} writes: +＠item prog-modes +Support for various programming languages. -＠quotation -If you build against a recent libc-5.4 (late enough to have caused -problems earlier in the beta cycle) and then run with an earlier version -of libc, you get a +＠item ps-print +Printing functions and utilities. -＠example -$ xemacs -xemacs: can't resolve symbol '__malloc_hook' -zsh: 7942 segmentation fault (core dumped) xemacs -＠end example +＠item psgml +Validated HTML/SGML editing. -(Example binary compiled against libc-5.4.23 and run with libc-5.4.16). +＠item psgml-dtds +A collection of DTDs for psgml. Note that this package is deprecated +and will be removed in the future, most likely Q2/2003. Instead of using +this, you should install needed DTDs yourself. -The solution is to upgrade to at least libc-5.4.23. Sigh. Drat. -＠end quotation +＠item python-modes +Python language support. -＠node Q2.0.9, Q2.0.10, Q2.0.8, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.9: Where do I find external libraries? +＠item reftex +Emacs support for LaTeX cross-references, citations. -All external libraries used by XEmacs can be found at the XEmacs FTP -site -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠uref{ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/aux/}. -[These tarballs and this FAQ are wa-a-ay out of date. Sorry, I'm not -currently network-capable, and I will probably forgot to update this -before submitting the patch. -- Ed.] - -＠c Changed June Link above, <URL:ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/aux/> was dead. -＠c This list is a pain in the you-know-what to keep in synch with the -＠c world. -The canonical locations (at the time of this writing) are as follows: +＠item riece +IRC (Internet Relay Chat) client for Emacs. -＠table ＠asis -＠item JPEG -＠uref{ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/}. Version 6a is current. -＠c Check from host with legal IP address -＠item XPM -＠uref{ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries/}. Version 3.4j is current. -Older versions of this package are known to cause XEmacs crashes. - -＠item TIFF -＠uref{ftp://ftp.sgi.com/graphics/tiff/}. v3.4 is current. The latest -beta is v3.4b035. There is a HOWTO here. - -＠item PNG -＠uref{ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/png/}. 0.89c is current. XEmacs -requires a fairly recent version to avoid using temporary files. -＠c Check from host with legal IP address - -＠uref{ftp://swrinde.nde.swri.edu/pub/png/src/} - -＠item Compface -＠uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/faces/compface/}. This library has -been frozen for about 6 years, and is distributed without version -numbers. ＠emph{It should be compiled with the same options that X11 was -compiled with on your system}. The version of this library at -XEmacs.org includes the ＠file{xbm2xface.pl} script, written by -＠email{stig＠(a)hackvan.com}, which may be useful when generating your own xface. - -＠item NAS -＠uref{ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/audio/nas/}. -Version 1.2p5 is current. There is a FAQ here. -＠end table +＠item rmail +An obsolete Emacs mailer. If you do not already use it don't start. -＠node Q2.0.10, Q2.0.11, Q2.0.9, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.10: After I run configure I find a core dump, is something wrong? +＠item ruby-modes +Ruby support. -Not necessarily. If you have GNU sed 3.0 you should downgrade it to -2.05. From the ＠file{README} at prep.ai.mit.edu: +＠item sasl +Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) library. -＠quotation -sed 3.0 has been withdrawn from distribution. It has major revisions, -which mostly seem to be improvements; but it turns out to have bugs too -which cause trouble in some common cases. - -Tom Lord won't be able to work fixing the bugs until May. So in the -mean time, we've decided to withdraw sed 3.0 from distribution and make -version 2.05 once again the recommended version. -＠end quotation +＠item scheme +Front-end support for Inferior Scheme. -It has also been observed that the vfork test on Solaris will leave a -core dump. +＠item semantic +Semantic bovinator (Yacc/Lex for XEmacs). Includes Senator. -＠node Q2.0.11, Q2.0.12, Q2.0.10, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.11: XEmacs doesn't resolve hostnames. +＠item sgml +SGML/Linuxdoc-SGML editing. -This is the result of a long-standing problem with SunOS and the fact -that stock SunOS systems do not ship with DNS resolver code in libc. +＠item sh-script +Support for editing shell scripts. -＠email{ckd＠(a)loiosh.kei.com, Christopher Davis} writes: +＠item sieve +Manage Sieve email filtering scripts. -＠quotation -That's correct [The SunOS 4.1.3 precompiled binaries don't do name -lookup]. Since Sun figured that everyone used NIS to do name lookups -(that DNS thing was apparently only a passing fad, right?), the stock -SunOS 4.x systems don't have DNS-based name lookups in libc. - -This is also why Netscape ships two binaries for SunOS 4.1.x. - -The best solution is to compile it yourself; the configure script will -check to see if you've put DNS in the shared libc and will then proceed -to link against the DNS resolver library code. -＠end quotation +＠item slider +User interface tool. -＠node Q2.0.12, Q2.0.13, Q2.0.11, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.12: Why can't I strip XEmacs? +＠item sml-mode +SML editing support. -＠email{cognot＠(a)fronsac.ensg.u-nancy.fr, Richard Cognot} writes: +＠item sounds-au +XEmacs Sun sound files. -＠quotation -Because of the way XEmacs (and every other Emacsen, AFAIK) is built. The -link gives you a bare-boned emacs (called temacs). temacs is then run, -preloading some of the lisp files. The result is then dumped into a new -executable, named xemacs, which will contain all of the preloaded lisp -functions and data. +＠item sounds-wav +XEmacs Microsoft sound files. -Now, during the dump itself, the executable (code+data+symbols) is -written on disk using a special unexec() function. This function is -obviously heavily system dependent. And on some systems, it leads to an -executable which, although valid, cannot be stripped without damage. If -memory serves, this is especially the case for AIX binaries. On other -architectures it might work OK. +＠item speedbar +Provides a separate frame with convenient references. -The Right Way to strip the emacs binary is to strip temacs prior to -dumping xemacs. This will always work, although you can do that only if -you install from sources (as temacs is ＠file{not} part of the binary -kits). -＠end quotation +＠item strokes +Mouse enhancement utility. -＠email{nat＠(a)nataa.fr.eu.org, Nat Makarevitch} writes: +＠item supercite +An Emacs citation tool for News & Mail messages. -＠quotation -Here is the trick: +＠item texinfo +XEmacs TeXinfo support. -＠enumerate -＠item -[ ./configure; make ] +＠item text-modes +Miscellaneous support for editing text files. -＠item -rm src/xemacs +＠item textools +Miscellaneous TeX support. -＠item -strip src/temacs +＠item time +Display time & date on the modeline. -＠item -make +＠item tm +Emacs MIME support. Not needed for gnus >= 5.8.0. + +＠item tooltalk +Support for building with Tooltalk. + +＠item tpu +DEC EDIT/TPU support. + +＠item tramp +Remote shell-based file editing. This is similar to EFS or Ange-FTP, +but works with rsh/ssh and rcp/scp. + +＠item vc +Version Control for Free systems. + +＠item vc-cc +Version Control for ClearCase (UnFree) systems. -＠item -cp src/xemacs /usr/local/bin/xemacs +＠item vhdl +Support for VHDL. -＠item -cp lib-src/DOC-19.16-XEmacs -＠iftex -\ ＠* -＠end iftex -/usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.16/i586-unknown-linuxaout -＠end enumerate -＠end quotation +＠item view-process +A Unix process browsing tool. -＠node Q2.0.13, Q2.0.14, Q2.0.12, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.13: I don't need no steenkin' packages. Do I? +＠item viper +VI emulation support. -Strictly speaking, no. XEmacs will build and install just fine without -any packages installed. However, only the most basic editing functions -will be available with no packages installed, so installing packages is -an essential part of making your installed XEmacs _useful_. +＠item vm +An Emacs mailer. -＠node Q2.0.14, Q2.0.15, Q2.0.13, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.14: How do I figure out which packages to install? +＠item w3 +A Web browser. -Many people really liked the old way that packages were bundled and do -not want to mess with packages at all. You can grab all the packages at -once like you used to with old XEmacs versions. Download the file +＠item x-symbol +Semi WYSIWYG for LaTeX, HTML, etc, using additional fonts. -(a)file{xemacs-sumo.tar.gz} +＠item xemacs-base +Fundamental XEmacs support, you almost certainly need this. -For an XEmacs compiled with Mule you also need +＠item xemacs-devel +XEmacs Lisp developer support. This package contains utilities for +supporting Lisp development. It is a single-file package so it may be +tailored. -(a)file{xemacs-mule-sumo.tar.gz} +＠item xlib +Emacs interface to X server. -from the ＠file{packages} directory on your XEmacs mirror archive. -N.B. They are called 'Sumo Tarballs' for good reason. They are -currently about 15MB and 2.3MB (gzipped) respectively. +＠item xslide +XSL editing support. -Install them by +＠item xslt-process +A minor mode for (X)Emacs which allows running an XSLT processor on a +buffer. -＠code{cd $prefix/lib/xemacs ; gunzip -c <tarballname> | tar xf -} +＠item xwem +X Emacs Window Manager. -See README.packages for more detailed installation instructions. +＠item zenirc +ZENIRC IRC Client. +＠end table -As the Sumo tarballs are not regenerated as often as the individual -packages, it is recommended that you use the automatic package tools -afterwards to pick up any recent updates. +＠subheading Mule Support (mule) -＠node Q2.0.15, Q2.0.16, Q2.0.14, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.15: EFS fails with "500 AUTH not understood" (NEW) +MULti-lingual Enhancement. Support for world scripts such as +Latin, Arabic, Cyrillic, Chinese, Japanese, Greek, Hebrew etc. +To use these packages your XEmacs must be compiled with Mule +support. -A typical error: FTP Error: USER request failed; 500 AUTH not understood. +＠table ＠asis +＠item edict +MULE: Lisp Interface to EDICT, Kanji Dictionary. -Thanks to giacomo boffi ＠email{giacomo.boffi＠(a)polimi.it} who recommends -on comp.emacs.xemacs: +＠item egg-its +MULE: Wnn (4.2 and 6) support. SJ3 support. - tell your ftp client to not attempt AUTH authentication (or do not - use FTP servers that don't understand AUTH) +＠item latin-unity +MULE: find single ISO 8859 character set to encode a buffer. -and notes that you need to add an element (often "-u") to -`efs-ftp-program-args'. Use M-x customize-variable, and verify the -needed flag with `man ftp' or other local documentation. +＠item latin-unity +Unify character sets in a buffer. When characters belong to disjoint +character sets, this attempts to translate the characters so +that they belong to one character set. If the buffer coding system is +not sufficient, this suggests different coding systems. -＠node Q2.0.16, Q2.1.1, Q2.0.15, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.16: Cygwin XEmacs won't start: cygXpm-noX4.dll was not found (NEW) +＠item leim +MULE: Quail. All non-English and non-Japanese language support. -The Cygwin binary distributed with the netinstaller uses an external DLL -to handle XPM images (such as toolbar buttons). You may get an error like +＠item locale +MULE: Localized menubars and localized splash screens. - This application has failed to start because cygXpm-noX4.dll was not found. - Re-installing the application may fix this problem. +＠item lookup +Dictionary support. (This isn't an English dictionary program) -Andy Piper <andy＠(a)xemacs.org&gt; sez: +＠item mule-base +MULE: Basic Mule support, required for building with Mule. - cygXpm-noX4 is part of the cygwin distribution under libraries or - graphics, but is not installed by default. You need to run the - cygwin setup again and select this package. +＠item mule-ucs +MULE: Extended coding systems (including Unicode) for XEmacs. -Ie, reinstalling XEmacs won't help because it is not part of the XEmacs -distribution. +＠item mule-ucs +Extended coding systems (including Unicode) for XEmacs. -＠node Q2.1.1, Q2.1.2, Q2.0.16, Installation -＠unnumberedsec 2.1: Trouble Shooting -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.1: Help! XEmacs just crashed on me! +＠item skk +Another Japanese Language Input Method. Can be used without a +separate process running as a dictionary server. +＠end table -First of all, don't panic. Whenever XEmacs crashes, it tries extremely -hard to auto-save all of your files before dying. (The main time that -this will not happen is if the machine physically lost power or if you -killed the XEmacs process using ＠code{kill -9}). The next time you try -to edit those files, you will be informed that a more recent auto-save -file exists. You can use ＠kbd{M-x recover-file} to retrieve the -auto-saved version of the file. +＠node Q1.7.3, Q1.7.4, Q1.7.2, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.7.3: Do I need to have the packages to run XEmacs? -You can use the command ＠kbd{M-x recover-session} after a crash to pick -up where you left off. +Strictly speaking, no. XEmacs will build and install just fine without +any packages installed. However, only the most basic editing functions +will be available with no packages installed, so installing packages is +an essential part of making your installed XEmacs _useful_. -Now, XEmacs is not perfect, and there may occasionally be times, or -particular sequences of actions, that cause it to crash. If you can -come up with a reproducible way of doing this (or even if you have a -pretty good memory of exactly what you were doing at the time), the -maintainers would be very interested in knowing about it. The best way -to report a bug is using ＠kbd{M-x report-emacs-bug} (or by selecting -＠samp{Send Bug Report...} from the Help menu). If that won't work -(e.g. you can't get XEmacs working at all), send ordinary mail to -＠email{crashes＠(a)xemacs.org}. ＠emph{MAKE SURE} to include the output from -the crash, especially including the Lisp backtrace, as well as the -XEmacs configuration from ＠kbd{M-x describe-installation} (or -equivalently, the file ＠file{Installation} in the top of the build -tree). Please note that the ＠samp{crashes} address is exclusively for -crash reports. The best way to report bugs in general is through the -＠kbd{M-x report-emacs-bug} interface just mentioned, or if necessary by -emailing ＠email{xemacs-beta＠(a)xemacs.org}. Note that the developers do -＠emph{not} usually follow ＠samp{comp.emacs.xemacs} on a regular basis; -thus, this is better for general questions about XEmacs than bug -reports. +＠node Q1.7.4, Q1.8.1, Q1.7.3, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.7.4: Is there a way to find which package has particular functionality? -If at all possible, include a C stack backtrace of the core dump that -was produced. This shows where exactly things went wrong, and makes it -much easier to diagnose problems. To do this under Unix, you need to -locate the core file (it's called ＠file{core}, and is usually sitting in -the directory that you started XEmacs from, or your home directory if -that other directory was not writable). Then, go to that directory and -execute a command like: +If you want to find out which package contains the functionality you +are looking for, use ＠kbd{M-x package-get-package-provider}, and give it a +symbol that is likely to be in that package. +For example, if some code you want to use has a ＠code{(require 'thingatpt)} +in it: + ＠example -gdb `which xemacs` core + M-x package-get-package-provider RET thingatpt RET ＠end example -and then issue the command ＠samp{where} to get the stack backtrace. You -might have to use ＠code{dbx} or some similar debugger in place of -＠code{gdb}. If you don't have any such debugger available, complain to -your system administrator. +which will return something like: ＠samp{(fsf-compat "1.08").} -It's possible that a core file didn't get produced, in which case you're -out of luck. Go complain to your system administrator and tell him not -to disable core files by default. Also see ＠ref{Q2.1.15}, for tips and -techniques for dealing with a debugger. +＠unnumberedsec 1.8: Internationalization -If you're under Microsoft Windows, you're out of luck unless you happen -to have a debugging aid installed on your system, for example Visual -C++. In this case, the crash will result in a message giving you the -option to enter a debugger (for example, by pressing ＠samp{Cancel}). Do -this and locate the stack-trace window. (If your XEmacs was built -without debugging information, the stack trace may not be very useful.) +＠node Q1.8.1, Q1.8.2, Q1.7.4, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.8.1: What is the status of internationalization support aka MULE (including Asian language support)? -When making a problem report make sure that: +Both the stable and development versions of XEmacs include +internationalization support (aka MULE). MULE currently (21.4) works on +UNIX and Linux systems. It is possible to build with MULE on Windows +systems, but if you really need MULE on Windows, it is recommended that +you build and use the development (21.5) version, and deal with the +instability of the development tree. Binaries compiled without MULE +support run faster than MULE capable XEmacsen. -＠enumerate -＠item -Report ＠strong{all} of the information output by XEmacs during the -crash. +＠node Q1.8.2, Q1.8.3, Q1.8.1, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.8.2: How can I help with internationalization? -＠item -You mention what O/S & Hardware you are running XEmacs on. +If you would like to help, you may want to join the +＠email{xemacs-mule＠(a)xemacs.org} mailing list. Especially needed are +people who speak/write languages other than English, who are willing to +use XEmacs/MULE regularly, and have some experience with Elisp. -＠item -What version of XEmacs you are running. +Translations of the TUTORIAL and man page are welcome, and XEmacs does +support multilingual menus, but we have few current translations. -＠item -What build options you are using. +(a)xref{Q1.5.2, How do I become a Beta Tester?}. -＠item -If the problem is related to graphics and you are running Unix, we will -also need to know what version of the X Window System you are running, -and what window manager you are using. +＠node Q1.8.3, Q1.8.4, Q1.8.2, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.8.3: How do I type non-ASCII characters? -＠item -If the problem happened on a TTY, please include the terminal type. -＠end enumerate +(a)xref{Q3.0.6, How can you type in special characters in XEmacs?}, in +part 3 of this FAQ, for some simple methods that also work in non-MULE +builds of XEmacs (but only for one-octet coded character sets, and +mostly for ISO 8859/1). Many of the methods available for Cyrillic +((a)pxref{Q1.8.7, How about Cyrillic modes?}) work without MULE. MULE +has more general capabilities. ＠xref{Q1.8.5, Please explain the +various input methods in MULE/XEmacs}. -Much of the information above is automatically generated by ＠kbd{M-x -report-emacs-bug}. Even more, and often useful, information can be -generated by redirecting the output of ＠code{make} and ＠code{make check} -to a file (＠file{beta.err} is the default used by ＠code{build-report}), -and executing ＠kbd{M-x build-report}. +(a)xref{Q4.0.8, How do I display non-ASCII characters?}, which covers +display of non-ASCII characters. -＠node Q2.1.2, Q2.1.3, Q2.1.1, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.2: Cryptic Minibuffer messages. +＠node Q1.8.4, Q1.8.5, Q1.8.3, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.8.4: Can XEmacs messages come out in a different language? -When I try to use some particular option of some particular package, I -get a cryptic error in the minibuffer. +The message-catalog support was written but is badly bit-rotted. XEmacs +20 and 21 did ＠emph{not} support it, and early releases of XEmacs 22 +will not either. -If you can't figure out what's going on, select Options/General -Options/Debug on Error from the Menubar and then try and make the error -happen again. This will give you a backtrace that may be enlightening. -If not, try reading through this FAQ; if that fails, you could try -posting to comp.emacs.xemacs (making sure to include the backtrace) and -someone may be able to help. If you can identify which Emacs lisp -source file the error is coming from you can get a more detailed stack -backtrace by doing the following: +However, menubar localization ＠emph{does} work. To enable it, add to +your ＠file{Emacs} file entries like this: -＠enumerate -＠item -Visit the .el file in an XEmacs buffer. +＠example +Emacs*XlwMenu.resourceLabels: True +Emacs*XlwMenu.file.labelString: Fichier +Emacs*XlwMenu.openInOtherWindow.labelString: In anderem Fenster oeffnen +＠end example -＠item -Issue the command ＠kbd{M-x eval-current-buffer}. +The name of the resource is derived from the non-localized entry by +removing punctuation and capitalizing as above. -＠item -Reproduce the error. -＠end enumerate +＠node Q1.8.5, Q1.8.6, Q1.8.4, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.8.5: Please explain the various input methods in MULE/XEmacs -Depending on the version of XEmacs, you may either select View->Show -Message Log (recent versions), Edit->Show Messages (some earlier -versions) or Help->Recent Keystrokes/Messages (other earlier versions) -from the menubar to see the most recent messages. This command is bound -to ＠kbd{C-h l} by default. +Mule supports a wide variety of input methods. There are three basic +classes: Lisp implementations, generic platform support, and library +interfaces. -＠node Q2.1.3, Q2.1.4, Q2.1.2, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.3: Translation Table Syntax messages at Startup +＠emph{Lisp implementations} include Quail, which provides table-driven input +methods for almost all the character sets that Mule supports (including +all of the ISO 8859 family, the Indic languages, Thai, and so on), and +SKK, for Japanese. (SKK also supports an interface to an external +"dictionary server" process.) Quail supports both typical "dead-key" +methods (eg, in the "latin-1-prefix" method, ＠kbd{" a} produces ä, LATIN +SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS), and the complex dictionary-based phonetic +methods used for Asian ideographic languages like Chinese. -I get tons of translation table syntax error messages during startup. -How do I get rid of them? +Lisp implementations can be less powerful (but they are not perceptibly +inefficient), and of course are not portable to non-Emacs applications. +The incompatibility can be very annoying. On the other hand, they +require no special platform support or external libraries, so if you can +display the characters, Mule can input them for you and you can edit, +anywhere. -There are two causes of this problem. The first usually only strikes -people using the prebuilt binaries. The culprit in both cases is the -file ＠file{XKeysymDB}. +＠emph{Generic platform support} is currently limited to the X Input +Method (XIM) framework, although support for MSIME (for MS Windows) is +planned, and IIIMF (Sun's Internet-Intranet Input Method Framework) +support is extremely desirable. XIM is enabled at build time by use of +the ＠samp{--with-xim} flag to ＠code{configure}. For use of XIM, see +your platform documentation. However, normally the input method you use +is specified via the ＠samp{LANG} and ＠samp{XMODIFIERS} environment +variables. -＠itemize ＠bullet -＠item -The binary cannot find the ＠file{XKeysymDB} file. The location is -hardcoded at compile time so if the system the binary was built on puts -it a different place than your system does, you have problems. To fix, -set the environment variable ＠code{XKEYSYMDB} to the location of the -＠file{XKeysymDB} file on your system or to the location of the one -included with XEmacs which should be at -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -(a)file{&lt;xemacs_root_directory&gt;/lib/xemacs-19.16/etc/XKeysymDB}. +Of course, input skills are portable across most applications. However, +especially in modern GUI systems the habit of using bucky bits has +fallen into sad disuse, and many XIM systems are poorly configured for +use with Emacs. For example, the kinput2 input manager (a separate +process providing an interface between Japanese dictionary servers such +as Canna and Wnn, and the application) tends to gobble up keystrokes +generating Meta characters. This means that to edit while using an XIM +input method, you must toggle the input method off every time you want +to use ＠kbd{M-f}. Your mileage may vary. -＠item -The binary is finding the XKeysymDB but it is out-of-date on your system -and does not contain the necessary lines. Either ask your system -administrator to replace it with the one which comes with XEmacs (which -is the stock R6 version and is backwards compatible) or set your -＠code{XKEYSYMDB} variable to the location of XEmacs's described above. -＠end itemize +＠emph{Library interfaces} are most common for Japanese, although Wnn +supports Chinese (traditional and simplified) and Korean. There are +Chinese and Korean input servers available, but we do not know of any +patches for XEmacs to use them directly. You can use them via +IM-enabled terminals, by manipulating the terminal coding systems. We +describe only the Japanese-oriented systems here. The advantage of +these systems is that they are very powerful, and on platforms where +they are available there is typically a wide range of applications that +support them. Thus your input skills are portable across applications. -＠node Q2.1.4, Q2.1.5, Q2.1.3, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.4: Startup warnings about deducing proper fonts? +Mule provides built-in interfaces to the following input methods: Wnn4, +Wnn6, Canna, and SJ3. These can be configured at build time. There are +patches available (no URL, sorry) to support the SKK server, as well. +Wnn and SJ3 use the ＠code{egg} user interface. The interface for Canna +is specialized to Canna. -How can I avoid the startup warnings about deducing proper fonts? +Wnn supports Japanese, Chinese and Korean. It is made by OMRON and Kyôto +University. It is a powerful and complex system. Wnn4 is free and Wnn6 +is not. Wnn uses grammatical hints and probability of word association, +so in principle Wnn can be cleverer than other methods. -This is highly dependent on your installation, but try with the -following font as your base font for XEmacs and see what it does: +Canna, made by NEC, supports only Japanese. It is a simple and powerful +system. Canna uses only grammar, but its grammar and dictionary are +quite sophisticated. So for standard modern Japanese, Canna seems +cleverer than Wnn4. In addition, the UNIX version of Canna is free (now +there is a Microsoft Windows version). -＠format --adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1 -＠end format +SJ3, by Sony, supports only Japanese. -More precisely, do the following in your resource file: +Egg consists of following parts: -＠format -Emacs.default.attributeFont: \ --adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1 -＠end format +＠enumerate +＠item +Input character Translation System (ITS) layer. +It translates ASCII inputs to Kana/PinYin/Hangul characters. -If you just don't want to see the ＠samp{*Warnings*} buffer at startup -time, you can set this: +＠item +Kana/PinYin/Hangul to Kanji transfer layer. +The interface layer to network Kana-Kanji server (Wnn and Sj3). +＠end enumerate -＠lisp -(setq display-warning-minimum-level 'error) -＠end lisp +These input methods are modal. They have a raw (alphabet) mode, a +phonetic input mode, and Kana-Kanji transfer mode. However there are +mode-less input methods for Egg and Canna. ＠samp{boiled-egg} is a +mode-less input method running on Egg. For Canna, ＠samp{canna.el} has a +tiny boiled-egg-like command, ＠code{(canna-boil)}, and there are some +boiled-egg-like utilities. -The buffer still exists; it just isn't in your face. +Much of this information was provided by ＠email{morioka＠(a)jaist.ac.jp, +MORIOKA Tomohiko}. -＠node Q2.1.5, Q2.1.6, Q2.1.4, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.5: XEmacs cannot connect to my X Terminal! +＠node Q1.8.6, Q1.8.7, Q1.8.5, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.8.6: How do I portably code for MULE/XEmacs? -Help! I can not get XEmacs to display on my Envizex X-terminal! +MULE has evolved rapidly over the last few years, and the original third +party patch (for GNU Emacs 19), GNU Emacs 20+, and XEmacs 20+ have quite +different implementations. The APIs also vary although recent versions +of XEmacs have tended to converge to the GNU Emacs standard. -Try setting the ＠code{DISPLAY} variable using the numeric IP address of -the host you are running XEmacs from. +MULE implementations are going to continue to evolve. Both GNU Emacs +and XEmacs are working hard on Unicode support, which will involve new +APIs and probably variations on old ones. For XEmacs 22, the old ISO +2022-based system for recognizing encodings will be replaced by a much +more flexible system, which should improve accuracy of automatic coding +detections, but will also involve new APIs. -＠node Q2.1.6, Q2.1.7, Q2.1.5, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.6: XEmacs just locked up my Linux X server! +＠email{morioka＠(a)jaist.ac.jp, MORIOKA Tomohiko} writes: + +＠quotation +The application implementor must write separate code for these mule +variants. [Please don't hesitate to report these variants to us; they +are not, strictly speaking, bugs, but they give third-party developers +the same kind of creepy-crawly feeling. We'll do what we can. -- Ed.] + +MULE and the next version of Emacs are similar but the symbols are very +different---requiring separate code as well. + +Namely we must support 3 kinds of mule variants and 4 or 5 or 6 kinds of +emacs variants... (;_;) I'm shocked, so I wrote a wrapper package called +＠code{emu} to provide a common interface. [There is an XEmacs package +of APEL which provides much more comprehensive coverage. Be careful, +however; APEL has problems of its own. -- Ed.] -There have been several reports of the X server locking up under Linux. -In all reported cases removing speedo and scaled fonts from the font -path corrected the problem. This can be done with the command -＠code{xset}. +I have the following suggestions about dealing with mule variants: -It is possible that using a font server may also solve the problem. +＠itemize ＠bullet +＠item +＠code{(featurep 'mule)} ＠code{t} on all mule variants -＠node Q2.1.7, Q2.1.8, Q2.1.6, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.7: HP Alt key as Meta. +＠item +＠code{(boundp 'MULE)} is ＠code{t} on only MULE. Maybe the next version +of Emacs will not have this symbol. -How can I make XEmacs recognize the Alt key of my HP workstation as a -Meta key? +＠item +MULE has a variable ＠code{mule-version}. Perhaps the next version of +Emacs will have this variable as well. +＠end itemize -Put the following line into a file and load it with xmodmap(1) before -starting XEmacs: +Following is a sample to distinguish mule variants: -＠example -remove Mod1 = Mode_switch -＠end example +＠lisp +(if (featurep 'mule) + (cond ((boundp 'MULE) + ;; for original Mule + ) + ((string-match "XEmacs" emacs-version) + ;; for XEmacs with Mule + ) + (t + ;; for next version of Emacs + )) + ;; for old emacs variants + ) +＠end lisp +＠end quotation -＠node Q2.1.8, Q2.1.9, Q2.1.7, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.8: got (wrong-type-argument color-instance-p nil) +＠node Q1.8.7, Q1.8.8, Q1.8.6, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.8.7: How about Cyrillic modes? -＠email{nataliek＠(a)rd.scitec.com.au, Natalie Kershaw} writes: +＠email{ilya＠(a)math.ohio-state.edu, Ilya Zakharevich} writes: ＠quotation -I am trying to run xemacs 19.13 under X11R4. Whenever I move the mouse I -get the following error. Has anyone seen anything like this? This -doesn't occur on X11R5. - -＠lisp -Signalling: -(error "got (wrong-type-argument color-instance-p nil) -and I don't know why!") -＠end lisp +There is a cyrillic mode in the file ＠file{mysetup.zip} in +＠iftex +＠* +＠end iftex +＠uref{ftp://ftp.math.ohio-state.edu/pub/users/ilya/emacs/}. This is a +modification to ＠email{ava＠(a)math.jhu.ed, Valery Alexeev's} ＠file{russian.el} +which can be obtained from ＠end quotation + +＠uref{http://www.math.uga.edu/~valery/russian.el}. -＠email{map01kd＠(a)gold.ac.uk, dinos} writes: +＠email{d.barsky＠(a)ee.surrey.ac.uk, Dima Barsky} writes: ＠quotation -I think this is due to undefined resources; You need to define color -backgrounds and foregrounds into your ＠file{.../app-defaults/Emacs} -like: +There is another cyrillic mode for both GNU Emacs and XEmacs by +＠email{manin＠(a)camelot.mssm.edu, Dmitrii +(Mitya) Manin} at +＠iftex -＠example -*Foreground: Black ;everything will be of black on grey95, -*Background: Grey95 ;unless otherwise specified. -*cursorColor: Red3 ;red3 cursor with grey95 border. -*pointerColor: Red3 ;red3 pointer with grey95 border. -＠end example +＠end iftex +＠uref{http://kulichki-lat.rambler.ru/centrolit/manin/cyr.el}. +＠c Link above, <URL:http://camelot.mssm.edu/~manin/cyr.el> was dead. +＠c Changed to russian host instead ＠end quotation -Natalie Kershaw adds: +＠email{rebecca.ore＠(a)op.net, Rebecca Ore} writes: ＠quotation -What fixed the problem was adding some more colors to the X color -database (copying the X11R5 colors over), and also defining the -following resources: +The fullest resource I found on Russian language use (in and out of +XEmacs) is ＠uref{http://www.ibiblio.org/sergei/Software/Software.html} +＠end quotation + +＠node Q1.8.8, Q1.8.9, Q1.8.7, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.8.8: Does XEmacs support Unicode? + +To get Unicode support, you need a Mule-enabled XEmacs. +21.5 has internal support for Unicode and supports it fully, although we +don't yet use it as the internal encoding. + +21.4 supports Unicode partially -- as an external encoding for files, +processes, and terminals, but without font support. ＠xref{Q1.8.9, How +does XEmacs display Unicode?}. To get Unicode support in 21.4, +install Mule-UCS from packages in the usual way, and put + ＠example -xemacs*cursorColor: black -xemacs*pointerColor: black +(require 'un-define) +(set-coding-priority-list '(utf-8)) +(set-coding-category-system 'utf-8 'utf-8) ＠end example -With the new colors installed the problem still occurs if the above -resources are not defined. +in your init file to enable the UTF-8 coding system. You may wish to +view the documentation of ＠code{set-coding-priority-list} if you find +that files that are not UTF-8 are being mis-recognized as UTF-8. -If the new colors are not present then an additional error occurs on -XEmacs startup, which says ＠samp{Color Red3} not defined. -＠end quotation +Install standard national fonts (not Unicode fonts) for all character +sets you use. ＠xref{Q1.8.9, How does XEmacs display Unicode??}. -＠node Q2.1.9, Q2.1.10, Q2.1.8, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.9: XEmacs causes my OpenWindows 3.0 server to crash. +Mule-UCS also supports 16-bit forms of Unicode (UTF-16). It does not +support 31-bit forms of Unicode (UTF-32 or UCS-4). -The OpenWindows 3.0 server is incredibly buggy. Your best bet is to -replace it with one from the generic MIT X11 release. You might also -try disabling parts of your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}, like those -that enable background pixmaps. +＠node Q1.8.9, , Q1.8.8, Introduction +＠unnumberedsubsec Q1.8.9: How does XEmacs display Unicode? -＠node Q2.1.10, Q2.1.11, Q2.1.9, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.10: Warnings from incorrect key modifiers. +Mule doesn't have a Unicode charset internally, so there's nothing to +bind a Unicode registry to. It would not be straightforward to create, +either, because Unicode is not ISO 2022-compatible. You'd have to +translate it to multiple 96x96 pages. -The following information comes from the ＠file{PROBLEMS} file that comes -with XEmacs. +This means that Mule-UCS uses ordinary national fonts for display. This +is not really a problem, except for those languages that use the Unified +Han characters. The problem here is that Mule-UCS maps from Unicode +code points to national character sets in a deterministic way. By +default, this means that Japanese fonts are tried first, then Chinese, +then Korean. To change the priority ordering, use the command +`un-define-change-charset-order'. -If you're having troubles with HP/UX it is because HP/UX defines the -modifiers wrong in X. Here is a shell script to fix the problem; be -sure that it is run after VUE configures the X server. +It also means you can't use Unicode fonts directly, at least not without +extreme hackery. You can run -nw with (set-terminal-coding-system +'utf-8) if you really want a Unicode font for some reason. -＠example -#! /bin/sh -xmodmap 2> /dev/null - << EOF -keysym Alt_L = Meta_L -keysym Alt_R = Meta_R -EOF +Real Unicode support will be introduced in XEmacs 22.0. -xmodmap - << EOF -clear mod1 -keysym Mode_switch = NoSymbol -add mod1 = Meta_L -keysym Meta_R = Mode_switch -add mod2 = Mode_switch -EOF -＠end example +＠node Installation, Editing, Introduction, Top +＠unnumbered 2 Installation and Troubleshooting -＠node Q2.1.11, Q2.1.12, Q2.1.10, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.11: ＠samp{Can't instantiate image error...} in toolbar -＠c New +This is part 2 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This +section is devoted to Installation, Maintenance and Troubleshooting. -＠email{expt＠(a)alanine.ram.org, Dr. Ram Samudrala} writes: +＠menu +2.0: Installation (General) +* Q2.0.1:: How do I build and install XEmacs? +* Q2.0.2:: Where do I find external libraries? +* Q2.0.3:: How do I specify the paths that XEmacs uses for finding files? +* Q2.0.4:: Running XEmacs without installing +* Q2.0.5:: XEmacs is too big + +2.1: Package Installation +* Q2.1.1:: How do I install the packages? +* Q2.1.2:: Can I install the packages individually? +* Q2.1.3:: Can I install the packages automatically? +* Q2.1.4:: Can I upgrade or remove packages? +* Q2.1.5:: Which packages to install? +* Q2.1.6:: Can you describe the package location process in more detail? +* Q2.1.7:: EFS fails with "500 AUTH not understood" + +2.2: Unix/Mac OS X Installation (Also Relevant to Cygwin, MinGW) +* Q2.2.1:: Libraries in non-standard locations +* Q2.2.2:: Why can't I strip XEmacs? + +2.3: Windows Installation (Windows, Cygwin, MinGW) +* Q2.3.1:: What exactly are all the different ways to build XEmacs under Windows? +* Q2.3.2:: What compiler/libraries do I need to compile XEmacs? +* Q2.3.3:: How do I compile the native port? +* Q2.3.4:: What do I need for Cygwin? +* Q2.3.5:: How do I compile under Cygwin? +* Q2.3.6:: How do I compile using MinGW (aka ＠samp{the -mno-cygwin flag to gcc})? +* Q2.3.7:: How do I compile with X support? +* Q2.3.8:: Cygwin XEmacs won't start -- cygXpm-noX4.dll was not found (NEW) + +2.4: General Troubleshooting +* Q2.4.1:: How do I deal with bugs or with problems building, installing, or running? +* Q2.4.2:: Help! XEmacs just crashed on me! +* Q2.4.3:: XEmacs crashes and I compiled it myself. +* Q2.4.4:: How to debug an XEmacs problem with a debugger +* Q2.4.5:: I get a cryptic error message when trying to do something. +* Q2.4.6:: XEmacs hangs when I try to do something. +* Q2.4.7:: I get an error message when XEmacs is running in batch mode. +* Q2.4.8:: The keyboard or mouse is not working properly, or I have some other event-related problem. +* Q2.4.9:: ＠kbd{C-g} doesn't work for me. Is it broken? +* Q2.4.10:: How do I debug process-related problems? +* Q2.4.11:: XEmacs is outputting lots of X errors. +* Q2.4.12:: After upgrading, XEmacs won't do `foo' any more! + +2.5: Startup-Related Problems +* Q2.5.1:: XEmacs cannot connect to my X Terminal! +* Q2.5.2:: Startup problems related to paths or package locations. +* Q2.5.3:: XEmacs won't start without network. +* Q2.5.4:: Startup warnings about deducing proper fonts? +* Q2.5.5:: Warnings from incorrect key modifiers. +* Q2.5.6:: XEmacs 21.1 on Windows used to spawn an ugly console window on every startup. Has that been fixed? +＠end menu -I just installed the XEmacs (20.4-2) RPMS that I downloaded from -＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/}. Everything works fine, except that when -I place my mouse over the toolbar, it beeps and gives me this message: +＠unnumberedsec 2.0: Installation (General) -＠example - Can't instantiate image (probably cached): - [xbm :mask-file "/usr/include/X11/bitmaps/leftptrmsk :mask-data - (16 16 <strange control characters> ... -＠end example +＠node Q2.0.1, Q2.0.2, Installation, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.1: How do I build and install XEmacs? -＠email{kyle_jones＠(a)wonderworks.com, Kyle Jones} writes: -＠quotation -This is problem specific to some Chips and Technologies video -chips, when running XFree86. Putting +See the file ＠file{etc/NEWS} for information on new features and other +user-visible changes since the last version of XEmacs. -＠code{Option "sw_cursor"} +The file ＠file{INSTALL} in the top-level directory says how to bring +up XEmacs on Unix and Cygwin, once you have loaded the entire subtree +of this directory. -in ＠file{XF86Config} gets rid of the problem. -＠end quotation +See the file ＠file{nt/README} for instructions on building XEmacs for +Microsoft Windows. -＠node Q2.1.12, Q2.1.13, Q2.1.11, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.12: Problems with Regular Expressions on DEC OSF1. +(a)xref{Q2.1.1}, for the installation of (essential) add on packages. -I have xemacs 19.13 running on an alpha running OSF1 V3.2 148 and ispell -would not run because it claimed the version number was incorrect -although it was indeed OK. I traced the problem to the regular -expression handler. +＠node Q2.0.2, Q2.0.3, Q2.0.1, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.2: Where do I find external libraries? -＠email{douglask＠(a)dstc.edu.au, Douglas Kosovic} writes: +All external libraries used by XEmacs can be found on the XEmacs web +site +＠iftex +＠* +＠end iftex +＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/Download/optLibs.html}. -＠quotation -Actually it's a DEC cc optimization bug that screws up the regexp -handling in XEmacs. +The library versions available here are known to work with XEmacs. +(Newer versions will probably work as well but we can't guarantee it.) +We try to keep the libraries up-to-date but may not always succeed. +Check the above page for the canonical locations of the external libraries, +allowing you to download the latest, bleeding-edge versions. -Rebuilding using the ＠samp{-migrate} switch for DEC cc (which uses a -different sort of optimization) works fine. -＠end quotation +＠node Q2.0.3, Q2.0.4, Q2.0.2, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.3: How do I specify the paths that XEmacs uses for finding files? -See ＠file{xemacs-19_13-dunix-3_2c.patch} at the following URL on how to -build with the ＠samp{-migrate} flag: +You can specify what paths to use by using a number of different flags +when running configure. See the section MAKE VARIABLES in the top-level +file INSTALL in the XEmacs distribution for a listing of those flags. -＠example -＠uref{http://www-digital.cern.ch/carney/emacs/emacs.html} -＠c Link above, <URL:http://www-digital.cern.ch/carney/emacs/emacs.html> is -＠c dead. And the directory `carney' is empty. +Most of the time, however, the simplest fix is: ＠strong{do not} specify +paths as you might for GNU Emacs. XEmacs can generally determine the +necessary paths dynamically at run time. The only path that generally +needs to be specified is the root directory to install into. That can +be specified by passing the ＠code{--prefix} flag to configure. For a +description of the XEmacs install tree, please consult the ＠file{NEWS} +file. +＠node Q2.0.4, Q2.0.5, Q2.0.3, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.4: Running XEmacs without installing +How can I just try XEmacs without installing it? -＠end example +XEmacs will run in place without requiring installation and copying of +the Lisp directories, and without having to specify a special build-time +flag. It's the copying of the Lisp directories that requires so much +space. XEmacs is largely written in Lisp. -NOTE: There have been a variety of other problems reported that are -fixed in this fashion. +A good method is to make a shell alias for xemacs: -＠node Q2.1.13, Q2.1.14, Q2.1.12, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.13: HP/UX 10.10 and ＠code{create_process} failure. +＠example +alias xemacs=/src/xemacs-21.5/src/xemacs +＠end example -＠email{Dave.Carrigan＠(a)ipl.ca, Dave Carrigan} writes: +(You will obviously use whatever directory you downloaded the source +tree to instead of ＠file{/src/xemacs-21.5}). -＠quotation -With XEmacs 19.13 and HP/UX 10.10, anything that relies on the -＠code{create_process} function fails. This breaks a lot of things -(shell-mode, compile, ange-ftp, to name a few). -＠end quotation +This will let you run XEmacs without massive copying. -＠email{johnson＠(a)dtc.hp.com, Phil Johnson} writes: +＠node Q2.0.5, Q2.1.1, Q2.0.4, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.0.5: XEmacs is too big -＠quotation -This is a problem specific to HP-UX 10.10. It only occurs when XEmacs -is compiled for shared libraries (the default), so you can work around -it by compiling a statically-linked binary (run configure with -＠samp{--dynamic=no}). +The space required by the installation directories can be +reduced dramatically if desired. Gzip all the .el files. Remove all +the packages you'll never want to use. Remove the TexInfo manuals. +Remove the Info (and use just hardcopy versions of the manual). Remove +most of the stuff in etc. Remove or gzip all the source code. Gzip or +remove the C source code. Configure it so that copies are not made of +the support lisp. -I'm not sure whether the problem is with a particular shared library or -if it's a kernel problem which crept into 10.10. -＠end quotation +These are all Emacs Lisp source code and bytecompiled object code. You +may safely gzip everything named *.el here. You may remove any package +you don't use. ＠emph{Nothing bad will happen if you delete a package +that you do not use}. You must be sure you do not use it though, so be +conservative at first. -＠email{cognot＠(a)ensg.u-nancy.fr, Richard Cognot} writes: +Any package with the possible exceptions of xemacs-base, and EFS are +candidates for removal. Ask yourself, ＠emph{Do I ever want to use this +package?} If the answer is no, then it is a candidate for removal. -＠quotation -I had a few problems with 10.10. Apparently, some of them were solved by -forcing a static link of libc (manually). -＠end quotation +First, gzip all the .el files. Then go about package by package and +start gzipping the .elc files. Then run XEmacs and do whatever it is +you normally do. If nothing bad happens, then remove the package. You +can remove a package via the PUI interface +(＠code{M-x pui-list-packages}, then press ＠kbd{d} to mark the packages +you wish to delete, and then ＠kbd{x} to delete them. -＠node Q2.1.14, Q2.1.15, Q2.1.13, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.14: ＠kbd{C-g} doesn't work for me. Is it broken? +Another method is to do ＠code{M-x package-get-delete-package}. -＠email{ben＠(a)xemacs.org, Ben Wing} writes: +＠unnumberedsec 2.1: Package Installation -＠quotation -＠kbd{C-g} does work for most people in most circumstances. If it -doesn't, there are only two explanations: +＠node Q2.1.1, Q2.1.2, Q2.0.5, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.1: How do I install the packages? +There are three ways to install the packages. + ＠enumerate ＠item -The code is wrapped with a binding of ＠code{inhibit-quit} to -＠code{t}. ＠kbd{Ctrl-Shift-G} should still work, I think. - +Manually, all at once, using the 'Sumo Tarball'. ＠item -SIGIO is broken on your system, but BROKEN_SIGIO isn't defined. +Manually, using individual package tarballs. +＠item +Automatically, using the package tools from XEmacs. ＠end enumerate - -To test #2, try executing ＠code{(while t)} from the ＠samp{*scratch*} -buffer. If ＠kbd{C-g} doesn't interrupt, then you're seeing #2. -＠end quotation -＠email{terra＠(a)diku.dk, Morten Welinder} writes: +If you don't want to mess with the packages, it is easiest to just +grab them manually, all at once. (For the other two ways, +(a)xref{Q2.1.2}, and ＠xref{Q2.1.3}.) Download the file -＠quotation -On some (but ＠emph{not} all) machines a hung XEmacs can be revived by -＠code{kill -FPE <pid>}. This is a hack, of course, not a solution. -This technique works on a Sun4 running 4.1.3_U1. To see if it works for -you, start another XEmacs and test with that first. If you get a core -dump the method doesn't work and if you get ＠samp{Arithmetic error} then -it does. -＠end quotation +(a)file{xemacs-sumo.tar.gz} -＠node Q2.1.15, Q2.1.16, Q2.1.14, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.15: How to debug an XEmacs problem with a debugger +For an XEmacs compiled with Mule you also need -If XEmacs does crash on you, one of the most productive things you can -do to help get the bug fixed is to poke around a bit with the debugger. -Here are some hints: +(a)file{xemacs-mule-sumo.tar.gz} -＠itemize ＠bullet -＠item -First of all, if the crash is at all reproducible, consider very -strongly recompiling your XEmacs with debugging symbols and with no -optimization (e.g. with GCC use the compiler flags ＠samp{-g -O0} -- -that's an "oh" followed by a zero), and with the configure options -＠samp{--debug=yes} and ＠samp{--error-checking=all}. This will make your -XEmacs run somewhat slower, but you are a lot more likely to catch the -problem earlier (closer to its source). It makes it a lot easier to -determine what's going on with a debugger. +These are in the ＠file{packages} directory on your XEmacs mirror +archive: ＠uref{ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/packages} or its +mirrors. N.B. They are called 'Sumo Tarballs' for good reason. They +are currently about 19MB and 4.5MB (gzipped) respectively. -＠item -If it's not a true crash (＠emph{i.e.}, XEmacs is hung, or a zombie -process), or it's inconvenient to run XEmacs again because XEmacs is -already running or is running in batch mode as part of a bunch of -scripts, you may be able to attach to the existing process with your -debugger. Most debuggers let you do this by substituting the process ID -for the core file when you invoke the debugger from the command line, or -by using the ＠code{attach} command or something similar. +Install them on Unix and Mac OS X using the shell/Terminal command -＠item -If you're able to run XEmacs under a debugger and reproduce the crash, -here are some things you can do: +＠code{cd $prefix/lib/xemacs ; gunzip -c <tarballname> | tar xf -} -＠item -If XEmacs is hitting an assertion failure, put a breakpoint on -＠code{assert_failed()}. +Where ＠samp{$prefix} is what you gave to the ＠samp{--prefix} flag to +＠file{configure}, and defaults to ＠file{/usr/local}. -＠item -If XEmacs is hitting some weird Lisp error that's causing it to crash -(e.g. during startup), put a breakpoint on ＠code{signal_1()}---this is -declared static in eval.c. +If you have GNU tar you can use: -＠item -If XEmacs is outputting lots of X errors, put a breakpoint on -＠code{x_error_handler()}; that will tell you which call is causing them. +＠code{cd $prefix/lib/xemacs ; tar zxvf <tarballname>} -＠item -Internally, you will probably see lots of variables that hold objects of -type ＠code{Lisp_Object}. These are references to Lisp objects. -Printing them out with the debugger probably won't be too -useful---you'll likely just see a number. To decode them, do this: +If you have the packages somewhere nonstandard and don't want to bother +with ＠samp{$prefix} (for example, you're a developer and are compiling +the packages yourself, and want your own private copy of everything), +you can also directly specify this using ＠file{configure}. To do this +with 21.5 and above use the ＠samp{--with-package-prefix} parameter to +specify the directory under which you untarred the above tarballs. +Under 21.4 and previous you need to use ＠samp{--package-path}. Using +these options looks something like this: ＠example -call dp (OBJECT) + configure --package-path="~/.xemacs::/src/xemacs/site-packages:/src/xemacs/xemacs-packages:/src/xemacs/mule-packages" ... ＠end example -where ＠var{OBJECT} is whatever you want to decode (it can be a variable, -a function call, etc.). This uses the Lisp printing routines to out a -readable representation on the TTY from which the xemacs process was -invoked. +Under Windows, you need to place the above ＠samp{tar.gz} files in the +directory specified using the ＠samp{PACKAGE_PREFIX} value in +(a)file{nt/config.inc} and by default is ＠file{\Program Files\XEmacs}. +(To untar a ＠samp{tar.gz} file you will need to use a utility such as +WinZip, unless you have Cygwin or a similar environment installed, in +which case the above Unix shell command should work fine.) If you want +the packages somewhere else, just change ＠samp{PACKAGE_PREFIX}. -＠item -If you want to get a Lisp backtrace showing the Lisp call -stack, do this: +Note that XEmacs finds the packages automatically anywhere underneath +the directory tree where it expects to find the packages. All you +need to do is put stuff there; you don't need to run any program to +tell XEmacs to find the packges, or do anything of that sort. + +However, XEmacs will only notice newly installed packages when it +starts up, so you will have to restart if you are already running +XEmacs. + +For more details, ＠xref{Startup Paths,,,xemacs, the XEmacs User's +Manual}, and ＠xref{Packages,,,xemacs, the XEmacs User's Manual}. + +As the Sumo tarballs are not regenerated as often as the individual +packages, it is recommended that you use the automatic package tools +afterwards to pick up any recent updates. + +＠emph{NOTE}: For detailed information about how the package +hierarchies work, ＠xref{Package Overview,,,lispref, the XEmacs Lisp +Reference Manual}. + +＠node Q2.1.2, Q2.1.3, Q2.1.1, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.2: Can I install the packages individually? + +Yes, you can download individual packages from the FTP site (＠pxref{Q2.1.1}). Since packages are automatically noticed at startup, you just have to put them in the right place. + +Note: If you are upgrading packages already installed, it's best to +remove the old package first (＠pxref{Q2.1.4}). + +For example if we are installing the ＠samp{xemacs-base} +package (version 1.48): + +＠example + mkdir $prefix/lib/xemacs/xemacs-packages RET # if it does not exist yet + cd $prefix/lib/xemacs/xemacs-packages RET + gunzip -c /path/to/xemacs-base-1.48-pkg.tar.gz | tar xvf - RET +＠end example +Or if you have GNU tar, the last step can be: + ＠example -call db () + tar zxvf /path/to/xemacs-base-1.48-pkg.tar.gz RET ＠end example -＠item -Using ＠code{dp} and ＠code{db} has two disadvantages - they can only be -used with a running (including hung or zombie) xemacs process, and they -do not display the internal C structure of a Lisp Object. Even if all -you've got is a core dump, all is not lost. +For MULE related packages, it is best to untar into the ＠samp{mule-packages} +hierarchy, i.e. for the ＠samp{mule-base} package, version 1.37: -If you're using GDB, there are some macros in the file -(a)file{src/.gdbinit} in the XEmacs source distribution that should make -it easier for you to decode Lisp objects. This file is automatically -read by gdb if gdb is run in the directory where xemacs was built, and -contains these useful macros to inspect the state of xemacs: +＠example + mkdir $prefix/lib/xemacs/mule-packages RET # if it does not exist yet + cd $prefix/lib/xemacs/mule-packages RET + gunzip -c /path/to/mule-base-1.37-pkg.tar.gz | tar xvf - RET +＠end example -＠table ＠code -＠item pobj -Usage: pobj lisp_object ＠* -Print the internal C representation of a lisp object. +Or if you have GNU tar, the last step can be: -＠item xtype -Usage: xtype lisp_object ＠* -Print the Lisp type of a lisp object. +＠example + tar zxvf /path/to/mule-base-1.37-pkg.tar.gz RET +＠end example -＠item lbt -Usage: lbt ＠* -Print the current Lisp stack trace. -Requires a running xemacs process. (It works by calling the db -routine described above.) +＠node Q2.1.3, Q2.1.4, Q2.1.2, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.3: Can I install the packages automatically? -＠item ldp -Usage: ldp lisp_object ＠* -Print a Lisp Object value using the Lisp printer. -Requires a running xemacs process. (It works by calling the dp -routine described above.) +XEmacs comes with some tools to make the periodic updating and +installing easier. It will notice if new packages or versions are +available and will fetch them from the FTP site. -＠item run-temacs -Usage: run-temacs ＠* -Run temacs interactively, like xemacs. -Use this with debugging tools (like purify) that cannot deal with dumping, -or when temacs builds successfully, but xemacs does not. +Unfortunately this requires that a few packages are already in place. +You will have to install them by hand as above or use a SUMO tarball. +This requirement will hopefully go away in the future. The packages +you need are: -＠item dump-temacs -Usage: dump-temacs ＠* -Run the dumping part of the build procedure. -Use when debugging temacs, not xemacs! -Use this when temacs builds successfully, but xemacs does not. +＠example + efs - To fetch the files from the FTP site or mirrors. + xemacs-base - Needed by efs. +＠end example -＠item check-xemacs -Usage: check-xemacs ＠* -Run the test suite. Equivalent to 'make check'. +and optionally: -＠item check-temacs -Usage: check-temacs ＠* -Run the test suite on temacs. Equivalent to 'make check-temacs'. -Use this with debugging tools (like purify) that cannot deal with dumping, -or when temacs builds successfully, but xemacs does not. -＠end table +＠example + mailcrypt - For PGP verification of the package-index file. +＠end example -If you are using Sun's ＠file{dbx} debugger, there is an equivalent file -(a)file{src/.dbxrc}, which defines the same commands for dbx. +After installing these by hand, fire up XEmacs and follow these +steps. +＠enumerate ＠item -If you're using a debugger to get a C stack backtrace and you're seeing -stack traces with some of the innermost frames mangled, it may be due to -dynamic linking. (This happens especially under Linux.) Consider -reconfiguring with ＠samp{--dynamic=no}. Also, sometimes (again under -Linux), stack backtraces of core dumps will have the frame where the -fatal signal occurred mangled; if you can obtain a stack trace while -running the XEmacs process under a debugger, the stack trace should be -clean. +Choose a download site. +＠itemize ＠bullet +＠item +via menu: Tools -> Packages -> Set Download Site +＠item +via keyb: M-x customize-variable RET package-get-remote RET +(put in the details of remote host and directory) +＠end itemize -＠email{1CMC3466＠(a)ibm.mtsac.edu, Curtiss} suggests upgrading to ld.so -version 1.8 if dynamic linking and debugging is a problem on Linux. +If the package tarballs _AND_ the package-index file are in a +local directory, you can: M-x pui-set-local-package-get-directory RET ＠item -If you're using a debugger to get a C stack backtrace and you're -getting a completely mangled and bogus stack trace, it's probably due to -one of the following: - -＠enumerate a +Obtain a list of packages and display the list in a buffer named +"*Packages*". +＠itemize ＠bullet ＠item -Your executable has been stripped. Bad news. Tell your sysadmin not to -do this---it doesn't accomplish anything except to save a bit of disk -space, and makes debugging much much harder. - +menu: Tools -> Packages -> List & Install ＠item -Your stack is getting trashed. Debugging this is hard; you have to do a -binary-search type of narrowing down where the crash occurs, until you -figure out exactly which line is causing the problem. Of course, this -only works if the bug is highly reproducible. Also, in many cases if -you run XEmacs from the debugger, the debugger can protect the stack -somewhat. However, if the stack is being smashed, it is typically the -case that there is a wild pointer somewhere in the program, often quite -far from where the crash occurs. +keyb: M-x pui-list-packages RET +＠end itemize + +XEmacs will now connect to the remote site and download the +latest package-index file. +The resulting buffer, "*Packages*" has brief instructions at the +end of the buffer. + ＠item -If your stack trace has exactly one frame in it, with address 0x0, this -could simply mean that XEmacs attempted to execute code at that address, -e.g. through jumping to a null function pointer. Unfortunately, under -those circumstances, GDB under Linux doesn't know how to get a stack -trace. (Yes, this is the fourth Linux-related problem I've mentioned. I -have no idea why GDB under Linux is so bogus. Complain to the GDB -authors, or to comp.os.linux.development.system.) Again, you'll have to -use the narrowing-down process described above. +Choose the packages you wish to install. +＠itemize ＠bullet +＠item +mouse: Click button 2 on the package name. +＠item +keyb: RET on the package name +＠end itemize ＠item -You will get a Lisp backtrace output when XEmacs crashes, so you'll have -something useful. +Make sure you have everything you need. +＠itemize ＠bullet +＠item +menu: Packages -> Add Required +＠item +keyb: r +＠end itemize -＠end enumerate +XEmacs will now search for packages that are required by the +ones that you have chosen to install and offer to select +those packages also. -＠item -If you compile with the newer gcc variants gcc-2.8 or egcs, you will -also need gdb 4.17 or above. Earlier releases of gdb can't handle the -debug information generated by the newer compilers. +For novices and gurus alike, this step can save your bacon. +It's easy to forget to install a critical package. ＠item -In versions of XEmacs before 21.2.27, ＠file{src/.gdbinit} was named -＠file{src/gdbinit}. This had the disadvantage of not being sourced -automatically by gdb, so you had to set that up yourself. - +Download and install the packages. +＠itemize ＠bullet ＠item -If you are running Microsoft Windows, the the file ＠file{nt/README} for -further information about debugging XEmacs. - +menu: Packages -> Install/Remove Selected +＠item +keyb: x ＠end itemize +＠end enumerate -＠node Q2.1.16, Q2.1.17, Q2.1.15, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.16: XEmacs crashes in ＠code{strcat} on HP/UX 10 +＠node Q2.1.4, Q2.1.5, Q2.1.3, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.4: Can I upgrade or remove packages? -From the problems database (through -the former address http://support.mayfield.hp.com/): +As the exact files and their locations contained in a package may +change it is recommended to remove a package first before installing a +new version. In order to facilitate removal each package contains an +pgkinfo/MANIFEST.pkgname file which list all the files belong to the +package. M-x package-admin-delete-binary-package RET can be used to +remove a package using this file. -＠example -Problem Report: 5003302299 -Status: Open +Note that the interactive package tools included with XEmacs already do +this for you. -System/Model: 9000/700 -Product Name: HPUX S800 10.0X -Product Vers: 9245XB.10.00 +＠node Q2.1.5, Q2.1.6, Q2.1.4, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.5: Which packages to install? -Description: strcat(3C) may read beyond -end of source string, can cause SIGSEGV +Unless you are an advanced user, just install everything. +If you really want to install only what's absolutely needed, a good +minimal set of packages for XEmacs-latin1 would be -*** PROBLEM TEXT *** -strcat(3C) may read beyond the source string onto an unmapped page, -causing a segmentation violation. +＠example +xemacs-base, xemacs-devel, c-support, cc-mode, debug, dired, efs, +edit-utils, fsf-compat, mail-lib, net-utils, os-utils, prog-modes, +text-modes, time, mailcrypt ＠end example -＠node Q2.1.17, Q2.1.18, Q2.1.16, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.17: ＠samp{Marker does not point anywhere} +If you are using the XEmacs package tools, don't forget to do: -As with other errors, set ＠code{debug-on-error} to ＠code{t} to get the -backtrace when the error occurs. Specifically, two problems have been -reported (and fixed). +＠example + Packages -> Add Required +＠end example -＠enumerate -＠item -A problem with line-number-mode in XEmacs 19.14 affected a large number -of other packages. If you see this error message, turn off -line-number-mode. +To make sure you have everything that the packages you have chosen to +install need. -＠item -A problem with some early versions of Gnus 5.4 caused this error. -Upgrade your Gnus. -＠end enumerate +(a)xref{Q1.7.2}, for a description of the various packages. -＠node Q2.1.18, Q2.1.19, Q2.1.17, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.18: XEmacs is outputting lots of X errors. +＠node Q2.1.6, Q2.1.7, Q2.1.5, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.6: Can you describe the package location process in more detail? -If this is happening, we would very much like to know what's causing -them. To find this out, see ＠ref{Q2.1.15}. Try to get both a C and Lisp -backtrace, and send them to ＠email{xemacs-beta＠(a)xemacs.org}. +On startup XEmacs looks for packages in so-called package hierarchies. +Normally, there are three system wide hierarchies, like this: -＠node Q2.1.19, Q2.1.20, Q2.1.18, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.19: XEmacs does not follow the local timezone. +＠example +$prefix/lib/xemacs/xemacs-packages/ + Normal packages go here. -When using one of the prebuilt binaries many users have observed that -XEmacs uses the timezone under which it was built, but not the timezone -under which it is running. The solution is to add: +$prefix/lib/xemacs/mule-packages/ + Mule packages go here and are only searched by MULE-enabled XEmacsen. -＠lisp -(set-time-zone-rule "MET") -＠end lisp +$prefix/lib/xemacs/site-packages/ + Local and 3rd party packages go here. +＠end example -to your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} or the ＠file{site-start.el} file if -you can. Replace ＠code{MET} with your local timezone. +This is what you get when you untar the SUMO tarballs under +＠file{$prefix/lib/xemacs}. -＠node Q2.1.20, Q2.1.21, Q2.1.19, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.20: ＠samp{Symbol's function definition is void: hkey-help-show.} +＠file{$prefix} is specified using the ＠samp{--prefix} parameter to +＠file{configure}, and defaults to ＠file{usr/local}. -This is a problem with a partially loaded hyperbole. Try adding: +If the package path is not explicitly specified, XEmacs looks for the +package directory ＠file{xemacs-packages} (and ＠file{mule-packages} and +＠file{site-packages}) first under ＠samp{~/.xemacs}, then for a sister +directory ＠file{lib/xemacs-VERSION} of the directory in which the +XEmacs executable is located, then for a sister directory +＠file{lib/xemacs}. The XEmacs executable (under Unix at least) is +installed by default in ＠file{/usr/local/bin}; this explains why +XEmacs in its default installation will find packages that you put +under ＠file{/usr/local/lib/xemacs}. -＠lisp -(require 'hmouse-drv) -＠end lisp +You can specify where exactly XEmacs looks for packages by using the +＠samp{--with-package-prefix} or ＠samp{--with-package-path} parameters to +＠file{configure} (or the equivalent settings in ＠file{config.inc}, under +Windows), or setting the ＠samp{EMACSPACKAGEPATH} environment variable +(which has the same format as ＠samp{--with-package-path}). ＠xref{Q2.1.1}. -where you load hyperbole and the problem should go away. +See ＠file{configure.usage} for more info about the format of these +＠file{configure} parameters. -＠node Q2.1.21, Q2.1.22, Q2.1.20, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.21: [This question intentionally left blank] +In addition to the system wide packages, each user can have his own +packages installed under ＠file{~/.xemacs/}. If you want to install +packages there using the interactive tools, you need to set +＠code{package-get-install-to-user-init-directory} to ＠code{t}. -＠node Q2.1.22, Q2.1.23, Q2.1.21, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.22: XEmacs seems to take a really long time to do some things +The site-packages hierarchy replaces the old ＠file{site-lisp} +directory. XEmacs no longer looks into a ＠file{site-lisp} directly by +default. A good place to put ＠file{site-start.el} would be in +＠file{$prefix/lib/xemacs/site-packages/lisp/}. -＠email{dmoore＠(a)ucsd.edu, David Moore} writes: +＠node Q2.1.7, Q2.2.1, Q2.1.6, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.7: EFS fails with "500 AUTH not understood" (NEW) -＠quotation -Two things you can do: +A typical error: FTP Error: USER request failed; 500 AUTH not understood. + +Thanks to giacomo boffi ＠email{giacomo.boffi＠(a)polimi.it} who recommends +on comp.emacs.xemacs: + + tell your ftp client to not attempt AUTH authentication (or do not + use FTP servers that don't understand AUTH) -1) C level: +and notes that you need to add an element (often "-u") to +`efs-ftp-program-args'. Use M-x customize-variable, and verify the +needed flag with `man ftp' or other local documentation. + +＠unnumberedsec 2.2: Unix/Mac OS X Installation (Also Relevant to Cygwin, MinGW) -When you see it going mad like this, you might want to use gdb from an -'xterm' to attach to the running process and get a stack trace. To do -this just run: +＠node Q2.2.1, Q2.2.2, Q2.1.7, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.2.1: Libraries in non-standard locations +If your libraries are in a non-standard location, you can specify the location +using the following flags to ＠file{configure}. Under 21.4 or earlier: + ＠example -gdb /path/to/xemacs/xemacs #### +--site-libraries=WHATEVER +--site-includes=WHATEVER ＠end example -Where ＠code{####} is the process id of your xemacs, instead of -specifying the core. When gdb attaches, the xemacs will stop [1] and -you can type `where' in gdb to get a stack trace as usual. To get -things moving again, you can just type `quit' in gdb. It'll tell you -the program is running and ask if you want to quit anyways. Say 'y' and -it'll quit and have your emacs continue from where it was at. - -2) Lisp level: - -Turn on debug-on-quit early on. When you think things are going slow -hit C-g and it may pop you in the debugger so you can see what routine -is running. Press `c' to get going again. +Under 21.5 or later: -debug-on-quit doesn't work if something's turned on inhibit-quit or in -some other strange cases. -＠end quotation +＠example +--with-site-libraries=WHATEVER +--with-site-includes=WHATEVER +＠end example -＠node Q2.1.23, Q2.1.24, Q2.1.22, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.23: Movemail on Linux does not work for XEmacs 19.15 and later. +If you have multiple paths to specify, use the following syntax: -Movemail used to work fine in 19.14 but has stopped working in 19.15 -and 20.x. I am using Linux. +＠example +--site-libraries='/path/one /path/two /path/etc' +＠end example -＠email{steve＠(a)xemacs.org, SL Baur} writes: +If the libraries and headers reside in the directories ＠samp{lib} and +＠samp{include} of a common root (say ＠samp{/sw}) then both can be +specified with a single option: -＠quotation -Movemail on Linux used to default to using flock file locking. With -19.15 and later versions it now defaults to using ＠code{.lock} file -locking. If this is not appropriate for your system, edit src/s/linux.h -and uncomment the line that reads: +＠example +--site-prefixes=WHATEVER +＠end example + +or for 21.5: ＠example -#define MAIL_USE_FLOCK +--with-site-prefixes=WHATEVER ＠end example + +＠node Q2.2.2, Q2.3.1, Q2.2.1, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.2.2: Why can't I strip XEmacs? + +＠email{cognot＠(a)fronsac.ensg.u-nancy.fr, Richard Cognot} writes: + +＠quotation +Because of the way XEmacs (and every other Emacsen, AFAIK) is built. The +link gives you a bare-boned emacs (called temacs). temacs is then run, +preloading some of the lisp files. The result is then dumped into a new +executable, named xemacs, which will contain all of the preloaded lisp +functions and data. + +Now, during the dump itself, the executable (code+data+symbols) is +written on disk using a special unexec() function. This function is +obviously heavily system dependent. And on some systems, it leads to an +executable which, although valid, cannot be stripped without damage. If +memory serves, this is especially the case for AIX binaries. On other +architectures it might work OK. + +The Right Way to strip the emacs binary is to strip temacs prior to +dumping xemacs. This will always work, although you can do that only if +you install from sources (as temacs is ＠file{not} part of the binary +kits). ＠end quotation -＠node Q2.1.24, Q2.1.25, Q2.1.23, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.24: XEmacs won't start without network. +＠email{nat＠(a)nataa.fr.eu.org, Nat Makarevitch} writes: -If XEmacs starts when you're on the network, but fails when you're not -on the network, you may be missing a "localhost" entry in your -＠file{/etc/hosts} file. The file should contain an entry like: +＠quotation +Here is the trick: -＠example -127.0.0.1 localhost -＠end example +＠enumerate +＠item +[ ./configure; make ] -Add that line, and XEmacs will be happy. +＠item +rm src/xemacs + +＠item +strip src/temacs -＠node Q2.1.25, , Q2.1.24, Installation -＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.1.25:: After upgrading, XEmacs won't do `foo' any more! +＠item +make -You have been used to doing `foo', but now when you invoke it (or click -the toolbar button or select the menu item), nothing (or an error) -happens. The simplest explanation is that you are missing a package -that is essential to you. You can either track it down and install it -(there is a list of packages and brief descriptions of their contents in -＠file{etc/PACKAGES}), or install the `Sumo Tarball' (＠pxref{Q2.0.14}). +＠item +cp src/xemacs /usr/local/bin/xemacs -＠c #### should xref to XEmacs manual here +＠item +cp lib-src/DOC-19.16-XEmacs +＠iftex +\ ＠* +＠end iftex +/usr/local/lib/xemacs-19.16/i586-unknown-linuxaout +＠end enumerate +＠end quotation -＠node Customization, Subsystems, Installation, Top -＠unnumbered 3 Customization and Options +＠unnumberedsec 2.3: Windows Installation (Windows, Cygwin, MinGW) -This is part 3 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This -section is devoted to Customization and screen settings. +＠node Q2.3.1, Q2.3.2, Q2.2.2, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.3.1: What exactly are all the different ways to build XEmacs under Windows? -＠menu -Customization---Emacs Lisp and ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: -* Q3.0.1:: What version of Emacs am I running? -* Q3.0.2:: How do I evaluate Elisp expressions? -* Q3.0.3:: ＠code{(setq tab-width 6)} behaves oddly. -* Q3.0.4:: How can I add directories to the ＠code{load-path}? -* Q3.0.5:: How to check if a lisp function is defined? -* Q3.0.6:: Can I force the output of ＠code{(face-list)} to a buffer? -* Q3.0.7:: Font selections don't get saved after ＠code{Save Options}. -* Q3.0.8:: How do I make a single minibuffer frame? -* Q3.0.9:: What is ＠code{Customize}? - -X Window System & Resources: -* Q3.1.1:: Where is a list of X resources? -* Q3.1.2:: How can I detect a color display? -* Q3.1.3:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q3.1.4:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q3.1.5:: How can I get the icon to just say ＠samp{XEmacs}? -* Q3.1.6:: How can I have the window title area display the full path? -* Q3.1.7:: ＠samp{xemacs -name junk} doesn't work? -* Q3.1.8:: ＠samp{-iconic} doesn't work. - -Textual Fonts & Colors: -* Q3.2.1:: How can I set color options from ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}? -* Q3.2.2:: How do I set the text, menu and modeline fonts? -* Q3.2.3:: How can I set the colors when highlighting a region? -* Q3.2.4:: How can I limit color map usage? -* Q3.2.5:: My tty supports color, but XEmacs doesn't use them. -* Q3.2.6:: Can I have pixmap backgrounds in XEmacs? -* Q3.2.7:: How do I display non-ASCII characters? - -The Modeline: -* Q3.3.1:: How can I make the modeline go away? -* Q3.3.2:: How do you have XEmacs display the line number in the modeline? -* Q3.3.3:: How do I get XEmacs to put the time of day on the modeline? -* Q3.3.4:: How do I turn off current chapter from AUC TeX modeline? -* Q3.3.5:: How can one change the modeline color based on the mode used? - -3.4 Multiple Device Support: -* Q3.4.1:: How do I open a frame on another screen of my multi-headed display? -* Q3.4.2:: Can I really connect to a running XEmacs after calling up over a modem? How? - -3.5 The Keyboard: -* Q3.5.1:: How can I bind complex functions (or macros) to keys? -* Q3.5.2:: How can I stop down-arrow from adding empty lines to the bottom of my buffers? -* Q3.5.3:: How do I bind C-. and C-; to scroll one line up and down? -* Q3.5.4:: Globally binding ＠kbd{Delete}? -* Q3.5.5:: Scrolling one line at a time. -* Q3.5.6:: How to map ＠kbd{Help} key alone on Sun type4 keyboard? -* Q3.5.7:: How can you type in special characters in XEmacs? -* Q3.5.8:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q3.5.9:: How do I make the Delete key delete forward? -* Q3.5.10:: Can I turn on ＠dfn{sticky} modifier keys? -* Q3.5.11:: How do I map the arrow keys? - -The Cursor: -* Q3.6.1:: Is there a way to make the bar cursor thicker? -* Q3.6.2:: Is there a way to get back the old block cursor where the cursor covers the character in front of the point? -* Q3.6.3:: Can I make the cursor blink? - -The Mouse and Highlighting: -* Q3.7.1:: How can I turn off Mouse pasting? -* Q3.7.2:: How do I set control/meta/etc modifiers on mouse buttons? -* Q3.7.3:: Clicking the left button does not do anything in buffer list. -* Q3.7.4:: How can I get a list of buffers when I hit mouse button 3? -* Q3.7.5:: Why does cut-and-paste not work between XEmacs and a cmdtool? -* Q3.7.6:: How I can set XEmacs up so that it pastes where the text cursor is? -* Q3.7.7:: How do I select a rectangular region? -* Q3.7.8:: Why does ＠kbd{M-w} take so long? - -The Menubar and Toolbar: -* Q3.8.1:: How do I get rid of the menu (or menubar)? -* Q3.8.2:: Can I customize the basic menubar? -* Q3.8.3:: How do I control how many buffers are listed in the menu ＠code{Buffers} list? -* Q3.8.4:: Resources like ＠code{Emacs*menubar*font} are not working? -* Q3.8.5:: How can I bind a key to a function to toggle the toolbar? - -Scrollbars: -* Q3.9.1:: How can I disable the scrollbar? -* Q3.9.2:: How can one use resources to change scrollbar colors? -* Q3.9.3:: Moving the scrollbar can move the point; can I disable this? -* Q3.9.4:: How can I turn off automatic horizontal scrolling in specific modes? - -Text Selections: -* Q3.10.1:: How can I turn off or change highlighted selections? -* Q3.10.2:: How do I get that typing on an active region removes it? -* Q3.10.3:: Can I turn off the highlight during isearch? -* Q3.10.4:: How do I turn off highlighting after ＠kbd{C-x C-p} (mark-page)? -* Q3.10.5:: The region disappears when I hit the end of buffer while scrolling. -* Q3.10.6:: Why is killing so slow? -＠end menu +XEmacs can be built in several ways in the MS Windows environment. + +The standard way is what we call the "native" port. It uses the Win32 +API and has no connection with X whatsoever -- it does not require X +libraries to build, nor does it require an X server to run. The native +port is the most reliable version and provides the best graphical +support. Almost all development is geared towards this version, and +there is little reason not to use it. + +The second way to build is the Cygwin port. It takes advantage of +Cygnus emulation library under Win32. ＠xref{Q1.2.5, What are Cygwin +and MinGW, and do I need them to run XEmacs?}, for more information. + +A third way is the MinGW port. It uses the Cygwin environment to +build but does not require it at runtime. ＠xref{Q1.2.5, What are +Cygwin and MinGW, and do I need them to run XEmacs?}, for more +information. + +Finally, you might also be able to build the non-Cygwin, non-MinGW "X" +port. This was actually the first version of XEmacs that ran under MS +Windows, and although the code is still in XEmacs, it's essentially +orphaned and it's unlikely it will compile without a lot of work. If +you want an MS Windows versin of XEmacs that supports X, use the Cygwin +version. (The X support there is actively maintained, so that Windows +developers can test the X support in XEmacs.) + +＠node Q2.3.2, Q2.3.3, Q2.3.1, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.3.2: What compiler/libraries do I need to compile XEmacs? + +You need Visual C++ 4.2, 5.0, or 6.0 for the native version. (We have +some beta testers currently trying to compile with VC.NET, aka version +7.0, but we can't yet report complete success.) For the Cygwin and +MinGW versions, you need the Cygwin environment, which comes with GCC, +the compiler used for those versions. ＠xref{Q1.2.5, What are Cygwin +and MinGW, and do I need them to run XEmacs?}, for more information on +Cygwin and MinGW. + +＠node Q2.3.3, Q2.3.4, Q2.3.2, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.3.3: How do I compile the native port? + +Please read the file ＠file{nt/README} in the XEmacs distribution, which +contains the full description. + +＠node Q2.3.4, Q2.3.5, Q2.3.3, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.3.4: What do I need for Cygwin? + +You can find the Cygwin tools and compiler at: + +＠uref{http://www.cygwin.com/} + +Click on the ＠samp{Install or update now!} link, which will download a +file ＠file{setup.exe}, which you can use to download everything +else. (You will need to pick a mirror site; ＠samp{mirrors.rcn.net} is +probably the best.) You should go ahead and install everything -- +you'll get various ancillary libraries that XEmacs needs or likes, +e.g. XPM, PNG, JPEG, TIFF, etc. You can also get X Windows here, if you +want to compile under X. + +If you want to compile without X, you will need the ＠file{xpm-nox} +library, which must be specifically selected in the Cygwin netinstaller; +it is not selected by default. The package has had various names. +Currently it is called ＠file{cygXpm-noX4.dll}. -＠node Q3.0.1, Q3.0.2, Customization, Customization -＠unnumberedsec 3.0: Customization -- Emacs Lisp and ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.1: What version of Emacs am I running? +＠node Q2.3.5, Q2.3.6, Q2.3.4, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.3.5: How do I compile under Cygwin? -How can ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} determine which of the family of -Emacsen I am using? +Similar as on Unix; use the usual `configure' and `make' process. +Some problems to watch out for: -To determine if you are currently running GNU Emacs 18, GNU Emacs 19, -XEmacs 19, XEmacs 20, or Epoch, and use appropriate code, check out the -example given in ＠file{etc/sample.init.el} (＠file{etc/sample.emacs} in -XEmacs versions prior to 21.4). There are other nifty things in there -as well! +＠itemize ＠bullet +＠item +make sure HOME is set. This controls where you +(a)file{init.el} file comes from; -For all new code, all you really need to do is: +＠item +＠samp{CYGWIN} needs to be set to ＠samp{tty} for process support to work; -＠lisp -(defvar running-xemacs (string-match "XEmacs\\|Lucid" emacs-version)) -＠end lisp +＠item +picking up some other grep or other UNIX-like tools can kill configure; -＠node Q3.0.2, Q3.0.3, Q3.0.1, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.2: How can I evaluate Emacs-Lisp expressions? +＠item +static heap too small, adjust ＠file{src/sheap-adjust.h} to a more positive +number; -I know I can evaluate Elisp expressions from ＠code{*scratch*} buffer -with ＠kbd{C-j} after the expression. How do I do it from another -buffer? +＠item +(Unconfirmed) The Cygwin version doesn't understand +＠file{//machine/path} type paths so you will need to manually mount a +directory of this form under a unix style directory for a build to work +on the directory; -Press ＠kbd{M-:} (the default binding of ＠code{eval-expression}), and -enter the expression to the minibuffer. +＠item +If you're building ＠strong{WITHOUT} X11, don't forget to change symlinks +(a)file{/usr/lib/libXpm.a} and ＠file{/usr/lib/libXpm.dll.a} to point to +the non-X versions of these libraries. By default they point to the X +versions. So: -＠node Q3.0.3, Q3.0.4, Q3.0.2, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.3: ＠code{(setq tab-width 6)} behaves oddly. +＠example +/usr/lib/libXpm.a -> /usr/lib/libXpm-noX.a +/usr/lib/libXpm.dll.a -> /usr/lib/libXpm-noX.dll.a +＠end example -If you put ＠code{(setq tab-width 6)} in your -＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} file it does not work! Is there a reason -for this? If you do it at the EVAL prompt it works fine!! How strange. +(This advice may now be obsolete because of the availability of the +cygXpm-noX4.dll package from Cygwin. Send confirmation to +＠email{faq＠(a)xemacs.org}.) -Use ＠code{setq-default} instead, since ＠code{tab-width} is -all-buffer-local. +＠item +Other problems are listed in the ＠file{PROBLEMS} file, in the top-level +directory of the XEmacs sources. -＠node Q3.0.4, Q3.0.5, Q3.0.3, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.4: How can I add directories to the ＠code{load-path}? +＠end itemize -Here are two ways to do that, one that puts your directories at the -front of the load-path, the other at the end: -＠lisp -;;; Add things at the beginning of the load-path, do not add -;;; duplicate directories: -(pushnew "bar" load-path :test 'equal) +＠node Q2.3.6, Q2.3.7, Q2.3.5, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.3.6: How do I compile using MinGW (aka ＠samp{the -mno-cygwin flag to gcc})? -(pushnew "foo" load-path :test 'equal) +Similar to the method for Unix. Things to remember: -;;; Add things at the end, unconditionally -(setq load-path (nconc load-path '("foo" "bar"))) -＠end lisp +＠itemize ＠bullet +＠item +Specify the target host on the command line for ＠file{./configure}, e.g. +(a)samp{./configure i586-pc-mingw32}. -＠email{keithh＠(a)nortel.ca, keith (k.p.) hanlan} writes: +＠item +Be sure that your build directory is mounted such that it has the +same path either as a cygwin path (＠file{/build/xemacs}) or as a Windows +path (＠file{c:\build\xemacs}). -＠quotation -To add directories using Unix shell metacharacters use -＠file{expand-file-name} like this: +＠item +Build ＠samp{gcc -mno-cygwin} versions of the extra libs, i.e. ＠file{libpng}, +＠file{compface}, etc. -＠lisp -(push (expand-file-name "~keithh/.emacsdir") load-path) -＠end lisp -＠end quotation +＠item +Specify the target location of the extra libs on the command line +to ＠file{configure}, e.g.for 21.4 or earlier +(a)samp{./configure --site-prefixes=/build/libs i586-pc-mingw32} and for +21.5 or later +(a)samp{./configure --with-site-prefixes=/build/libs i586-pc-mingw32}. +＠end itemize -＠node Q3.0.5, Q3.0.6, Q3.0.4, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.5: How to check if a lisp function is defined? +＠node Q2.3.7, Q2.3.8, Q2.3.6, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.3.7: How do I compile with X support? -Use the following elisp: +To compile under Cygwin, all you need to do is install XFree86, which +is available as part of the standard Cygwin installation. +＠uref{http://www.cygwin.com/}. Once installed, ＠file{configure} +should automatically find the X libraries and compile with X support. -＠lisp -(fboundp 'foo) -＠end lisp +As noted above, the non-Cygwin X support is basically orphaned, and +probably won't work. But if it want to try, it's described in +＠file{nt/README} in some detail. Basically, you need to get X11 +libraries from ＠uref{http://ftp.x.org}, and compile them. If the +precompiled versions are available somewhere, we don't know of it. -It's almost always a mistake to test ＠code{emacs-version} or any similar -variables. +＠node Q2.3.8, Q2.4.1, Q2.3.7, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.3.8: Cygwin XEmacs won't start -- cygXpm-noX4.dll was not found (NEW) -Instead, use feature-tests, such as ＠code{featurep}, ＠code{boundp}, -＠code{fboundp}, or even simple behavioral tests, eg.: +The Cygwin binary distributed with the netinstaller uses an external DLL +to handle XPM images (such as toolbar buttons). You may get an error like -＠lisp -(defvar foo-old-losing-code-p - (condition-case nil (progn (losing-code t) nil) - (wrong-number-of-arguments t))) -＠end lisp +＠example +This application has failed to start because cygXpm-noX4.dll was not found. +Re-installing the application may fix this problem. +＠end example -There is an incredible amount of broken code out there which could work -much better more often in more places if it did the above instead of -trying to divine its environment from the value of one variable. +Andy Piper <andy＠(a)xemacs.org&gt; sez: -＠node Q3.0.6, Q3.0.7, Q3.0.5, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.6: Can I force the output of ＠code{(face-list)} to a buffer? +＠example +cygXpm-noX4 is part of the cygwin distribution under libraries or +graphics, but is not installed by default. You need to run the +cygwin setup again and select this package. +＠end example -It would be good having it in a buffer, as the output of -＠code{(face-list)} is too wide to fit to a minibuffer. +Ie, reinstalling XEmacs won't help because it is not part of the XEmacs +distribution. -Evaluate the expression in the ＠samp{*scratch*} buffer with point after -the rightmost paren and typing ＠kbd{C-j}. +＠unnumberedsec 2.4: General Troubleshooting -If the minibuffer smallness is the only problem you encounter, you can -simply press ＠kbd{C-h l} to get the former minibuffer contents in a -buffer. +＠node Q2.4.1, Q2.4.2, Q2.3.8, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.4.1: How do I deal with bugs or with problems building, installing, or running? -＠node Q3.0.7, Q3.0.8, Q3.0.6, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.7: Font selections in don't get saved after ＠code{Save Options}. +The file ＠file{PROBLEMS} contains information on many common problems that +occur in building, installing and running XEmacs. -＠email{mannj＠(a)ll.mit.edu, John Mann} writes: +Reports of bugs in XEmacs should be sent to +＠email{xemacs-beta＠(a)xemacs.org}. You can also post to the newsgroup +comp.emacs.xemacs (or equivalentlt, send to the mailing list +＠email{xemacs＠(a)xemacs.org}), but it is less likely that the developers +will see it in a timely fashion. ＠xref{Bugs,,, xemacs, the XEmacs +User's Manual}, for more information on how to report bugs. +(a)xref{Q1.4.2}, for more information on mailing lists relating to +XEmacs. -＠quotation -You have to go to Options->Frame Appearance and unselect -＠samp{Frame-Local Font Menu}. If this option is selected, font changes -are only applied to the ＠emph{current} frame and do ＠emph{not} get saved -when you save options. -＠end quotation +There are three ways to read the Bugs section. -Also, set the following in your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +＠enumerate +＠item +In a printed copy of the XEmacs manual. -＠lisp -(setq options-save-faces t) -＠end lisp +＠item +With Info. First, start XEmacs. From the menu, select +＠samp{Help->Info (Online Docs)->Info Contents} to enter Info, then +click on ＠samp{XEmacs}, then on ＠samp{Bugs}. Or, use the keyboard: do +＠kbd{C-h i} to enter Info, then ＠kbd{m XEmacs RET} to get to the Emacs +manual, then ＠kbd{m Bugs RET} to get to the section on bugs. Or use +standalone Info in a like manner. (Standalone Info is part of the +Texinfo distribution, not part of the XEmacs distribution.) -＠node Q3.0.8, Q3.0.9, Q3.0.7, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.8: How do I get a single minibuffer frame? +＠item +By hand. Do +＠example +cat info/xemacs* | more "+/^File: xemacs.info, Node: Bugs," +＠end example +＠end enumerate -＠email{acs＠(a)acm.org, Vin Shelton} writes: +＠node Q2.4.2, Q2.4.3, Q2.4.1, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.4.2: Help! XEmacs just crashed on me! -＠lisp -(setq initial-frame-plist '(minibuffer nil)) -(setq default-frame-plist '(minibuffer nil)) -(setq default-minibuffer-frame - (make-frame - '(minibuffer only - width 86 - height 1 - menubar-visible-p nil - default-toolbar-visible-p nil - name "minibuffer" - top -2 - left -2 - has-modeline-p nil))) -(frame-notice-user-settings) -＠end lisp +First of all, don't panic. Whenever XEmacs crashes, it tries extremely +hard to auto-save all of your files before dying. (The main time that +this will not happen is if the machine physically lost power or if you +killed the XEmacs process using ＠code{kill -9}). The next time you try +to edit those files, you will be informed that a more recent auto-save +file exists. You can use ＠kbd{M-x recover-file} to retrieve the +auto-saved version of the file. -＠strong{Please note:} The single minibuffer frame may not be to everyone's -taste, and there any number of other XEmacs options settings that may -make it difficult or inconvenient to use. +You can use the command ＠kbd{M-x recover-session} after a crash to pick +up where you left off. -＠node Q3.0.9, Q3.1.1, Q3.0.8, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.9: What is ＠code{Customize}? +Now, XEmacs is not perfect, and there may occasionally be times, or +particular sequences of actions, that cause it to crash. If you can +come up with a reproducible way of doing this (or even if you have a +pretty good memory of exactly what you were doing at the time), the +maintainers would be very interested in knowing about it. The best +way to report a bug is using ＠kbd{M-x report-emacs-bug} (or by +selecting ＠samp{Send Bug Report...} from the Help menu). If that +won't work (e.g. you can't get XEmacs working at all), send ordinary +mail to ＠email{xemacs-beta＠(a)xemacs.org}. ＠emph{MAKE SURE} to include +the output from the crash, especially including the Lisp backtrace, as +well as the XEmacs configuration from ＠kbd{M-x describe-installation} +(or equivalently, the file ＠file{Installation} in the top of the build +tree). Note that the developers do ＠emph{not} usually follow +(a)samp{comp.emacs.xemacs} on a regular basis; thus, this is better for +general questions about XEmacs than bug reports. -Starting with XEmacs 20.2 there is new system 'Customize' for customizing -XEmacs options. +If at all possible, include a C stack backtrace of the core dump that +was produced. This shows where exactly things went wrong, and makes +it much easier to diagnose problems. To do this under Unix and Mac OS +X, you need to locate the core file (it's called ＠file{core}, and is +usually sitting in the directory that you started XEmacs from, or your +home directory if that other directory was not writable). Then, go to +that directory and execute a command like: -You can access ＠code{Customize} from the ＠code{Options} menu -or invoking one of customize commands by typing eg. -＠kbd{M-x customize}, ＠kbd{M-x customize-face}, -＠kbd{M-x customize-variable} or ＠kbd{M-x customize-apropos}. +＠example +gdb `which xemacs` core +＠end example -Starting with XEmacs 20.3 there is also new `browser' mode for Customize. -Try it out with ＠kbd{M-x customize-browse} +and then issue the command ＠samp{where} to get the stack backtrace. You +might have to use ＠code{dbx} or some similar debugger in place of +＠code{gdb}. If you don't have any such debugger available, complain to +your system administrator. -＠node Q3.1.1, Q3.1.2, Q3.0.9, Customization -＠unnumberedsec 3.1: X Window System & Resources -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.1.1: Where is a list of X resources? +It's possible that a core file didn't get produced or the stack trace +from gdb is garbage, in which case you're out of luck unless you can +reproduce the bug. A nonexistent core file can happen in some +circumstances on some operating systems, depending on what exactly +triggered the crash. It's also possible, however, that your limits +are set to turn them off. You may be able to reenable them using a +command like ＠samp{unlimit coredumpsize} or ＠samp{ulimit -c}. (To find +out how your limits are set, use the command ＠samp{limit}.) However, if +you didn't explicitly set your limits this way, go complain to your +system administrator and tell him not to disable core files by +default. + +A garbaged stack trace can happen for various reasons. Some versions +of gdb are broken on certain operating systems and aren't able to read +the core file. It's also possible that the stack got overwritten +during the crash. A very simple reason, however, is that your version +of XEmacs was compiled without debugging information or had the +debugging information stripped. A compilation with optimization can +also result in partly or completely garbaged stack trace. In such +cases, you will need to recompile XEmacs with debugging information +and without optimization; ＠xref{Q2.4.4, How to debug an XEmacs problem +with a debugger}. Note also that core files currently don't work at +all under Cygwin, and the only way to get a backtrace is to run XEmacs +from gdb. + +If you cannot get a backtrace from the core dump, but can reproduce +the problem, try running XEmacs under gdb. The goal is to get clean C +and Lisp backtraces and submit a bug report including full +configuration information as described above, as this will greatly +assist in the process of tracking down the bug. However, even partial +information is better than none. The process of getting backtraces +from gdb is described in detail in ＠ref{Q2.4.4, How to debug an XEmacs +problem with a debugger}. -Search through the ＠file{NEWS} file for ＠samp{X Resources}. A fairly -comprehensive list is given after it. +If you're under Microsoft Windows, you're out of luck unless you happen +to have a debugging aid installed on your system, for example Visual +C++. In this case, the crash will result in a message giving you the +option to enter a debugger (for example, by pressing ＠samp{Cancel}). Do +this and locate the stack-trace window. (If your XEmacs was built +without debugging information, the stack trace may not be very useful.) -In addition, an ＠file{app-defaults} file ＠file{etc/Emacs.ad} is -supplied, listing the defaults. The file ＠file{etc/sample.Xresources} -gives a different set of defaults that you might consider for -installation in your ＠file{~/.Xresources} file. It is nearly the same -as ＠file{etc/Emacs.ad}, but a few entries are altered. Be careful about -installing the contents of this file into your ＠file{.Xresources} (or -legacy ＠file{.Xdefaults}) file if you use GNU Emacs under X11 as well. +When making a problem report make sure that: -＠node Q3.1.2, Q3.1.3, Q3.1.1, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.1.2: How can I detect a color display? +＠enumerate +＠item +Report ＠strong{all} of the information output by XEmacs during the +crash. -You can test the return value of the function ＠code{(device-class)}, as -in: +＠item +You mention what O/S and Hardware you are running XEmacs on. -＠lisp -(when (eq (device-class) 'color) - (set-face-foreground 'font-lock-comment-face "Grey") - (set-face-foreground 'font-lock-string-face "Red") - .... - ) -＠end lisp +＠item +What version of XEmacs you are running. -＠node Q3.1.3, Q3.1.4, Q3.1.2, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.1.3: [This question intentionally left blank] +＠item +What build options you are using. -＠node Q3.1.4, Q3.1.5, Q3.1.3, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.1.4: [This question intentionally left blank] +＠item +If the problem is related to graphics and you are running Unix or Mac +OS X, we will also need to know what version of the X Window System +you are running, and what window manager you are using. -＠node Q3.1.5, Q3.1.6, Q3.1.4, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.1.5: How can I get the icon to just say ＠samp{XEmacs}? +＠item +If the problem happened on a TTY, please include the terminal type. -I'd like the icon to just say ＠samp{XEmacs}, and not include the name of -the current file in it. +＠item +Try very hard to get both C and Lisp backtraces, as described above. +＠end enumerate -Add the following line to your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +Much of the information above is automatically generated by ＠kbd{M-x +report-emacs-bug}. Even more, and often useful, information can be +generated by redirecting the output of ＠code{make} and ＠code{make check} +to a file (＠file{beta.err} is the default used by ＠code{build-report}), +and executing ＠kbd{M-x build-report}. -＠lisp -(setq frame-icon-title-format "XEmacs") -＠end lisp -＠node Q3.1.6, Q3.1.7, Q3.1.5, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.1.6: How can I have the window title area display the full path? +＠node Q2.4.3, Q2.4.4, Q2.4.2, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.4.3: XEmacs crashes and I compiled it myself. -I'd like to have the window title area display the full directory/name -of the current buffer file and not just the name. +There have been a variety of reports of crashes due to compilers with +buggy optimizers. If you are compiling with optimization, consider +turning it off (＠pxref{Q2.4.4, How to debug an XEmacs problem with a +debugger}) and recompiling. + +Please see the ＠file{PROBLEMS} file that comes with XEmacs (it's in +the top-level source directory) to read what it says about your +platform. + +If you compiled XEmacs 21.4 or ealier using ＠samp{--use-union-type}, or +21.5 or later using ＠samp{--enable-union-type} (or in either case used +the option ＠samp{USE_UNION_TYPE} in ＠file{config.inc} under Windows), +try recompiling again without it. The union type has been known to +trigger compiler errors in a number of cases. -Add the following line to your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +＠node Q2.4.4, Q2.4.5, Q2.4.3, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.4.4: How to debug an XEmacs problem with a debugger -＠lisp -(setq frame-title-format "%S: %f") -＠end lisp +If XEmacs does crash on you, one of the most productive things you can +do to help get the bug fixed is to poke around a bit with the debugger. +Here are some hints: -A more sophisticated title might be: +＠itemize ＠bullet +＠item +First of all, if the crash is at all reproducible, consider very +strongly recompiling your XEmacs with debugging symbols and with no +optimization (e.g. with GCC use the compiler flags ＠samp{-g -O0} -- +that's an "oh" followed by a zero), and with the configure options +＠samp{--debug=yes} and ＠samp{--error-checking=all} +(＠samp{--enable-debug=yes} and ＠samp{--enable-error-checking=all} on +XEmacs 21.5 or later). This will make your XEmacs run somewhat slower, +but you are a lot more likely to catch the problem earlier (closer to +its source). It makes it a lot easier to determine what's going on with +a debugger. The way to control the compiler flags is with the +configuration option ＠samp{--cflags} (＠samp{--with-cflags} in 21.5). If +you have a recent version of 21.5, you should use +＠samp{--without-optimization} in preference to directly setting +＠samp{--cflags}. -＠lisp -(setq frame-title-format - '("%S: " (buffer-file-name "%f" - (dired-directory dired-directory "%b")))) -＠end lisp +＠item +If it's not a true crash (＠emph{i.e.}, XEmacs is hung, or a zombie +process), or it's inconvenient to run XEmacs again because XEmacs is +already running or is running in batch mode as part of a bunch of +scripts, you may be able to attach to the existing process with your +debugger. Under Unix and Mac OS X, the typical way to do this is to +first use some variant of the ＠samp{ps} command to figure out the +process ID of XEmacs, for example ＠samp{ps -auxww | grep xemacs} under +a BSD variant, ＠samp{ps -elf | grep xemacs} under Linux or System V, +or ＠samp{ps -aW | grep xemacs} under Cygwin. Then run -That is, use the file name, or the dired-directory, or the buffer name. +＠example +gdb /path/to/xemacs/xemacs #### +＠end example -＠node Q3.1.7, Q3.1.8, Q3.1.6, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.1.7: ＠samp{xemacs -name junk} doesn't work? +Where ＠code{####} is the process id of your XEmacs. (If you're not +sure, try using ＠samp{which xemacs}.) When gdb attaches, the xemacs +will stop and you can type ＠samp{where} in gdb to get a stack trace as +usual. To get things moving again, you can just type ＠samp{quit} in +gdb. It'll tell you the program is running and ask if you want to +quit anyways. Say ＠samp{y} and it'll quit and have your emacs +continue from where it was at. + +If you're running another debugger, a similar method may work, or you +may have to run the debugger first and then use the ＠code{attach} +command or something similar. + +Under Microsoft Windows, use the menu item ＠samp{Build->Start +Debug->Attach to Process...} and select the XEmacs process from the list +given. -When I run ＠samp{xterm -name junk}, I get an xterm whose class name -according to xprop, is ＠samp{junk}. This is the way it's supposed to -work, I think. When I run ＠samp{xemacs -name junk} the class name is -not set to ＠samp{junk}. It's still ＠samp{emacs}. What does -＠samp{xemacs -name} really do? The reason I ask is that my window -manager (fvwm) will make a window sticky and I use XEmacs to read my -mail. I want that XEmacs window to be sticky, without having to use the -window manager's function to set the window sticky. What gives? +＠item +If you're able to run XEmacs under a debugger and reproduce the crash, +here are some things you can do: -＠samp{xemacs -name} sets the application name for the program (that is, -the thing which normally comes from ＠samp{argv[0]}). Using ＠samp{-name} -is the same as making a copy of the executable with that new name. The -＠code{WM_CLASS} property on each frame is set to the frame-name, and the -application-class. So, if you did ＠samp{xemacs -name FOO} and then -created a frame named ＠var{BAR}, you'd get an X window with WM_CLASS = -＠code{( "BAR", "Emacs")}. However, the resource hierarchy for this -widget would be: +＠item +If XEmacs is hitting an assertion failure, put a breakpoint on +＠code{assert_failed()}. -＠example -Name: FOO .shell .container .BAR -Class: Emacs .TopLevelEmacsShell.EmacsManager.EmacsFrame -＠end example +＠item +If XEmacs is hitting some weird Lisp error that's causing it to crash +(e.g. during startup), put a breakpoint on ＠code{signal_1()}---this is +declared static in ＠file{eval.c}. -instead of the default +＠item +If XEmacs is outputting lots of X errors, put a breakpoint on +＠code{x_error_handler()}; that will tell you which call is causing +them. Note that the result may not be very useful by default because +X Windows normally operates asynchronously: A bunch of commands are +buffered up and then sent to the server all at once. This greatly +improves performance over a network but means that an error may not be +reported until the server receives the commands, which can be long +after XEmacs made the erroneous calls. For best results, you need to +make the X server synchronous before getting the backtrace. This can +be done by starting XEmacs with the ＠samp{-sync} option or executing +the Lisp code ＠code{(x-debug-mode t)}. + +＠item +Internally, you will probably see lots of variables that hold objects of +type ＠code{Lisp_Object}. These are references to Lisp objects. +Printing them out with the debugger probably won't be too +useful---you'll likely just see a number. To decode them, do this: ＠example -Name: xemacs.shell .container .emacs -Class: Emacs .TopLevelEmacsShell.EmacsManager.EmacsFrame +call debug_print (OBJECT) ＠end example +where ＠var{OBJECT} is whatever you want to decode (it can be a variable, +a function call, etc.). This uses the Lisp printing routines to out a +readable representation on the TTY from which the xemacs process was +invoked. -It is arguable that the first element of WM_CLASS should be set to the -application-name instead of the frame-name, but I think that's less -flexible, since it does not give you the ability to have multiple frames -with different WM_CLASS properties. Another possibility would be for -the default frame name to come from the application name instead of -simply being ＠samp{emacs}. However, at this point, making that change -would be troublesome: it would mean that many users would have to make -yet another change to their resource files (since the default frame name -would suddenly change from ＠samp{emacs} to ＠samp{xemacs}, or whatever -the executable happened to be named), so we'd rather avoid it. +Under 21.5 and later, ＠code{dp} is defined as an easier-to-type equivalent +of ＠code{debug_print}. You can also try ＠code{dpa} if you can't see +the output from ＠code{debug_print} (this will return a string containing +the output), or use ＠code{debug_p3} if ＠code{debug_print} itself triggers +a crash (this is a less comprehensive but super-safe way to print out +a Lisp object). -To make a frame with a particular name use: +＠item +If you want to get a Lisp backtrace showing the Lisp call +stack, do this: -＠lisp -(make-frame '((name . "the-name"))) -＠end lisp +＠example +call debug_backtrace () +＠end example -＠node Q3.1.8, Q3.2.1, Q3.1.7, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.1.8: ＠samp{-iconic} doesn't work. +Under 21.5 and later, ＠code{db} is defined as an easier-to-type equivalent +of ＠code{debug_backtrace}. -When I start up XEmacs using ＠samp{-iconic} it doesn't work right. -Using ＠samp{-unmapped} on the command line, and setting the -＠code{initiallyUnmapped} X Resource don't seem to help much either... +＠item +Using ＠code{debug_print} and ＠code{debug_backtrace} has two +disadvantages - they can only be used with a running (including hung +or zombie) xemacs process, and they do not display the internal C +structure of a Lisp Object. Even if all you've got is a core dump, +all is not lost. -＠email{ben＠(a)xemacs.org, Ben Wing} writes: +If you're using GDB, there are some macros in the file +(a)file{src/.gdbinit} in the XEmacs source distribution that should make +it easier for you to decode Lisp objects. This file is automatically +read by gdb if gdb is run in the directory where xemacs was built, and +contains these useful macros to inspect the state of xemacs: -＠quotation -Ugh, this stuff is such an incredible mess that I've about given up -getting it to work. The principal problem is numerous window-manager -bugs... -＠end quotation +＠table ＠code +＠item pobj +Usage: pobj lisp_object ＠* +Print the internal C representation of a lisp object. -＠node Q3.2.1, Q3.2.2, Q3.1.8, Customization -＠unnumberedsec 3.2: Textual Fonts & Colors -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.2.1: How can I set color options from ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}? +＠item xtype +Usage: xtype lisp_object ＠* +Print the Lisp type of a lisp object. -How can I set the most commonly used color options from my -＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} instead of from my ＠file{.Xresources}? +＠item lbt +Usage: lbt ＠* +Print the current Lisp stack trace. +Requires a running xemacs process. (It works by calling the db +routine described above.) -Like this: +＠item ldp +Usage: ldp lisp_object ＠* +Print a Lisp Object value using the Lisp printer. +Requires a running xemacs process. (It works by calling the dp +routine described above.) -＠lisp -(set-face-background 'default "bisque") ; frame background -(set-face-foreground 'default "black") ; normal text -(set-face-background 'zmacs-region "red") ; When selecting w/ - ; mouse -(set-face-foreground 'zmacs-region "yellow") -(set-face-font 'default "*courier-bold-r*120-100-100*") -(set-face-background 'highlight "blue") ; Ie when selecting - ; buffers -(set-face-foreground 'highlight "yellow") -(set-face-background 'modeline "blue") ; Line at bottom - ; of buffer -(set-face-foreground 'modeline "white") -(set-face-font 'modeline "*bold-r-normal*140-100-100*") -(set-face-background 'isearch "yellow") ; When highlighting - ; while searching -(set-face-foreground 'isearch "red") -(setq x-pointer-foreground-color "black") ; Adds to bg color, - ; so keep black -(setq x-pointer-background-color "blue") ; This is color - ; you really - ; want ptr/crsr -＠end lisp +＠item run-temacs +Usage: run-temacs ＠* +Run temacs interactively, like xemacs. +Use this with debugging tools (like purify) that cannot deal with dumping, +or when temacs builds successfully, but xemacs does not. -＠node Q3.2.2, Q3.2.3, Q3.2.1, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.2.2: How do I set the text, menu and modeline fonts? +＠item dump-temacs +Usage: dump-temacs ＠* +Run the dumping part of the build procedure. +Use when debugging temacs, not xemacs! +Use this when temacs builds successfully, but xemacs does not. -Note that you should use ＠samp{Emacs.} and not ＠samp{Emacs*} when -setting face values. +＠item check-xemacs +Usage: check-xemacs ＠* +Run the test suite. Equivalent to 'make check'. -In ＠file{.Xresources}: +＠item check-temacs +Usage: check-temacs ＠* +Run the test suite on temacs. Equivalent to 'make check-temacs'. +Use this with debugging tools (like purify) that cannot deal with dumping, +or when temacs builds successfully, but xemacs does not. +＠end table -＠example -Emacs.default.attributeFont: -*-*-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-m-*-*-* -Emacs*menubar*font: fixed -Emacs.modeline.attributeFont: fixed -＠end example +If you are using Sun's ＠file{dbx} debugger, there is an equivalent file +(a)file{src/.dbxrc}, which defines the same commands for dbx. -This is confusing because ＠samp{default} and ＠samp{modeline} are face -names, and can be found listed with all faces in the current mode by -using ＠kbd{M-x set-face-font (enter) ?}. They use the face-specific -resource ＠samp{attributeFont}. +＠item +If you're using a debugger to get a C stack backtrace and you're seeing +stack traces with some of the innermost frames mangled, it may be due to +dynamic linking. (This happens especially under Linux.) Consider +reconfiguring with ＠samp{--dynamic=no} (＠samp{--with-dynamic=no} in 21.5 +or later). Also, sometimes (again under Linux), stack backtraces of +core dumps will have the frame where the fatal signal occurred mangled; +if you can obtain a stack trace while running the XEmacs process under a +debugger, the stack trace should be clean. -On the other hand, ＠samp{menubar} is a normal X thing that uses the -resource ＠samp{font}. With Motif it ＠emph{may be} necessary to use -＠samp{fontList} ＠emph{instead of} ＠samp{font}. In ＠emph{non-Motif} -configurations with Mule it ＠emph{is} necessary to use ＠samp{fontSet} -instead of ＠samp{font}. (Sorry, there just is no simple recipe here.) +＠email{1CMC3466＠(a)ibm.mtsac.edu, Curtiss} suggests upgrading to ld.so +version 1.8 if dynamic linking and debugging is a problem on Linux. -＠node Q3.2.3, Q3.2.4, Q3.2.2, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.2.3: How can I set the colors when highlighting a region? +＠item +If you're using a debugger to get a C stack backtrace and you're +getting a completely mangled and bogus stack trace, it's probably due to +one of the following: -How can I set the background/foreground colors when highlighting a -region? +＠enumerate a +＠item +Your executable has been stripped. Bad news. Tell your sysadmin not to +do this---it doesn't accomplish anything except to save a bit of disk +space, and makes debugging much much harder. -You can change the face ＠code{zmacs-region} either in your -(a)file{.Xresources}: +＠item +Your stack is getting trashed. Debugging this is hard; you have to do a +binary-search type of narrowing down where the crash occurs, until you +figure out exactly which line is causing the problem. Of course, this +only works if the bug is highly reproducible. Also, in many cases if +you run XEmacs from the debugger, the debugger can protect the stack +somewhat. However, if the stack is being smashed, it is typically the +case that there is a wild pointer somewhere in the program, often quite +far from where the crash occurs. -＠example -Emacs.zmacs-region.attributeForeground: firebrick -Emacs.zmacs-region.attributeBackground: lightseagreen -＠end example +＠item +If your stack trace has exactly one frame in it, with address 0x0, this +could simply mean that XEmacs attempted to execute code at that address, +e.g. through jumping to a null function pointer. Unfortunately, under +those circumstances, GDB under Linux doesn't know how to get a stack +trace. (Yes, this is the fourth Linux-related problem I've mentioned. I +have no idea why GDB under Linux is so bogus. Complain to the GDB +authors, or to comp.os.linux.development.system.) Again, you'll have to +use the narrowing-down process described above. -or in your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +＠item +You will get a Lisp backtrace output when XEmacs crashes, so you'll have +something useful. -＠lisp -(set-face-background 'zmacs-region "red") -(set-face-foreground 'zmacs-region "yellow") -＠end lisp +＠end enumerate -＠node Q3.2.4, Q3.2.5, Q3.2.3, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.2.4: How can I limit color map usage? +＠item +If you compile with the newer gcc variants gcc-2.8 or egcs, you will +also need gdb 4.17 or above. Earlier releases of gdb can't handle the +debug information generated by the newer compilers. -I'm using Netscape (or another color grabber like XEmacs); -is there any way to limit the number of available colors in the color map? +＠item +In versions of XEmacs before 21.2.27, ＠file{src/.gdbinit} was named +＠file{src/gdbinit}. This had the disadvantage of not being sourced +automatically by gdb, so you had to set that up yourself. -Answer: No, but you can start Netscape before XEmacs, and it will use -the closest available color if the colormap is full. You can also limit -the number of colors Netscape uses, using the flags -mono, -ncols <#> or --install (for mono, limiting to <#> colors, or for using a private color -map). +＠item +If you are running Microsoft Windows, the the file ＠file{nt/README} for +further information about debugging XEmacs. -If you have the money, another solution would be to use a truecolor or -direct color video. +＠end itemize -＠node Q3.2.5, Q3.2.6, Q3.2.4, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.2.5: My tty supports color, but XEmacs doesn't use them. +＠node Q2.4.5, Q2.4.6, Q2.4.4, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.4.5: I get a cryptic error message when trying to do something. -XEmacs tries to automatically determine whether your tty supports color, -but sometimes guesses wrong. In that case, you can make XEmacs Do The -Right Thing using this Lisp code: +When I try to use some particular option of some particular package, I +get a cryptic error message in the minibuffer. -＠lisp -(if (eq 'tty (device-type)) - (set-device-class nil 'color)) -＠end lisp +If the message went by too quickly, use ＠samp{Help->Recent Messages} +from the menubar (or type ＠kbd{C-h l}) to see recent messages. -＠node Q3.2.6, Q3.2.7, Q3.2.5, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.2.6: Can I have pixmap backgrounds in XEmacs? -＠c New -＠email{jvillaci＠(a)wahnsinnig.extreme.indiana.edu, Juan Villacis} writes: +If you can't figure out what's going on, select +＠samp{Options->Troubleshooting->Debug on Error} from the menubar (or +type ＠kbd{M-:} then ＠kbd{(setq debug-on-error t)}) then try and make +the error happen again. This will put in the debugger (you can get +out of this and continue what you were doing before by typing ＠kbd{c}) +and give you a backtrace that may be enlightening. If not, try +reading through this FAQ; if that fails, you could try posting to +(a)samp{comp.emacs.xemacs} (making sure to include the backtrace) and +someone may be able to help. If you can identify which XEmacs Lisp +source file the error is coming from you can get a more detailed stack +backtrace by doing the following: -＠quotation -There are several ways to do it. For example, you could specify a -default pixmap image to use in your ＠file{~/.Xresources}, e.g., +＠enumerate +＠item +Visit the .el file in an XEmacs buffer. + +＠item +Issue the command ＠kbd{M-x eval-current-buffer}. +＠item +Reproduce the error. +＠end enumerate -＠example - Emacs*EmacsFrame.default.attributeBackgroundPixmap: /path/to/image.xpm -＠end example +For more information on debugging Lisp code, ＠xref{Debugging,,, +lispref, XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual}. +＠node Q2.4.6, Q2.4.7, Q2.4.5, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.4.6: XEmacs hangs when I try to do something. -and then reload ~/.Xresources and restart XEmacs. Alternatively, -since each face can have its own pixmap background, a better way -would be to set a face's pixmap within your XEmacs init file, e.g., +XEmacs might just be slow; some operations take a long time. XEmacs +may also be waiting on a response from the network, for example when +you are trying to send mail. + +You can usually interrupt XEmacs by typing ＠kbd{C-g}. If not (for +example, Lisp code explicitly disabled this by setting +＠code{inhibit-quit}), you can use the "critical quit" mechanism by +typing ＠kbd{Control-Shift-G}. This should also pop you into the +debugger and give you a backtrace, which can tell you where the +problem is (＠pxref{Q2.4.4, How to debug an XEmacs problem with a +debugger}). (Note that setting ＠code{debug-on-quit} or selecting +＠samp{Options->Troubleshooting->Debug on Quit} will also cause regular +＠kbd{C-g} to enter the debugger and give you a backtrace.) + +If you can't interrupt XEmacs this way, or for some reason XEmacs is +not talking to the keyboard, you can try sending the ＠samp{SIGINT} +signal using the ＠samp{kill} command. + +If the Lisp backtrace isn't enlightening, or if XEmacs is so hung that +you can't interrupt it at all, you could try attaching to the process +and getting a C stack backtrace. ＠xref{Q2.4.4, How to debug an XEmacs +problem with a debugger}. + +＠node Q2.4.7, Q2.4.8, Q2.4.6, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.4.7: I get an error message when XEmacs is running in batch mode. + +Typically this happens when you are trying to compile some Elisp code. +If you are doing this as part of XEmacs or the XEmacs packages, you +should automatically get a backtrace, which can help you determine the +source of the problem. In other cases, you can get equivalent results +by setting the environment variable ＠samp{XEMACSDEBUG} to ＠samp{(setq +stack-trace-on-error t load-always-display-messages t +load-ignore-out-of-date-elc-files t load-show-full-path-in-messages +t)} (this needs to be all on one line; to set an environment variable, +use ＠samp{export XEMACSDEBUG='FOO'} under ＠samp{bash}, ＠samp{zsh}, +etc. or ＠samp{setenv XEMACSDEBUG 'FOO'} under ＠samp{csh} and +＠samp{tcsh}). ＠samp{XEMACSDEBUG} specifies Lisp code that will be +executed at startup time. + +If the backtrace is not sufficiently useful in helping you diagnose +the problem, you should consider using a debugger such as GDB. +(a)xref{Q2.4.4, How to debug an XEmacs problem with a debugger}. You +probably want to set a breakpoint on ＠code{signal_1}. Since such +errors often occur during compiling, which is often triggered by a +complex command run from a make suite, it may be easier to attach to +the process once it's running. + +Under Microsoft Windows (and perhaps other operating systems), there is +another useful trick you can do if you have configured with debugging +support (configure option ＠samp{--debug} (＠samp{--with-debug} in 21.5) +or setting ＠samp{DEBUG_XEMACS} in ＠file{nt/config.inc}). Set the +environment variable ＠samp{XEMACSDEBUG} (as described above) to +＠samp{(setq debug-on-error t)}. Then, when an error occurs +noninteractively, instead of trying to invoke the Lisp debugger (which +obviously won't work), XEmacs will break out to a C debugger using +＠code{(force-debugging-signal t)}. ＠emph{NOTE}: This runs +＠code{abort()}!!! (As well as and after executing INT 3 under MS +Windows, which should invoke a debugger if it's active.) This is +guaranteed to kill XEmacs! (But in this situation, XEmacs is about to +die anyway, and if no debugger is present, this will usefully dump +core.) + +＠node Q2.4.8, Q2.4.9, Q2.4.7, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.4.8: The keyboard or mouse is not working properly, or I have some other event-related problem. + +XEmacs has various facilities for debugging event handling. + +First, try setting the variable ＠code{debug-emacs-events} to non-zero. +This will output various information showing which events are being +received and how they are being translated. This may show you, for +example, that a key command is getting intercepted using +＠code{key-translation-map}; this problem can otherwise be very tricky +to debug. + +Under X, you can see exactly which events are being received from the +window system by setting ＠code{x-debug-events} to non-zero. (The value +＠samp{1} gives you regular output, and ＠samp{2} gives you verbose +output, including all parameters.) + +A similar facility exists under MS Windows: Set +＠code{debug-mswindows-events} to non-zero. (The value ＠samp{1} gives +you regular output. The value ＠samp{2} gives you verbose output, +including all parameters. The value ＠samp{3} gives you +super-gorily-detailed output.) -＠lisp - (set-face-background-pixmap 'default "/path/to/image.xpm") - (set-face-background-pixmap 'bold "/path/to/another_image.xpm") -＠end lisp +＠node Q2.4.9, Q2.4.10, Q2.4.8, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.4.9: ＠kbd{C-g} doesn't work for me. Is it broken? -and so on. You can also do this interactively via ＠kbd{M-x edit-faces}. +＠kbd{C-g} does work for most people in most circumstances. If it +doesn't, there are two possible explanations: -＠end quotation +＠enumerate +＠item +XEmacs is hung in a way that prevents ＠kbd{C-g} from working. This +can happen when code is wrapped with a binding of ＠code{inhibit-quit} +to ＠code{t}; you should still be able interrupt XEmacs using "critical +quit". On the other hand, XEmacs may be seriously wedged. (If you're +lucky, sending ＠samp{SIGINT} to the XEmacs process will interrupt it.) +(a)xref{Q2.4.6, XEmacs hangs when I try to do something.}. -＠node Q3.2.7, Q3.3.1, Q3.2.6, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.2.7: How do I display non-ASCII characters? -＠c New +＠item +＠kbd{C-g} is indeed broken on your system. To test, try executing +＠code{(while t)} from the ＠samp{*scratch*} buffer. If ＠kbd{C-g} +doesn't interrupt, then it's broken. This used to happen with systems +where ＠samp{SIGIO} was broken, but ＠samp{BROKEN_SIGIO} wasn't defined. +However, there may not be very many such systems nowadays. +＠end enumerate -If you're using a Mule-enabled XEmacs, then display is automatic. If -you're not seeing the characters you expect, either (1) you don't have -appropriate fonts available or (2) XEmacs did not correctly detect the -coding system (＠pxref{Recognize Coding, , , xemacs}). In case (1), -install fonts as is customary for your platform. In case (2), you -need to tell XEmacs explicitly what coding systems you're using. -＠ref{Specify Coding, , , xemacs}. +＠node Q2.4.10, Q2.4.11, Q2.4.9, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.4.10: How do I debug process-related problems? -If your XEmacs is not Mule-enabled, and for some reason getting a -Mule-enabled XEmacs seems like the wrong thing to do, all is not lost. -You can arrange it by brute force. In ＠file{event-Xt.c} (suppress the -urge to look in this file---play Doom instead, because you'll survive -longer), it is written: +Under MS Windows, you can set the variable +＠code{debug-mswindows-process-command-lines} to non-＠samp{nil} to get +information on exactly what is getting passed to a process. This can +be useful in determining problems with quoting. (Under Unix, a process +receives each argument separately, but under MS Windows a single +command line is received, and arguments with spaces or other special +characters in them must be quoted. Unfortunately this means that each +process, potentially at least, has its own quoting conventions, and +the code to process quoting conventions in ＠file{cmd.exe}, the Visual +C++ startup code and the like is baroque and poorly documented. +XEmacs uses the variable +＠code{mswindows-construct-process-command-line-alist} to construct a +command line from a list of arguments based on the command to be run, +but it is (and cannot be) a perfect solution.) -＠quotation -In a non-Mule world, a user can still have a multi-lingual editor, by -doing ＠code{(set-face-font "-*-iso8859-2" (current-buffer))} for all -their Latin-2 buffers, etc. -＠end quotation +＠node Q2.4.11, Q2.4.12, Q2.4.10, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.4.11: XEmacs is outputting lots of X errors. -For the related problem of ＠emph{inputting} non-ASCII characters in a -non-Mule XEmacs, ＠xref{Q3.5.7}. +If this is happening, we would very much like to know what's causing +them. To find this out, see ＠ref{Q2.4.4, How to debug an XEmacs +problem with a debugger}. Try to get both a C and Lisp backtrace, and +send them along with the full error output to +＠email{xemacs-beta＠(a)xemacs.org}. + +＠node Q2.4.12, Q2.5.1, Q2.4.11, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.4.12: After upgrading, XEmacs won't do `foo' any more! + +You have been used to doing `foo', but now when you invoke it (or +click the toolbar button or select the menu item), nothing (or an +error) happens. The simplest explanation is that you are missing a +package that is essential to you. You can either track it down and +install it (there is a list of packages and brief descriptions of +their contents in ＠file{etc/PACKAGES}), or install the `Sumo Tarball' +((a)pxref{Q2.1.2, How do I figure out which packages to install?}). -＠node Q3.3.1, Q3.3.2, Q3.2.7, Customization -＠unnumberedsec 3.3: The Modeline -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.3.1: How can I make the modeline go away? +＠c #### should xref to XEmacs manual here -＠lisp -(set-specifier has-modeline-p nil) -＠end lisp +＠unnumberedsec 2.5: Startup-Related Problems -＠c Starting with XEmacs 19.14 the modeline responds to mouse clicks, so if -＠c you haven't liked or used the modeline in the past, you might want to -＠c try the new version out. -＠c -＠node Q3.3.2, Q3.3.3, Q3.3.1, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.3.2: How do you have XEmacs display the line number in the modeline? +＠node Q2.5.1, Q2.5.2, Q2.4.12, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.5.1: XEmacs cannot connect to my X Terminal! -Add the following line to your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} file to -display the line number: +Help! I can not get XEmacs to display on my Envizex X-terminal! -＠lisp -(line-number-mode 1) -＠end lisp +Try setting the ＠code{DISPLAY} variable using the numeric IP address of +the host you are running XEmacs from. -Use the following to display the column number: +＠node Q2.5.2, Q2.5.3, Q2.5.1, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.5.2 Startup problems related to paths or package locations. -＠lisp -(column-number-mode 1) -＠end lisp +First of all, if XEmacs can't find the packages, check to make sure +that you put the packages in the right place, or that you told XEmacs +where to look for the packages when you compiled it. ＠xref{Q2.1.1}. + +If something is still going wrong, or you get a startup warning about +not being able to deduce some paths, you can get detailed information +on the path-searching process at startup by setting the environment +variable ＠samp{EMACSDEBUGPATHS} to a non-null value. One thing to +look for if you're having package problems is the value of +＠samp{configure-package-path}. This corresponds to what was compiled +into XEmacs using the ＠samp{--package-prefix} or ＠samp{--package-path} +parameter (＠pxref{Q2.1.1}). If this has the value of ＠samp{nil}, +this means that no value was compiled into XEmacs using these parameters. -Or select from the ＠code{Options} menu -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Editing->Basics->Line Number Mode} -and/or -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Editing->Basics->Column Number Mode} +＠node Q2.5.3, Q2.5.4, Q2.5.2, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.5.3: XEmacs won't start without network. -Or type ＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} editing-basics ＠key{RET}}. +If XEmacs starts when you're on the network, but fails when you're not +on the network, you may be missing a "localhost" entry in your +＠file{/etc/hosts} file. The file should contain an entry like: -＠node Q3.3.3, Q3.3.4, Q3.3.2, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.3.3: How do I get XEmacs to put the time of day on the modeline? +＠example +127.0.0.1 localhost +＠end example -Add the following line to your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} file to -display the time: +Add that line, and XEmacs will be happy. -＠lisp -(display-time) -＠end lisp +＠node Q2.5.4, Q2.5.5, Q2.5.3, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.5.4: Startup warnings about deducing proper fonts? -See ＠code{Customize} from the ＠code{Options} menu for customization. +How can I avoid the startup warnings about deducing proper fonts? -＠node Q3.3.4, Q3.3.5, Q3.3.3, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.3.4: How do I turn off current chapter from AUC TeX modeline? +This is highly dependent on your installation, but try with the +following font as your base font for XEmacs and see what it does: -With AUC TeX, fast typing is hard because the current chapter, section -etc. are given in the modeline. How can I turn this off? +＠format +-adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1 +＠end format -It's not AUC TeX, it comes from ＠code{func-menu} in ＠file{func-menu.el}. +More precisely, do the following in your resource file: -＠c Add this code to your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} to turn it off: -＠c -＠c ＠lisp -＠c (setq fume-display-in-modeline-p nil) -＠c ＠end lisp -＠c -＠c Or just add a hook to ＠code{TeX-mode-hook} to turn it off only for TeX -＠c mode: -＠c -＠c ＠lisp -＠c (add-hook 'TeX-mode-hook -＠c '(lambda () (setq fume-display-in-modeline-p nil))) -＠c ＠end lisp -＠c -＠email{dhughes＠(a)origin-at.co.uk, David Hughes} writes: +＠format +Emacs.default.attributeFont: \ +-adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1 +＠end format -＠quotation -Try this; you'll still get the function name displayed in the modeline, -but it won't attempt to keep track when you modify the file. To refresh -when it gets out of synch, you simply need click on the ＠samp{Rescan -Buffer} option in the function-menu. +If you just don't want to see the ＠samp{*Warnings*} buffer at startup +time, you can set this: ＠lisp -(setq-default fume-auto-rescan-buffer-p nil) +(setq display-warning-minimum-level 'error) ＠end lisp -＠end quotation -＠node Q3.3.5, Q3.4.1, Q3.3.4, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.3.5: How can one change the modeline color based on the mode used? +The buffer still exists; it just isn't in your face. -You can use something like the following: +＠node Q2.5.5, Q2.5.6, Q2.5.4, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.5.5: Warnings from incorrect key modifiers. -＠lisp -(add-hook 'lisp-mode-hook - (lambda () - (set-face-background 'modeline "red" (current-buffer)))) -＠end lisp +The following information comes from the ＠file{PROBLEMS} file that comes +with XEmacs. -Then, when editing a Lisp file (i.e. when in Lisp mode), the modeline -colors change from the default set in your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}. -The change will only be made in the buffer you just entered (which -contains the Lisp file you are editing) and will not affect the modeline -colors anywhere else. +If you're having troubles with HP/UX it is because HP/UX defines the +modifiers wrong in X. Here is a shell script to fix the problem; be +sure that it is run after VUE configures the X server. -Notes: +＠example +#! /bin/sh +xmodmap 2> /dev/null - << EOF +keysym Alt_L = Meta_L +keysym Alt_R = Meta_R +EOF -＠itemize ＠bullet +xmodmap - << EOF +clear mod1 +keysym Mode_switch = NoSymbol +add mod1 = Meta_L +keysym Meta_R = Mode_switch +add mod2 = Mode_switch +EOF +＠end example -＠item The hook is the mode name plus ＠code{-hook}. eg. c-mode-hook, -c++-mode-hook, emacs-lisp-mode-hook (used for your -＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} or a ＠file{xx.el} file), -lisp-interaction-mode-hook (the ＠samp{*scratch*} buffer), -text-mode-hook, etc. +＠node Q2.5.6, , Q2.5.5, Installation +＠unnumberedsubsec Q2.5.6: XEmacs 21.1 on Windows used to spawn an ugly console window on every startup. Has that been fixed? -＠item -Be sure to use ＠code{add-hook}, not ＠code{(setq c-mode-hook xxxx)}, -otherwise you will erase anything that anybody has already put on the -hook. +Yes. -＠item -You can also do ＠code{(set-face-font 'modeline ＠var{font})}, -eg. ＠code{(set-face-font 'modeline "*bold-r-normal*140-100-100*" -(current-buffer))} if you wish the modeline font to vary based on the -current mode. -＠end itemize +The console was there because ＠file{temacs} (and in turn, ＠file{xemacs}) +was a console application, and Windows typically creates a new +console for a console process unless the creating process requests that +one isn't created. This used to be fixed with ＠file{runemacs}, a small +Windows application that existed merely to start ＠file{xemacs}, stating +that it didn't want a console. -There are additional modeline faces, ＠code{modeline-buffer-id}, -＠code{modeline-mousable}, and ＠code{modeline-mousable-minor-mode}, which -you may want to customize. +XEmacs 21.4 fixes this cleanly by the virtue of being a true "GUI" +application. The explanation of what that means is included for +educational value. + +When building an application to be run in a Win32 environment, you must +state which sub-system it is to run in. Valid subsystems include +"console" and "gui". The subsystem you use affects the run time +libraries linked into your application, the start up function that is +run before control is handed over to your application, the entry point +to your program, and how Windows normally invokes your program. (Console +programs automatically get a console created for them at startup if +their stdin/stdout don't point anywhere useful, which is the case when +run from the GUI. This is a stupid design, of course -- instead, the +console should get created only when the first I/O actually occurs! +GUI programs have an equally stupid design: When called from +＠file{CMD.EXE}/(a)file{COMMAND.COM}, their stdin/stdout will be set to +point nowhere useful, even though the command shell has its own +stdin/stdout. It's as if someone who had learned a bit about stdio but +had no actual knowledge of interprocess communication designed the +scheme; unfortunately, the whole process-communication aspect of the +Win32 API is equally badly designed.) For example, the entry point for a +console app is "main" (which is what you'd expect for a C/C++ program), +but the entry point for a "gui" app is "WinMain". This confuses and +annoys a lot of programmers who've grown up on Unix systems, where the +kernel doesn't really care whether your application is a gui program or +not. -＠node Q3.4.1, Q3.4.2, Q3.3.5, Customization -＠unnumberedsec 3.4: Multiple Device Support -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.4.1: How do I open a frame on another screen of my multi-headed display? +For reasons not altogether clear, and are lost in the mists of time and +tradition, XEmacs on Win32 started out as a console application, and +therefore a console was automatically created for it. (It may have been +made a console application partly because a console is needed in some +circumstances, especially under Win95, to interrupt, terminate, or send +signals to a child process, and because of the bogosity mentioned above +with GUI programs and the standard command shell. Currently, XEmacs +just creates and immediately hides a console when necessary, and +works around the "no useful stdio" problem by creating its own console +window as necessary to display messages in.) -Use the command ＠kbd{M-x make-frame-on-display}. This command is also -on the File menu in the menubar. +＠node Editing, Display, Installation, Top +＠unnumbered 3 Editing Functions -The command ＠code{make-frame-on-tty} also exists, which will establish a -connection to any tty-like device. Opening the TTY devices should be -left to ＠code{gnuclient}, though. +This is part 3 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This +section is devoted to the editing-related capabilities of XEmacs (the +keyboard, mouse, buffers, text selections, etc.) and how to customize +them. + +＠menu +3.0: The Keyboard +* Q3.0.1:: How can I customize the keyboard? +* Q3.0.2:: How can I bind complex functions (or macros) to keys? +* Q3.0.3:: How do I bind C-. and C-; to scroll one line up and down? +* Q3.0.4:: Globally binding ＠kbd{Delete}? +* Q3.0.5:: How to map ＠kbd{Help} key alone on Sun type4 keyboard? +* Q3.0.6:: How can you type in special characters in XEmacs? +* Q3.0.7:: Can I turn on ＠dfn{sticky} modifier keys? +* Q3.0.8:: How do I map the arrow keys? +* Q3.0.9:: HP Alt key as Meta. +* Q3.0.10:: Why does edt emulation not work? +* Q3.0.11:: How can I emulate VI and use it as my default mode? + +3.1: The Mouse +* Q3.1.1:: How can I turn off Mouse pasting? +* Q3.1.2:: How do I set control/meta/etc modifiers on mouse buttons? +* Q3.1.3:: Clicking the left button does not do anything in buffer list. +* Q3.1.4:: How can I get a list of buffers when I hit mouse button 3? +* Q3.1.5:: How can I set XEmacs up so that it pastes where the text cursor is? + +3.2: Buffers, Text Editing +* Q3.2.1:: Can I have the end of the buffer delimited in some way? +* Q3.2.2:: How do I insert today's date into a buffer? +* Q3.2.3:: How do I get a single minibuffer frame? +* Q3.2.4:: How can I enable auto-indent and/or Filladapt? +* Q3.2.5:: How can I get XEmacs to come up in text/auto-fill mode by default? + +3.3: Text Selections +* Q3.3.1:: How do I select a rectangular region? +* Q3.3.2:: How can I turn off or change highlighted selections? +* Q3.3.3:: How do I cause typing on an active region to remove it? +* Q3.3.4:: Can I turn off the highlight during isearch? +* Q3.3.5:: Why is killing so slow? +* Q3.3.6:: Why does ＠kbd{M-w} take so long? + +3.4: Editing Source Code +* Q3.4.1:: I do not like cc-mode. How do I use the old c-mode? +* Q3.4.2:: How do you make XEmacs indent CL if-clauses correctly? +＠end menu -＠node Q3.4.2, Q3.5.1, Q3.4.1, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.4.2: Can I really connect to a running XEmacs after calling up over a modem? How? +＠unnumberedsec 3.0: The Keyboard -Yes. Use ＠code{gnuclient -nw}. (Prior to 20.3, use the ＠code{gnuattach} -program supplied with XEmacs instead.) +＠node Q3.0.1, Q3.0.2, Editing, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.1: How can I customize the keyboard? -Also see ＠ref{Q5.0.12}. +#### Write me. -＠node Q3.5.1, Q3.5.2, Q3.4.2, Customization -＠unnumberedsec 3.5: The Keyboard -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.5.1: How can I bind complex functions (or macros) to keys? +＠node Q3.0.2, Q3.0.3, Q3.0.1, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.2: How can I bind complex functions (or macros) to keys? As an example, say you want the ＠kbd{paste} key on a Sun keyboard to insert the current Primary X selection at point. You can accomplish this ＠＠ -3312,23 +4657,13 ＠＠ ＠end lisp This is fine if you only need a few functions within the lambda body. -If you're doing more it's cleaner to define a separate function as in -question 3.5.3 (＠pxref{Q3.5.3}). - -＠node Q3.5.2, Q3.5.3, Q3.5.1, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.5.2: How can I stop down-arrow from adding empty lines to the bottom of my buffers? - -Add the following line to your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} file: - -＠lisp -(setq next-line-add-newlines nil) -＠end lisp +If you're doing more it's cleaner to define a separate function. +(a)xref{Q3.0.3, How do I bind C-. and C-; to scroll one line up and +down?}. -This has been the default setting in XEmacs for some time. +＠node Q3.0.3, Q3.0.4, Q3.0.2, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.3: How do I bind C-. and C-; to scroll one line up and down? -＠node Q3.5.3, Q3.5.4, Q3.5.2, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.5.3: How do I bind C-. and C-; to scroll one line up and down? - Add the following (Thanks to ＠email{mly＠(a)adoc.xerox.com, Richard Mlynarik} and ＠email{wayne＠(a)zen.cac.stratus.com, Wayne Newberry}) to ＠file{.emacs}: ＠＠ -3346,11 +4681,12 ＠＠ ＠end lisp The key point is that you can only bind simple functions to keys; you -can not bind a key to a function that you're also passing arguments to. -((a)pxref{Q3.5.1} for a better answer). +can not bind a key to a function that you're also passing arguments +to. (＠pxref{Q3.0.2, How can I bind complex functions (or macros) to +keys?} for a better answer). -＠node Q3.5.4, Q3.5.5, Q3.5.3, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.5.4: Globally binding ＠kbd{Delete}? +＠node Q3.0.4, Q3.0.5, Q3.0.3, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.4: Globally binding ＠kbd{Delete}? I cannot manage to globally bind my ＠kbd{Delete} key to something other than the default. How does one do this? ＠＠ -3366,46 +4702,9 ＠＠ (define-key key-translation-map 'delete 'redirected-delete) (global-set-key 'redirected-delete 'foo) ＠end lisp - -Also see ＠ref{Q3.5.10}. - -＠node Q3.5.5, Q3.5.6, Q3.5.4, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.5.5: Scrolling one line at a time. - -Can the cursor keys scroll the screen a line at a time, rather than the -default half page jump? I tend it to find it disorienting. - -Try this: - -＠lisp -(defun scroll-one-line-up (&optional arg) - "Scroll the selected window up (forward in the text) one line (or N lines)." - (interactive "p") - (scroll-up (or arg 1))) - -(defun scroll-one-line-down (&optional arg) - "Scroll the selected window down (backward in the text) one line (or N)." - (interactive "p") - (scroll-down (or arg 1))) - -(global-set-key [up] 'scroll-one-line-up) -(global-set-key [down] 'scroll-one-line-down) -＠end lisp - -The following will also work but will affect more than just the cursor -keys (i.e. ＠kbd{C-n} and ＠kbd{C-p}): - -＠lisp -(setq scroll-step 1) -＠end lisp - -Starting with XEmacs-20.3 you can also change this with Customize. -Select from the ＠code{Options} menu -＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Environment->Windows->Scroll Step...} or type -＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} windows ＠key{RET}}. -＠node Q3.5.6, Q3.5.7, Q3.5.5, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.5.6: How to map ＠kbd{Help} key alone on Sun type4 keyboard? +＠node Q3.0.5, Q3.0.6, Q3.0.4, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.5: How to map ＠kbd{Help} key alone on Sun type4 keyboard? The following works in GNU Emacs 19: ＠＠ -3434,9 +4733,8 ＠＠ can also cause fix this by telling OLWM to not grab the help key, with the null binding ＠code{OpenWindows.KeyboardCommand.Help:}. -＠node Q3.5.7, Q3.5.8, Q3.5.6, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.5.7: How can you type in special characters in XEmacs? -＠c Changed +＠node Q3.0.6, Q3.0.7, Q3.0.5, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.6: How can you type in special characters in XEmacs? One way is to use the package ＠code{x-compose}. Then you can use sequences like ＠kbd{Compose " a} to get ä, etc. ＠＠ -3473,47 +4771,21 ＠＠ Also, recent versions of XFree86 define various AltGr-<key> combinations as dead keys, i.e. -＠example - AltGr [ => dead_diaeresis - AltGr ] => dead_tilde - AltGr ; => dead_acute -＠end example -etc. - -Running ＠samp{xmodmap -pk} will list all of the defined keysyms. -＠end quotation - -For the related problem of ＠emph{displaying} non-ASCII characters in a -non-Mule XEmacs, ＠xref{Q3.2.7}. - -＠node Q3.5.8, Q3.5.9, Q3.5.7, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.5.8: [This question intentionally left blank] - -Obsolete question, left blank to avoid renumbering. - -＠node Q3.5.9, Q3.5.10, Q3.5.8, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.5.9: How do I make the Delete key delete forward? - -With XEmacs-20.2 use the ＠code{delbs} package: - -＠lisp -(require 'delbs) -＠end lisp - -This will give you the functions ＠code{delbs-enable-delete-forward} to -set things up, and ＠code{delbs-disable-delete-forward} to revert to -``normal'' behavior. Note that ＠code{delbackspace} package is obsolete. +＠example + AltGr [ => dead_diaeresis + AltGr ] => dead_tilde + AltGr ; => dead_acute +＠end example +etc. -Starting with XEmacs-20.3 better solution is to set variable -＠code{delete-key-deletes-forward} to t. You can also change this with -Customize. Select from the ＠code{Options} menu -＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Editing->Basics->Delete Key Deletes Forward} or -type ＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} editing-basics ＠key{RET}}. +Running ＠samp{xmodmap -pk} will list all of the defined keysyms. +＠end quotation -Also see ＠ref{Q3.5.4}. +For the related problem of ＠emph{displaying} non-ASCII characters in a +non-Mule XEmacs, ＠xref{Q4.0.8, How do I display non-ASCII characters?}. -＠node Q3.5.10, Q3.5.11, Q3.5.9, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.5.10: Can I turn on ＠dfn{sticky} modifier keys? +＠node Q3.0.7, Q3.0.8, Q3.0.6, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.7: Can I turn on ＠dfn{sticky} modifier keys? Yes, with ＠code{(setq modifier-keys-are-sticky t)}. This will give the effect of being able to press and release Shift and have the next ＠＠ -3527,8 +4799,8 ＠＠ of the frame and back in, it cancels all currently ``stuck'' modifiers. ＠end quotation -＠node Q3.5.11, Q3.6.1, Q3.5.10, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.5.11: How do I map the arrow keys? +＠node Q3.0.8, Q3.0.9, Q3.0.7, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.8: How do I map the arrow keys? ＠c New Say you want to map ＠kbd{C-＠key{right}} to forward-word: ＠＠ -3551,66 +4823,58 ＠＠ ＠end lisp ＠end quotation +＠node Q3.0.9, Q3.0.10, Q3.0.8, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.9: HP Alt key as Meta. +How can I make XEmacs recognize the Alt key of my HP workstation as a +Meta key? -＠node Q3.6.1, Q3.6.2, Q3.5.11, Customization -＠unnumberedsec 3.6: The Cursor -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.6.1: Is there a way to make the bar cursor thicker? +Put the following line into a file and load it with xmodmap(1) before +starting XEmacs: -I'd like to have the bar cursor a little thicker, as I tend to "lose" it -often. +＠example +remove Mod1 = Mode_switch +＠end example -For a 1 pixel bar cursor, use: +＠node Q3.0.10, Q3.0.11, Q3.0.9, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.10: Why does edt emulation not work? + +We don't know, but you can use tpu-edt emulation instead, which works +fine and is a little fancier than the standard edt emulation. To do +this, add the following line to your ＠file{init.el}: ＠lisp -(setq bar-cursor t) +(tpu-edt) ＠end lisp -For a 2 pixel bar cursor, use: +If you don't want it to replace ＠kbd{C-h} with an edt-style help menu +add this as well: ＠lisp -(setq bar-cursor 'anything-else) +(global-set-key [(control h)] 'help-for-help) ＠end lisp - -Starting with XEmacs-20.3 you can also change these with Customize. -Select from the ＠code{Options} menu -＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Environment->Display->Bar Cursor...} or type -＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} display ＠key{RET}}. - -You can use a color to make it stand out better: -＠example -Emacs*cursorColor: Red -＠end example +＠node Q3.0.11, Q3.1.1, Q3.0.10, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.0.11: How can I emulate VI and use it as my default mode? -＠node Q3.6.2, Q3.6.3, Q3.6.1, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.6.2: Is there a way to get back the block cursor? +Our recommended VI emulator is viper. To make viper-mode the default, +add this to your ＠file{init.el}: ＠lisp -(setq bar-cursor nil) +(viper-mode) ＠end lisp - -Starting with XEmacs 20.3 you can also change this with Customize. -Select from the ＠code{Options} menu -＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Environment->Display->Bar Cursor...} or type -＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} display ＠key{RET}}. - -＠node Q3.6.3, Q3.7.1, Q3.6.2, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.6.3: Can I make the cursor blink? -Yes, like this: +＠email{kifer＠(a)CS.SunySB.EDU, Michael Kifer} writes: -＠lisp -(blink-cursor-mode) -＠end lisp +＠quotation +This should be added as close to the top of ＠file{init.el} as you can get +it, otherwise some minor modes may not get viper-ized. +＠end quotation -This function toggles between a steady cursor and a blinking cursor. -You may also set this mode from the menu bar by selecting ＠samp{Options -=> Frame Appearance => Blinking Cursor}. Remember to save options. +＠unnumberedsec 3.1: The Mouse -＠node Q3.7.1, Q3.7.2, Q3.6.3, Customization -＠unnumberedsec 3.7: The Mouse and Highlighting -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.7.1: How can I turn off Mouse pasting? +＠node Q3.1.1, Q3.1.2, Q3.0.11, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.1.1: How can I turn off Mouse pasting? I keep hitting the middle mouse button by accident and getting stuff pasted into my buffer so how can I turn this off? ＠＠ -3629,8 +4893,8 ＠＠ (define-key global-map [button2] 'mouse-set-point-and-select) ＠end lisp -＠node Q3.7.2, Q3.7.3, Q3.7.1, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.7.2: How do I set control/meta/etc modifiers on mouse buttons? +＠node Q3.1.2, Q3.1.3, Q3.1.1, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.1.2: How do I set control/meta/etc modifiers on mouse buttons? Use, for instance, ＠code{[(meta button1)]}. For example, here is a common setting for Common Lisp programmers who use the bundled ＠code{ilisp} ＠＠ -3645,8 +4909,8 ＠＠ (local-set-key [(meta button1)] 'edit-definitions-lisp) ＠end lisp -＠node Q3.7.3, Q3.7.4, Q3.7.2, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.7.3: Clicking the left button does not do anything in buffer list. +＠node Q3.1.3, Q3.1.4, Q3.1.2, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.1.3: Clicking the left button does not do anything in buffer list. I do ＠kbd{C-x C-b} to get a list of buffers and the entries get highlighted when I move the mouse over them but clicking the left mouse ＠＠ -3654,46 +4918,222 ＠＠ Use the middle mouse button. -＠node Q3.7.4, Q3.7.5, Q3.7.3, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.7.4: How can I get a list of buffers when I hit mouse button 3? +＠node Q3.1.4, Q3.1.5, Q3.1.3, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.1.4: How can I get a list of buffers when I hit mouse button 3? The following code will replace the default popup on button3: ＠lisp (global-set-key [button3] 'popup-buffer-menu) ＠end lisp - -＠node Q3.7.5, Q3.7.6, Q3.7.4, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.7.5: Why does cut-and-paste not work between XEmacs and a cmdtool? -We don't know. It's a bug. There does seem to be a work-around, -however. Try running xclipboard first. It appears to fix the problem -even if you exit it. (This should be mostly fixed in 19.13, but we -haven't yet verified that). +＠node Q3.1.5, Q3.2.1, Q3.1.4, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.1.5: How can I set XEmacs up so that it pastes where the text cursor is? -＠node Q3.7.6, Q3.7.7, Q3.7.5, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.7.6: How I can set XEmacs up so that it pastes where the text cursor is? - By default XEmacs pastes X selections where the mouse pointer is. How do I disable this? Examine the function ＠code{mouse-yank}, by typing ＠kbd{C-h f mouse-yank ＠key{RET}}. -To get XEmacs to paste at the text cursor, add this your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +To get XEmacs to paste at the text cursor, add this your ＠file{init.el}: ＠lisp (setq mouse-yank-at-point t) ＠end lisp + +You can also change this with Customize. Select from the +＠code{Options} menu ＠code{Advanced +(Customize)->Emacs->Editing->Mouse->Yank At Point...} or type ＠kbd{M-x +customize ＠key{RET} mouse ＠key{RET}}. + +＠unnumberedsec 3.2: Buffers, Text Editing + +＠node Q3.2.1, Q3.2.2, Q3.1.5, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.2.1: Can I have the end of the buffer delimited in some way? + +Say, with: ＠samp{[END]}? + +Try this: + +＠lisp +(let ((ext (make-extent (point-min) (point-max)))) + (set-extent-property ext 'start-closed t) + (set-extent-property ext 'end-closed t) + (set-extent-property ext 'detachable nil) + (set-extent-end-glyph ext (make-glyph [string :data "[END]"]))) +＠end lisp + +Since this is XEmacs, you can specify an icon to be shown on +window-system devices. To do so, change the ＠code{make-glyph} call to +something like this: + +＠lisp +(make-glyph '([xpm :file "~/something.xpm"] + [string :data "[END]"])) +＠end lisp + +You can inline the ＠sc{xpm} definition yourself by specifying +＠code{:data} instead of ＠code{:file}. Here is such a full-featured +version that works on both X and TTY devices: + +＠lisp +(let ((ext (make-extent (point-min) (point-max)))) + (set-extent-property ext 'start-closed t) + (set-extent-property ext 'end-closed t) + (set-extent-property ext 'detachable nil) + (set-extent-end-glyph ext (make-glyph '([xpm :data "\ +/* XPM */ +static char* eye = ＠{ +\"20 11 7 2\", +\"__ c None\" +\"_` c #7f7f7f\", +\"_a c #fefefe\", +\"_b c #7f0000\", +\"_c c #fefe00\", +\"_d c #fe0000\", +\"_e c #bfbfbf\", +\"___________`_`_`___b_b_b_b_________`____\", +\"_________`_`_`___b_c_c_c_b_b____________\", +\"_____`_`_`_e___b_b_c_c_c___b___b_______`\", +\"___`_`_e_a___b_b_d___b___b___b___b______\", +\"_`_`_e_a_e___b_b_d_b___b___b___b___b____\", +\"_`_`_a_e_a___b_b_d___b___b___b___b___b__\", +\"_`_`_e_a_e___b_b_d_b___b___b___b___b_b__\", +\"___`_`_e_a___b_b_b_d_c___b___b___d_b____\", +\"_____`_`_e_e___b_b_b_d_c___b_b_d_b______\", +\"_`_____`_`_`_`___b_b_b_d_d_d_d_b________\", +\"___`_____`_`_`_`___b_b_b_b_b_b__________\", +＠} ;"] + [string :data "[END]"])))) +＠end lisp + +Note that you might want to make this a function, and put it to a hook. +We leave that as an exercise for the reader. + +＠node Q3.2.2, Q3.2.3, Q3.2.1, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.2.2: How do I insert today's date into a buffer? + +Like this: + +＠lisp +(insert (current-time-string)) +＠end lisp + +＠node Q3.2.3, Q3.2.4, Q3.2.2, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.2.3: How do I get a single minibuffer frame? + +＠email{acs＠(a)acm.org, Vin Shelton} writes: + +＠lisp +(setq initial-frame-plist '(minibuffer nil)) +(setq default-frame-plist '(minibuffer nil)) +(setq default-minibuffer-frame + (make-frame + '(minibuffer only + width 86 + height 1 + menubar-visible-p nil + default-toolbar-visible-p nil + name "minibuffer" + top -2 + left -2 + has-modeline-p nil))) +(frame-notice-user-settings) +＠end lisp + +＠strong{Please note:} The single minibuffer frame may not be to everyone's +taste, and there any number of other XEmacs options settings that may +make it difficult or inconvenient to use. + +＠node Q3.2.4, Q3.2.5, Q3.2.3, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.2.4: How can I enable auto-indent and/or Filladapt? + +Put the following line in your ＠file{init.el}: + +＠lisp +(setq indent-line-function 'indent-relative-maybe) +＠end lisp + +If you want to get fancy, try the ＠code{filladapt} package available +standard with XEmacs. Put this into your ＠file{init.el}: + +＠lisp +(require 'filladapt) +(setq-default filladapt-mode t) +(add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-off-filladapt-mode) +＠end lisp + +This will enable Filladapt for all modes except C mode, where it doesn't +work well. To turn Filladapt on only in particular major modes, remove +the ＠code{(setq-default ...)} line and use +＠code{turn-on-filladapt-mode}, like this: + +＠lisp +(add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-filladapt-mode) +＠end lisp -Starting with XEmacs-20.2 you can also change this with Customize. +You can customize filling and adaptive filling with Customize. Select from the ＠code{Options} menu -＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Editing->Mouse->Yank At Point...} or type -＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} mouse ＠key{RET}}. +＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Editing->Fill->Fill...} +or type ＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} fill ＠key{RET}}. + +Note that well-behaving text-lookalike modes will run +＠code{text-mode-hook} by default (e.g. that's what Message does). For +the nasty ones, you'll have to provide the ＠code{add-hook}s yourself. + +Please note that the ＠code{fa-extras} package is no longer useful. + +＠node Q3.2.5, Q3.3.1, Q3.2.4, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.2.5: How can I get XEmacs to come up in text/auto-fill mode by default? + +Try the following lisp in your ＠file{init.el}: + +＠lisp +(setq default-major-mode 'text-mode) +(add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) +＠end lisp + +＠strong{WARNING}: note that changing the value of +＠code{default-major-mode} from ＠code{fundamental-mode} can break a large +amount of built-in code that expects newly created buffers to be in +＠code{fundamental-mode}. (Changing from ＠code{fundamental-mode} to +＠code{text-mode} might not wreak too much havoc, but changing to +something more exotic like a lisp-mode would break many Emacs packages). + +Note that Emacs by default starts up in buffer ＠code{*scratch*} in +＠code{initial-major-mode}, which defaults to +＠code{lisp-interaction-mode}. Thus adding the following form to your +Emacs init file will cause the initial ＠code{*scratch*} buffer to be put +into auto-fill'ed ＠code{text-mode}: + +＠lisp +(setq initial-major-mode + (lambda () + (text-mode) + (turn-on-auto-fill))) +＠end lisp + +Note that after your init file is loaded, if +＠code{inhibit-startup-message} is ＠code{nil} (the default) and the +startup buffer is ＠code{*scratch*} then the startup message will be +inserted into ＠code{*scratch*}; it will be removed after a timeout by +erasing the entire ＠code{*scratch*} buffer. Keep in mind this default +usage of ＠code{*scratch*} if you desire any prior manipulation of +＠code{*scratch*} from within your Emacs init file. In particular, +anything you insert into ＠code{*scratch*} from your init file will be +later erased. Also, if you change the mode of the ＠code{*scratch*} +buffer, be sure that this will not interfere with possible later +insertion of the startup message (e.g. if you put ＠code{*scratch*} into +a nonstandard mode that has automatic font lock rules, then the startup +message might get fontified in a strange foreign manner, e.g. as code in +some programming language). -＠node Q3.7.7, Q3.7.8, Q3.7.6, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.7.7: How do I select a rectangular region? +＠unnumberedsec 3.3: Text Selections +＠node Q3.3.1, Q3.3.2, Q3.2.5, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.3.1: How do I select a rectangular region? + Just select the region normally, then use the rectangle commands (e.g. ＠code{kill-rectangle} on it. The region does not highlight as a rectangle, but the commands work just fine. ＠＠ -3709,7 +5149,7 ＠＠ (setq mouse-track-rectangle-p t) ＠end lisp -Starting with XEmacs-20.2 you can also change this with Customize. +You can also change this with Customize. Select from the ＠code{Options} menu ＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Editing->Mouse->Track Rectangle...} or type ＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} mouse ＠key{RET}}. ＠＠ -3720,1495 +5160,1356 ＠＠ -- an interactive compiled Lisp function. Like `mouse-track' but selects rectangles instead of regions. ＠end example - -＠node Q3.7.8, Q3.8.1, Q3.7.7, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.7.8: Why does ＠kbd{M-w} take so long? -It actually doesn't. It leaves the region visible for a second so that -you can see what area is being yanked. If you start working, though, it -will immediately complete its operation. In other words, it will only -delay for a second if you let it. +＠node Q3.3.2, Q3.3.3, Q3.3.1, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.3.2: How can I turn off or change highlighted selections? -＠node Q3.8.1, Q3.8.2, Q3.7.8, Customization -＠unnumberedsec 3.8: The Menubar and Toolbar -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.8.1: How do I get rid of the menu (or menubar)? +The ＠code{zmacs} mode allows for what some might call gratuitous +highlighting for selected regions (either by setting mark or by using +the mouse). This is the default behavior. To turn off, add the +following line to your ＠file{init.el} file: -＠c If you are running XEmacs 19.13 or earlier, add this command to your -＠c ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}. -＠c -＠c ＠lisp -＠c (set-menubar nil) -＠c ＠end lisp -＠c -＠c Starting with XEmacs 19.14 the preferred method is: -＠c ＠lisp -(set-specifier menubar-visible-p nil) +(setq zmacs-regions nil) ＠end lisp -＠node Q3.8.2, Q3.8.3, Q3.8.1, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.8.2: Can I customize the basic menubar? +You can also change this with Customize. Select from the +＠code{Options} menu +＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Editing->Basics->Zmacs Regions} +or type ＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} editing-basics ＠key{RET}}. -For an extensive menubar, add this line to your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +To change the face for selection, look at ＠code{Options->Advanced (Customize)} +on the menubar. +＠node Q3.3.3, Q3.3.4, Q3.3.2, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.3.3: How do I cause typing on an active region to remove it? + +I want to change things so that if I select some text and start typing, +the typed text replaces the selected text, similar to Motif. + +You want to use something called ＠dfn{pending delete}. Pending delete +is what happens when you select a region (with the mouse or keyboard) +and you press a key to replace the selected region by the key you typed. +Usually backspace kills the selected region. + +To get this behavior, ensure that you have the ＠file{pc} package +installed, and add the following lines to your +(a)file{init.el}: + ＠lisp -(load "big-menubar") +(cond + ((fboundp 'turn-on-pending-delete) + (turn-on-pending-delete)) + ((fboundp 'pending-delete-on) + (pending-delete-on t))) ＠end lisp -If you'd like to write your own, this file provides as good a set of -examples as any to start from. The file is located in edit-utils -package. +Note that this will work with both Backspace and Delete. This code is a +tad more complicated than it has to be for XEmacs in order to make it +more portable. -＠node Q3.8.3, Q3.8.4, Q3.8.2, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.8.3: How do I control how many buffers are listed in the menu ＠code{Buffers List}? +＠node Q3.3.4, Q3.3.5, Q3.3.3, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.3.4: Can I turn off the highlight during isearch? -Add the following to your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} (suit to fit): +I do not like my text highlighted while I am doing isearch as I am not +able to see what's underneath. How do I turn it off? +Put the following in your ＠file{init.el}: + ＠lisp -(setq buffers-menu-max-size 20) +(setq isearch-highlight nil) ＠end lisp - -For no limit, use an argument of ＠samp{nil}. - -Starting with XEmacs-20.3 you can also change this with Customize. -Select from the ＠code{Options} menu -＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Environment->Menu->Buffers Menu->Max Size...} or -type ＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} buffers-menu ＠key{RET}}. - -＠node Q3.8.4, Q3.8.5, Q3.8.3, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.8.4: Resources like ＠code{Emacs*menubar*font} are not working? -I am trying to use a resource like ＠code{Emacs*menubar*font} to set the -font of the menubar but it's not working. +You can also change this with Customize. Type +＠kbd{M-x customize-variable ＠key{RET} isearch-highlight ＠key{RET}}. -In Motif, the use of ＠samp{font} resources is obsoleted in order to -support internationalization. If you are using the real Motif menubar, -this resource is not recognized at all; you have to say: +Note also that isearch-highlight affects query-replace and ispell. +Instead of disabling isearch-highlight you may find that a better +solution consists of customizing the ＠code{isearch} face. -＠example -Emacs*menubar*fontList: FONT -＠end example +＠node Q3.3.5, Q3.3.6, Q3.3.4, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.3.5: Why is killing so slow? -If you are using the Lucid menubar, for backward compatibility with -existing user configurations, the ＠samp{font} resource is recognized. -Since this is not supported by Motif itself, the code is a kludge and -the ＠samp{font} resource will be recognized only if the ＠samp{fontList} -resource resource is unset. This means that the resource +This actually is an X Windows question, although you'll notice it with +keyboard operations as well as while using the GUI. Basically, there +are four ways to communicate interprogram via the X server: -＠example -*fontList: FONT -＠end example +＠table ＠strong +＠item Primary selection +a transient selection that gets replaced every time a new selection is made -will override +＠item Secondary selection +for "exchanging" with the primary selection -＠example -Emacs*menubar*font: FONT -＠end example +＠item Cut buffers +a clipboard internal to the X server (deprecated) -even though the latter is more specific. +＠item Clipboard selection +a selection with a notification protocol that allows a separate app to +manage the clipboard +＠end table -In non-Motif configurations using ＠samp{--with-mule} and -＠samp{--with-xfs} it ＠emph{is} necessary to use the ＠code{fontSet} -resource ＠emph{instead of} the ＠code{font} resource. The backward -compatibility kludge was never implemented for non-Motif builds. -Example: +The cut buffers are deprecated because managing them is even more +inefficient than the clipboard notification protocol. The primary +selection works fine for many users and applications, but is not very +robust under intensive or sophisticated use. -＠example -*fontSet: FONT -＠end example +In Motif and MS Windows, a clipboard has become the primary means for +managing cut and paste. These means that "modern" applications tend to +be oriented toward a true clipboard, rather than the primary selection. +(On Windows, there is nothing equivalent to the primary selection.) +It's not that XEmacs doesn't support the simple primary selection +method, it's that more and more other applications don't. -＠node Q3.8.5, Q3.9.1, Q3.8.4, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.8.5: How can I bind a key to a function to toggle the toolbar? +So the slowdown occurs because XEmacs now engages in the clipboard +notification protocol on ＠emph{every} kill. This is especially slow on +Motif. -Try something like: +With most people running most clients and server on the same host, and +many of the rest working over very fast communication, you may expect +that the situation is not going to improve. -＠lisp -(defun my-toggle-toolbar () - (interactive) - (set-specifier default-toolbar-visible-p - (not (specifier-instance default-toolbar-visible-p)))) -(global-set-key "\C-xT" 'my-toggle-toolbar) -＠end lisp +There are a number of workarounds. The most effective is to use a +special command to do selection ownership only when you intend to paste +to another application. Useful commands are ＠code{kill-primary-selection} +and ＠code{copy-primary-selection}. These work only on text selected +with the mouse (probably; experiment), and are bound by default to the +＠kbd{Cut} and ＠kbd{Copy}, respectively, buttons on the toolbar. +＠code{copy-primary-selection} is also bound to ＠kbd{C-Insert}. You can +yank the clipboard contents with ＠code{yank-primary-selection}, bound to +the ＠kbd{Paste} toolbar button and ＠kbd{Sh-Insert}. -There are redisplay bugs in 19.14 that may make the preceding result in -a messed-up display, especially for frames with multiple windows. You -may need to resize the frame before XEmacs completely realizes the -toolbar is really gone. +If you are communicating by cut and paste with applications that use the +primary selection, then you can customize +＠code{interprogram-cut-function} to ＠code{nil}, restoring the XEmacs +version 20 behavior. How can you tell if a program will support this? +Motifly-correct programs require the clipboard; you lose. For others, +only by trying it. You also need to customize the complementary +＠code{interprogram-paste-function} to ＠code{nil}. (Otherwise +XEmacs-to-XEmacs pastes will not work correctly.) -Thanks to ＠email{martin＠(a)xemacs.org, Martin Buchholz} for the correct -code. +You may get some relief on Motif by setting +＠code{x-selection-strict-motif-ownership} to nil, but this means you will +only intermittently be able to paste XEmacs kills to Motif applications. -＠node Q3.9.1, Q3.9.2, Q3.8.5, Customization -＠unnumberedsec 3.9: Scrollbars -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.9.1: How can I disable the scrollbar? +Thanks to Jeff Mincy and Glynn Clements for corrections. -To disable them for all frames, add the following line to -your ＠file{.Xresources}: +＠node Q3.3.6, Q3.4.1, Q3.3.5, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.3.6: Why does ＠kbd{M-w} take so long? -＠example -Emacs.scrollBarWidth: 0 -＠end example +It actually doesn't. It leaves the region visible for a second so that +you can see what area is being yanked. If you start working, though, it +will immediately complete its operation. In other words, it will only +delay for a second if you let it. -Or select from the ＠code{Options} menu ＠code{Frame Appearance->Scrollbars}. -Remember to save options. +＠unnumberedsec 3.4: Editing Source Code -To turn the scrollbar off on a per-frame basis, use the following -function: +＠node Q3.4.1, Q3.4.2, Q3.3.6, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.4.1: I do not like cc-mode. How do I use the old c-mode? -＠lisp -(set-specifier scrollbar-width 0 (selected-frame)) -＠end lisp +Well, first off, consider if you really want to do this. cc-mode is +much more powerful than the old c-mode. If you're having trouble +getting your old offsets to work, try using ＠code{c-set-offset} instead. +You might also consider using the package ＠code{cc-compat}. -You can actually turn the scrollbars on at any level you want by -substituting for (selected-frame) in the above command. For example, to -turn the scrollbars off only in a single buffer: +But, if you still insist, add the following lines to your ＠file{init.el}: ＠lisp -(set-specifier scrollbar-width 0 (current-buffer)) +(fmakunbound 'c-mode) +(makunbound 'c-mode-map) +(fmakunbound 'c++-mode) +(makunbound 'c++-mode-map) +(makunbound 'c-style-alist) +(load-library "old-c-mode") +(load-library "old-c++-mode") ＠end lisp -＠c -＠c In XEmacs versions prior to 19.14, you had to use the hairier construct: -＠c -＠c ＠lisp -＠c (set-specifier scrollbar-width (cons (selected-frame) 0)) -＠c ＠end lisp -＠node Q3.9.2, Q3.9.3, Q3.9.1, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.9.2: How can one use resources to change scrollbar colors? +This must be done before any other reference is made to either c-mode or +c++-mode. -Here's a recap of how to use resources to change your scrollbar colors: +＠node Q3.4.2, , Q3.4.1, Editing +＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.4.2: How do you make XEmacs indent CL if-clauses correctly? -＠example -! Motif scrollbars +I'd like XEmacs to indent all the clauses of a Common Lisp ＠code{if} the +same amount instead of indenting the 3rd clause differently from the +first two. -Emacs*XmScrollBar.Background: skyblue -Emacs*XmScrollBar.troughColor: lightgray +The package ＠code{cl-indent} that comes with XEmacs sets up this kind +of indentation by default. ＠code{cl-indent} also knows about many +other CL-specific forms. To use ＠code{cl-indent}, one can do this: -! Athena scrollbars +＠lisp +(setq lisp-indent-function 'common-lisp-indent-function) +＠end lisp -Emacs*Scrollbar.Foreground: skyblue -Emacs*Scrollbar.Background: lightgray -＠end example +One can also customize ＠file{cl-indent.el} so it mimics the default +＠code{if} indentation ＠code{then} indented more than the ＠code{else}. +Here's how: -Note the capitalization of ＠code{Scrollbar} for the Athena widget. +＠lisp +(put 'if 'common-lisp-indent-function '(nil nil &body)) +＠end lisp -＠node Q3.9.3, Q3.9.4, Q3.9.2, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.9.3: Moving the scrollbar can move the point; can I disable this? +＠node Display, External Subsystems, Editing, Top +＠unnumbered 4 Display Functions -When I move the scrollbar in an XEmacs window, it moves the point as -well, which should not be the default behavior. Is this a bug or a -feature? Can I disable it? +This is part 4 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This +section is devoted to the display-related capabilities of XEmacs +(fonts, colors, modeline, menubar, toolbar, scrollbar, etc.) and how +to customize them. -The current behavior is a feature, not a bug. Point remains at the same -buffer position as long as that position does not scroll off the screen. -In that event, point will end up in either the upper-left or lower-left -hand corner. +＠menu +4.0: Textual Fonts and Colors +* Q4.0.1:: How do I specify a font? +* Q4.0.2:: How do I set the text, menu and modeline fonts? +* Q4.0.3:: How can I set color options from ＠file{init.el}? +* Q4.0.4:: How can I set the colors when highlighting a region? +* Q4.0.5:: How can I limit color map usage? +* Q4.0.6:: My tty supports color, but XEmacs doesn't use them. +* Q4.0.7:: Can I have pixmap backgrounds in XEmacs? +* Q4.0.8:: How do I display non-ASCII characters? +* Q4.0.9:: Font selections in don't get saved after ＠code{Save Options}. + +4.1: Syntax Highlighting (Font Lock) +* Q4.1.1:: How can I do source code highlighting using font-lock? +* Q4.1.2:: How do I get ＠samp{More} Syntax Highlighting on by default? + +4.2: The Modeline +* Q4.2.1:: How can I make the modeline go away? +* Q4.2.2:: How do you have XEmacs display the line number in the modeline? +* Q4.2.3:: How do I get XEmacs to put the time of day on the modeline? +* Q4.2.4:: How can I change the modeline color based on the mode used? + +4.3: The Cursor +* Q4.3.1:: Is there a way to make the bar cursor thicker? +* Q4.3.2:: Is there a way to get back the block cursor? +* Q4.3.3:: Can I make the cursor blink? + +4.4: The Menubar +* Q4.4.1:: How do I get rid of the menubar? +* Q4.4.2:: How can I customize the menubar? +* Q4.4.3:: How do I enable use of the keyboard (＠kbd{Alt}) to access menu items? +* Q4.4.4:: How do I control how many buffers are listed in the menu ＠code{Buffers List}? +* Q4.4.5:: Resources like ＠code{Emacs*menubar*font} are not working? + +4.5: The Toolbar +* Q4.5.1:: How do I get rid of the toolbar? +* Q4.5.2:: How can I customize the toolbar? +* Q4.5.3:: How can I bind a key to a function to toggle the toolbar? +* Q4.5.4:: ＠samp{Can't instantiate image error...} in toolbar + +4.6: Scrollbars and Scrolling +* Q4.6.1:: How can I disable the scrollbar? +* Q4.6.2:: How can I change the scrollbar width? +* Q4.6.3:: How can I use resources to change scrollbar colors? +* Q4.6.4:: Moving the scrollbar can move the point; can I disable this? +* Q4.6.5:: Scrolling one line at a time. +* Q4.6.6:: How can I turn off automatic horizontal scrolling in specific modes? +* Q4.6.7:: I find auto-show-mode disconcerting. How do I turn it off? + +4.7: The Gutter Tabs, The Progress Bar, Widgets +* Q4.7.1:: How can I disable the gutter tabs? +* Q4.7.2:: How can I disable the progress bar? +* Q4.7.3:: There are bugs in the gutter or widgets. +* Q4.7.4:: How can I customize the gutter or gutter tabs? +＠end menu -This cannot be changed. +＠unnumberedsec 4.0: Textual Fonts and Colors -＠node Q3.9.4, Q3.10.1, Q3.9.3, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.9.4: How can I turn off automatic horizontal scrolling in specific modes? +＠node Q4.0.1, Q4.0.2, Display, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.1: How do I specify a font? -Do ＠code{(setq truncate-lines t)} in the mode-hooks for any modes -in which you want lines truncated. +#### Update me. -More precisely: If ＠code{truncate-lines} is nil, horizontal scrollbars -will never appear. Otherwise, they will appear only if the value of -＠code{scrollbar-height} for that buffer/window/etc. is non-zero. If you -do +In 21.4 and above, you can use the ＠samp{Options} menu to change the font. +You can also do it in your init file, e.g. like this (for MS Windows): -＠lisp -(set-specifier scrollbar-height 0) -＠end lisp +＠display + (set-face-font 'default "Lucida Console:Regular:10") + (set-face-font 'modeline "MS Sans Serif:Regular:10") +＠end display -then horizontal scrollbars will not appear in truncated buffers unless -the package specifically asked for them. +＠node Q4.0.2, Q4.0.3, Q4.0.1, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.2: How do I set the text, menu and modeline fonts? -＠node Q3.10.1, Q3.10.2, Q3.9.4, Customization -＠unnumberedsec 3.10: Text Selections -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.10.1: How can I turn off or change highlighted selections? +#### Update me. -The ＠code{zmacs} mode allows for what some might call gratuitous -highlighting for selected regions (either by setting mark or by using -the mouse). This is the default behavior. To turn off, add the -following line to your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} file: +Note that you should use ＠samp{Emacs.} and not ＠samp{Emacs*} when +setting face values. -＠lisp -(setq zmacs-regions nil) -＠end lisp +In ＠file{.Xresources}: -Starting with XEmacs-20.2 you can also change this with Customize. Select -from the ＠code{Options} menu ＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Editing->Basics->Zmacs -Regions} or type ＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} editing-basics ＠key{RET}}. +＠example +Emacs.default.attributeFont: -*-*-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-m-*-*-* +Emacs*menubar*font: fixed +Emacs.modeline.attributeFont: fixed +＠end example -To change the face for selection, look at ＠code{Options->Customize} on -the menubar. +This is confusing because ＠samp{default} and ＠samp{modeline} are face +names, and can be found listed with all faces in the current mode by +using ＠kbd{M-x set-face-font (enter) ?}. They use the face-specific +resource ＠samp{attributeFont}. -＠node Q3.10.2, Q3.10.3, Q3.10.1, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.10.2: How do I get that typing on an active region removes it? +On the other hand, ＠samp{menubar} is a normal X thing that uses the +resource ＠samp{font}. With Motif it ＠emph{may be} necessary to use +＠samp{fontList} ＠emph{instead of} ＠samp{font}. In ＠emph{non-Motif} +configurations with Mule it ＠emph{is} necessary to use ＠samp{fontSet} +instead of ＠samp{font}. (Sorry, there just is no simple recipe here.) -I want to change things so that if I select some text and start typing, -the typed text replaces the selected text, similar to Motif. +＠node Q4.0.3, Q4.0.4, Q4.0.2, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.3: How can I set color options from ＠file{init.el}? -You want to use something called ＠dfn{pending delete}. Pending delete -is what happens when you select a region (with the mouse or keyboard) -and you press a key to replace the selected region by the key you typed. -Usually backspace kills the selected region. +How can I set the most commonly used color options from my +(a)file{init.el} instead of from my ＠file{.Xresources}? -To get this behavior, ensure that you have the ＠file{pc} package -installed, and add the following lines to your -＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +Like this: ＠lisp -(cond - ((fboundp 'turn-on-pending-delete) - (turn-on-pending-delete)) - ((fboundp 'pending-delete-on) - (pending-delete-on t))) +(set-face-background 'default "bisque") ; frame background +(set-face-foreground 'default "black") ; normal text +(set-face-background 'zmacs-region "red") ; When selecting w/ + ; mouse +(set-face-foreground 'zmacs-region "yellow") +(set-face-font 'default "*courier-bold-r*120-100-100*") +(set-face-background 'highlight "blue") ; Ie when selecting + ; buffers +(set-face-foreground 'highlight "yellow") +(set-face-background 'modeline "blue") ; Line at bottom + ; of buffer +(set-face-foreground 'modeline "white") +(set-face-font 'modeline "*bold-r-normal*140-100-100*") +(set-face-background 'isearch "yellow") ; When highlighting + ; while searching +(set-face-foreground 'isearch "red") +(setq x-pointer-foreground-color "black") ; Adds to bg color, + ; so keep black +(setq x-pointer-background-color "blue") ; This is color + ; you really + ; want ptr/crsr ＠end lisp -Note that this will work with both Backspace and Delete. This code is a -tad more complicated than it has to be for XEmacs in order to make it -more portable. +＠node Q4.0.4, Q4.0.5, Q4.0.3, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.4: How can I set the colors when highlighting a region? -＠node Q3.10.3, Q3.10.4, Q3.10.2, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.10.3: Can I turn off the highlight during isearch? +How can I set the background/foreground colors when highlighting a +region? -I do not like my text highlighted while I am doing isearch as I am not -able to see what's underneath. How do I turn it off? +You can change the face ＠code{zmacs-region} either in your +(a)file{.Xresources}: + +＠example +Emacs.zmacs-region.attributeForeground: firebrick +Emacs.zmacs-region.attributeBackground: lightseagreen +＠end example -Put the following in your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +or in your ＠file{init.el}: ＠lisp -(setq isearch-highlight nil) +(set-face-background 'zmacs-region "red") +(set-face-foreground 'zmacs-region "yellow") ＠end lisp -Starting with XEmacs-20.2 you can also change this with Customize. Type -＠kbd{M-x customize-variable ＠key{RET} isearch-highlight ＠key{RET}}. +＠node Q4.0.5, Q4.0.6, Q4.0.4, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.5: How can I limit color map usage? -Note also that isearch-highlight affects query-replace and ispell. -Instead of disabling isearch-highlight you may find that a better -solution consists of customizing the ＠code{isearch} face. +I'm using Netscape (or another color grabber like XEmacs); +is there any way to limit the number of available colors in the color map? + +Answer: No, but you can start Netscape before XEmacs, and it will use +the closest available color if the colormap is full. You can also limit +the number of colors Netscape uses, using the flags -mono, -ncols <#> or +-install (for mono, limiting to <#> colors, or for using a private color +map). + +If you have the money, another solution would be to use a truecolor or +direct color video. -＠node Q3.10.4, Q3.10.5, Q3.10.3, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.10.4: How do I turn off highlighting after ＠kbd{C-x C-p} (mark-page)? +＠node Q4.0.6, Q4.0.7, Q4.0.5, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.6: My tty supports color, but XEmacs doesn't use them. -Put this in your ＠code{.emacs}: +XEmacs tries to automatically determine whether your tty supports color, +but sometimes guesses wrong. In that case, you can make XEmacs Do The +Right Thing using this Lisp code: ＠lisp -(setq zmacs-regions nil) +(if (eq 'tty (device-type)) + (set-device-class nil 'color)) ＠end lisp -＠strong{Warning: This command turns off all region highlighting.} +＠node Q4.0.7, Q4.0.8, Q4.0.6, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.7: Can I have pixmap backgrounds in XEmacs? +＠c New +＠email{jvillaci＠(a)wahnsinnig.extreme.indiana.edu, Juan Villacis} writes: + +＠quotation +There are several ways to do it. For example, you could specify a +default pixmap image to use in your ＠file{~/.Xresources}, e.g., -Also see ＠ref{Q3.10.1}. -＠node Q3.10.5, Q3.10.6, Q3.10.4, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.10.5: The region disappears when I hit the end of buffer while scrolling. +＠example + Emacs*EmacsFrame.default.attributeBackgroundPixmap: /path/to/image.xpm +＠end example -This has been fixed by default starting with XEmacs-20.3. -With older versions you can turn this feature (if it indeed is a feature) -off like this: +and then reload ~/.Xresources and restart XEmacs. Alternatively, +since each face can have its own pixmap background, a better way +would be to set a face's pixmap within your XEmacs init file, e.g., ＠lisp -(defadvice scroll-up (around scroll-up freeze) - (interactive "_P") - (let ((zmacs-region-stays t)) - (if (interactive-p) - (condition-case nil - ad-do-it - (end-of-buffer (goto-char (point-max)))) - ad-do-it))) - -(defadvice scroll-down (around scroll-down freeze) - (interactive "_P") - (let ((zmacs-region-stays t)) - (if (interactive-p) - (condition-case nil - ad-do-it - (beginning-of-buffer (goto-char (point-min)))) - ad-do-it))) + (set-face-background-pixmap 'default "/path/to/image.xpm") + (set-face-background-pixmap 'bold "/path/to/another_image.xpm") ＠end lisp -Thanks to ＠email{raman＠(a)adobe.com, T. V. Raman} for assistance in deriving this -answer. +and so on. You can also do this interactively via ＠kbd{M-x edit-faces}. -＠node Q3.10.6, , Q3.10.5, Customization -＠unnumberedsubsec Q3.10.6: Why is killing so slow? +＠end quotation -This actually is an X Windows question, although you'll notice it with -keyboard operations as well as while using the GUI. Basically, there -are four ways to communicate interprogram via the X server: +＠node Q4.0.8, Q4.0.9, Q4.0.7, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.8: How do I display non-ASCII characters? +＠c New -＠table ＠strong -＠item Primary selection -a transient selection that gets replaced every time a new selection is made +If you're using a Mule-enabled XEmacs, then display is automatic. If +you're not seeing the characters you expect, either (1) you don't have +appropriate fonts available or (2) XEmacs did not correctly detect the +coding system (＠pxref{Recognize Coding, , , xemacs}). In case (1), +install fonts as is customary for your platform. In case (2), you +need to tell XEmacs explicitly what coding systems you're using. +＠ref{Specify Coding, , , xemacs}. -＠item Secondary selection -for "exchanging" with the primary selection +If your XEmacs is not Mule-enabled, and for some reason getting a +Mule-enabled XEmacs seems like the wrong thing to do, all is not lost. +You can arrange it by brute force. In ＠file{event-Xt.c} (suppress the +urge to look in this file---play Doom instead, because you'll survive +longer), it is written: -＠item Cut buffers -a clipboard internal to the X server (deprecated) +＠quotation +In a non-Mule world, a user can still have a multi-lingual editor, by +doing ＠code{(set-face-font "-*-iso8859-2" (current-buffer))} for all +their Latin-2 buffers, etc. +＠end quotation -＠item Clipboard selection -a selection with a notification protocol that allows a separate app to -manage the clipboard -＠end table +For the related problem of ＠emph{inputting} non-ASCII characters in a +non-Mule XEmacs, ＠xref{Q3.0.6, How can you type in special characters +in XEmacs?}. -The cut buffers are deprecated because managing them is even more -inefficient than the clipboard notification protocol. The primary -selection works fine for many users and applications, but is not very -robust under intensive or sophisticated use. +＠node Q4.0.9, Q4.1.1, Q4.0.8, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.9: Font selections in don't get saved after ＠code{Save Options}. -In Motif and MS Windows, a clipboard has become the primary means for -managing cut and paste. These means that "modern" applications tend to -be oriented toward a true clipboard, rather than the primary selection. -(On Windows, there is nothing equivalent to the primary selection.) -It's not that XEmacs doesn't support the simple primary selection -method, it's that more and more other applications don't. +＠email{mannj＠(a)ll.mit.edu, John Mann} writes: -So the slowdown occurs because XEmacs now engages in the clipboard -notification protocol on ＠emph{every} kill. This is especially slow on -Motif. +＠quotation +You have to go to ＠samp{Options->Menubars} and unselect +＠samp{Frame-Local Font Menu}. If this option is selected, font changes +are only applied to the ＠emph{current} frame and do ＠emph{not} get saved +when you save options. +＠end quotation -With most people running most clients and server on the same host, and -many of the rest working over very fast communication, you may expect -that the situation is not going to improve. +Also, set the following in your ＠file{init.el}: -There are a number of workarounds. The most effective is to use a -special command to do selection ownership only when you intend to paste -to another application. Useful commands are ＠code{kill-primary-selection} -and ＠code{copy-primary-selection}. These work only on text selected -with the mouse (probably; experiment), and are bound by default to the -＠kbd{Cut} and ＠kbd{Copy}, respectively, buttons on the toolbar. -＠code{copy-primary-selection} is also bound to ＠kbd{C-Insert}. You can -yank the clipboard contents with ＠code{yank-primary-selection}, bound to -the ＠kbd{Paste} toolbar button and ＠kbd{Sh-Insert}. +＠lisp +(setq options-save-faces t) +＠end lisp -If you are communicating by cut and paste with applications that use the -primary selection, then you can customize -＠code{interprogram-cut-function} to ＠code{nil}, restoring the XEmacs -version 20 behavior. How can you tell if a program will support this? -Motifly-correct programs require the clipboard; you lose. For others, -only by trying it. You also need to customize the complementary -＠code{interprogram-paste-function} to ＠code{nil}. (Otherwise -XEmacs-to-XEmacs pastes will not work correctly.) +＠unnumberedsec 4.1: Syntax Highlighting (Font Lock) -You may get some relief on Motif by setting -＠code{x-selection-strict-motif-ownership} to nil, but this means you will -only intermittently be able to paste XEmacs kills to Motif applications. +＠node Q4.1.1, Q4.1.2, Q4.0.9, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.1.1: How can I do source code highlighting using font-lock? -Thanks to Jeff Mincy and Glynn Clements for corrections. +For most modes, font-lock is already set up and just needs to be turned +on. This can be done by adding the line: -＠node Subsystems, Miscellaneous, Customization, Top -＠unnumbered 4 Major Subsystems +＠lisp +(require 'font-lock) +＠end lisp -This is part 4 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This -section is devoted to major XEmacs subsystems. +to your ＠file{init.el}. (You can turn it on for the +current buffer and session only by ＠kbd{M-x font-lock-mode}.) See the +file ＠file{etc/sample.init.el} (＠file{etc/sample.emacs} in XEmacs +versions prior to 21.4) for more information. -＠menu -Reading Mail with VM: -* Q4.0.1:: How do I set up VM to retrieve remote mail using POP? -* Q4.0.2:: How do I get VM to filter mail for me? -* Q4.0.3:: How can I get VM to automatically check for new mail? -* Q4.0.4:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q4.0.5:: How do I get my outgoing mail archived? -* Q4.0.6:: I have various addresses at which I receive mail. How can I tell VM to ignore them when doing a "reply-all"? -* Q4.0.7:: Is there a mailing list or FAQ for VM? -* Q4.0.8:: Remote mail reading with VM. -* Q4.0.9:: rmail or VM gets an error incorporating new mail. -* Q4.0.10:: How do I make VM stay in a single frame? -* Q4.0.11:: How do I make VM or mh-e display graphical smilies? -* Q4.0.12:: Customization of VM not covered in the manual or here. - -Web browsing with W3: -* Q4.1.1:: What is W3? -* Q4.1.2:: How do I run W3 from behind a firewall? -* Q4.1.3:: Is it true that W3 supports style sheets and tables? - -Reading Netnews and Mail with Gnus: -* Q4.2.1:: GNUS, (ding) Gnus, Gnus 5, September Gnus, Red Gnus,argh! -* Q4.2.2:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q4.2.3:: How do I make Gnus stay within a single frame? -* Q4.2.4:: How do I customize the From: line? - -Other Mail & News: -* Q4.3.1:: How can I read and/or compose MIME messages? -* Q4.3.2:: What is TM and where do I get it? -* Q4.3.3:: Why isn't this ＠code{movemail} program working? -* Q4.3.4:: Movemail is also distributed by Netscape? Can that cause problems? -* Q4.3.5:: Where do I find pstogif (required by tm)? - -Sparcworks, EOS, and WorkShop: -* Q4.4.1:: What is SPARCworks, EOS, and WorkShop -* Q4.4.2:: How do I start the Sun Workshop support in XEmacs 21? - -Energize: -* Q4.5.1:: What is/was Energize? - -Infodock: -* Q4.6.1:: What is Infodock? - -Other Unbundled Packages: -* Q4.7.1:: What is AUC TeX? Where do you get it? -* Q4.7.2:: Are there any Emacs Lisp Spreadsheets? -* Q4.7.3:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q4.7.4:: Problems installing AUC TeX -* Q4.7.5:: Is there a reason for an Emacs package not to be included in XEmacs? -* Q4.7.6:: Is there a MatLab mode? -* Q4.7.7:: Can I edit files on other hosts? -＠end menu +＠c the old way: +＠c (add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) +＠c (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) + +See also ＠code{Syntax Highlighting} from the ＠code{Options} menu. +Remember to save options. -＠node Q4.0.1, Q4.0.2, Subsystems, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsec 4.0: Reading Mail with VM -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.1: How do I set up VM to retrieve mail from a remote site using POP? +＠node Q4.1.2, Q4.2.1, Q4.1.1, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.1.2: How do I get ＠samp{More} Syntax Highlighting on by default? -Use ＠code{vm-spool-files}, like this for example: +Use the following code in your ＠file{init.el}: ＠lisp -(setq vm-spool-files '("/var/spool/mail/wing" - "netcom23.netcom.com:110:pass:wing:MYPASS")) +(setq-default font-lock-maximum-decoration t) ＠end lisp - -Of course substitute your actual password for MYPASS. -＠node Q4.0.2, Q4.0.3, Q4.0.1, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.2: How do I get VM to filter mail for me? +See also ＠code{Syntax Highlighting} from the ＠code{Options} menu. +Remember to save options. -One possibility is to use procmail to split your mail before it gets to -VM. I prefer this personally, since there are many strange and -wonderful things one can do with procmail. Procmail may be found at -＠uref{ftp://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/pub/packages/procmail/}. +＠unnumberedsec 4.2: The Modeline -Also see the Mail Filtering FAQ at: -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/mail/filtering-faq}. -＠c Link above, -＠c <URL:http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/mail/filtering-faq... -＠c was dead. +＠node Q4.2.1, Q4.2.2, Q4.1.2, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.2.1: How can I make the modeline go away? -＠node Q4.0.3, Q4.0.4, Q4.0.2, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.3: How can I get VM to automatically check for new mail? +＠lisp +(set-specifier has-modeline-p nil) +＠end lisp -＠email{turner＠(a)lanl.gov, John Turner} writes: +＠node Q4.2.2, Q4.2.3, Q4.2.1, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.2.2: How do you have XEmacs display the line number in the modeline? -＠quotation -Use the following: +Add the following line to your ＠file{init.el} file to +display the line number: ＠lisp -(setq vm-auto-get-new-mail 60) +(line-number-mode 1) ＠end lisp -＠end quotation - -＠node Q4.0.4, Q4.0.5, Q4.0.3, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.4: [This question intentionally left blank] -Obsolete question, left blank to avoid renumbering. - -＠node Q4.0.5, Q4.0.6, Q4.0.4, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.5: How do I get my outgoing mail archived? +Use the following to display the column number: ＠lisp -(setq mail-archive-file-name "~/outbox") +(column-number-mode 1) ＠end lisp + +Or select from the ＠code{Options} menu +＠iftex +＠* +＠end iftex +＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Editing->Basics->Line Number Mode} +and/or +＠iftex +＠* +＠end iftex +＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Editing->Basics->Column Number Mode} + +Or type ＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} editing-basics ＠key{RET}}. -＠node Q4.0.6, Q4.0.7, Q4.0.5, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.6: I have various addresses at which I receive mail. How can I tell VM to ignore them when doing a "reply-all"? +＠node Q4.2.3, Q4.2.4, Q4.2.2, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.2.3: How do I get XEmacs to put the time of day on the modeline? -Set ＠code{vm-reply-ignored-addresses} to a list, like +Add the following line to your ＠file{init.el} file to +display the time: ＠lisp -(setq vm-reply-ignored-addresses - &#39;(&quot;wing＠＠nuspl＠(a)nvwls.cc.purdue.edu,netcom[0-9]*.netcom.com&quot; - &quot;wing＠(a)netcom.com&quot; &quot;wing＠(a)xemacs.org&quot;)) +(display-time) ＠end lisp -Note that each string is a regular expression. +See ＠code{Customize} from the ＠code{Options} menu for customization. -＠node Q4.0.7, Q4.0.8, Q4.0.6, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.7: Is there a mailing list or FAQ for VM? +＠node Q4.2.4, Q4.3.1, Q4.2.3, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.2.4: How can I change the modeline color based on the mode used? -A FAQ for VM exists at ＠uref{http://www.wonderworks.com/vm/FAQ.html}. +You can use something like the following: -VM has its own newsgroups gnu.emacs.vm.info and gnu.emacs.vm.bug. +＠lisp +(add-hook 'lisp-mode-hook + (lambda () + (set-face-background 'modeline "red" (current-buffer)))) +＠end lisp -＠node Q4.0.8, Q4.0.9, Q4.0.7, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.8: Remote mail reading with VM. +Then, when editing a Lisp file (i.e. when in Lisp mode), the modeline +colors change from the default set in your ＠file{init.el}. +The change will only be made in the buffer you just entered (which +contains the Lisp file you are editing) and will not affect the modeline +colors anywhere else. -My mailbox lives at the office on a big honkin server. My regular INBOX -lives on my honkin desktop machine. I now can PPP to the office from -home which is far from honking... I'd like to be able to read mail at -home without storing it here and I'd like to use xemacs and VM at -home... Is there a recommended setup? +Notes: -＠email{nuspl＠(a)nvwls.cc.purdue.edu, Joseph J. Nuspl Jr.} writes: +＠itemize ＠bullet -＠quotation -There are several ways to do this. +＠item The hook is the mode name plus ＠code{-hook}. eg. c-mode-hook, +c++-mode-hook, emacs-lisp-mode-hook (used for your +(a)file{init.el} or a ＠file{xx.el} file), +lisp-interaction-mode-hook (the ＠samp{*scratch*} buffer), +text-mode-hook, etc. -＠enumerate ＠item -Set your display to your home machine and run dxpc or one of the other X -compressors. +Be sure to use ＠code{add-hook}, not ＠code{(setq c-mode-hook xxxx)}, +otherwise you will erase anything that anybody has already put on the +hook. ＠item -NFS mount your desktop machine on your home machine and modify your pop -command on your home machine to rsh to your desktop machine and actually -do the pop get's. +You can also do ＠code{(set-face-font 'modeline ＠var{font})}, +eg. ＠code{(set-face-font 'modeline "*bold-r-normal*140-100-100*" +(current-buffer))} if you wish the modeline font to vary based on the +current mode. +＠end itemize -＠item -Run a POP server on your desktop machine as well and do a sort of two -tiered POP get. -＠end enumerate -＠end quotation +There are additional modeline faces, ＠code{modeline-buffer-id}, +＠code{modeline-mousable}, and ＠code{modeline-mousable-minor-mode}, which +you may want to customize. - ＠email{wmperry＠(a)monolith.spry.com, William Perry} adds: +＠unnumberedsec 4.3: The Cursor -＠quotation -Or you could run a pop script periodically on your desktop machine, and -just use ange-ftp or NFS to get to your mailbox. I used to do this all -the time back at IU. -＠end quotation +＠node Q4.3.1, Q4.3.2, Q4.2.4, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.3.1: Is there a way to make the bar cursor thicker? + +I'd like to have the bar cursor a little thicker, as I tend to "lose" it +often. -＠node Q4.0.9, Q4.0.10, Q4.0.8, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.9: rmail or VM gets an error incorporating new mail. +For a 1 pixel bar cursor, use: -Quoting the XEmacs PROBLEMS file: +＠lisp +(setq bar-cursor t) +＠end lisp -＠quotation -rmail and VM get new mail from ＠file{/usr/spool/mail/$USER} using a -program called ＠code{movemail}. This program interlocks with -＠code{/bin/mail} using the protocol defined by ＠code{/bin/mail}. - -There are two different protocols in general use. One of them uses the -＠code{flock} system call. The other involves creating a lock file; -＠code{movemail} must be able to write in ＠file{/usr/spool/mail} in order -to do this. You control which one is used by defining, or not defining, -the macro ＠code{MAIL_USE_FLOCK} in ＠file{config.h} or the m- or s- file -it includes. +For a 2 pixel bar cursor, use: -＠strong{IF YOU DON'T USE THE FORM OF INTERLOCKING THAT IS NORMAL ON YOUR -SYSTEM, YOU CAN LOSE MAIL!} +＠lisp +(setq bar-cursor 'anything-else) +＠end lisp -If your system uses the lock file protocol, and fascist restrictions -prevent ordinary users from writing the lock files in -＠file{/usr/spool/mail}, you may need to make ＠code{movemail} setgid to a -suitable group such as ＠samp{mail}. You can use these commands (as -root): +You can also change these with Customize. +Select from the ＠code{Options} menu +＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Environment->Display->Bar Cursor...} or type +＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} display ＠key{RET}}. + +You can use a color to make it stand out better: ＠example -chgrp mail movemail -chmod 2755 movemail +Emacs*cursorColor: Red ＠end example -If your system uses the lock file protocol, and fascist restrictions -prevent ordinary users from writing the lock files in -＠file{/usr/spool/mail}, you may need to make ＠code{movemail} setgid to a -suitable group such as ＠code{mail}. To do this, use the following -commands (as root) after doing the make install. +＠node Q4.3.2, Q4.3.3, Q4.3.1, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.3.2: Is there a way to get back the block cursor? -＠example -chgrp mail movemail -chmod 2755 movemail -＠end example +＠lisp +(setq bar-cursor nil) +＠end lisp -Installation normally copies movemail from the build directory to an -installation directory which is usually under ＠file{/usr/local/lib}. -The installed copy of ＠code{movemail} is usually in the directory -＠file{/usr/local/lib/emacs/VERSION/TARGET}. You must change the group -and mode of the installed copy; changing the group and mode of the build -directory copy is ineffective. -＠end quotation +You can also change this with Customize. +Select from the ＠code{Options} menu +＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Environment->Display->Bar Cursor...} or type +＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} display ＠key{RET}}. -＠node Q4.0.10, Q4.0.11, Q4.0.9, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.10: How do I make VM stay in a single frame? +＠node Q4.3.3, Q4.4.1, Q4.3.2, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.3.3: Can I make the cursor blink? -John.＠email{Cooper＠(a)Eng.Sun.COM, John S Cooper} writes: +Yes, like this: -＠quotation ＠lisp - ; Don't use multiple frames -(setq vm-frame-per-composition nil) -(setq vm-frame-per-folder nil) -(setq vm-frame-per-edit nil) -(setq vm-frame-per-summary nil) +(blink-cursor-mode) ＠end lisp -＠end quotation -＠node Q4.0.11, Q4.0.12, Q4.0.10, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.11: How do I make VM or mh-e display graphical smilies? -＠c Changed June -For mh-e use the following: +This function toggles between a steady cursor and a blinking cursor. +You may also set this mode from the menu bar by selecting +＠samp{Options->Display->Blinking Cursor}. Remember to save options. -＠lisp -(add-hook 'mh-show-mode-hook '(lambda () - (smiley-region (point-min) - (point-max)))) -＠end lisp +＠unnumberedsec 4.4: The Menubar -＠email{bill＠(a)carpenter.ORG, WJCarpenter} writes: -For VM use the following: -＠lisp - (autoload 'smiley-region "smiley" nil t) - (add-hook 'vm-select-message-hook - '(lambda () - (smiley-region (point-min) - (point-max)))) -＠end lisp +＠node Q4.4.1, Q4.4.2, Q4.3.3, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.4.1: How do I get rid of the menubar? -For tm use the following: ＠lisp -(autoload 'smiley-buffer "smiley" nil t) -(add-hook 'mime-viewer/plain-text-preview-hook 'smiley-buffer) +(set-specifier menubar-visible-p nil) ＠end lisp -＠node Q4.0.12, Q4.1.1, Q4.0.11, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.0.12: Customization of VM not covered in the manual, or here. - -＠email{boffi＠(a)hp735.stru.polimi.it, giacomo boffi} writes: +＠node Q4.4.2, Q4.4.3, Q4.4.1, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.4.2: How can I customize the menubar? -＠quotation -The meta-answer is to look into the file ＠file{vm-vars.el}, in the vm -directory of the lisp library. +For an extensive menubar, add this line to your ＠file{init.el}: -(a)file{vm-vars.el} contains, initializes and carefully describes, with -examples of usage, the plethora of user options that ＠emph{fully} -control VM's behavior. +＠lisp +(load "big-menubar") +＠end lisp -Enter vm-vars, ＠code{forward-search} for toolbar, find the variables -that control the toolbar placement, appearance, existence, copy to your -＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} or ＠file{.vm} and modify according to the -detailed instructions. +If you'd like to write your own, this file provides as good a set of +examples as any to start from. The file is located in edit-utils +package. -The above also applies to all the various features of VM: search for -some keywords, maybe the first you conjure isn't appropriate, find the -appropriate variables, copy and experiment. -＠end quotation +＠node Q4.4.3, Q4.4.4, Q4.4.2, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.4.3: How do I enable use of the keyboard (＠kbd{Alt}) to access menu items? -＠node Q4.1.1, Q4.1.2, Q4.0.12, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsec 4.1: Web browsing with W3 -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.1.1: What is W3? +#### Write me. -W3 is an advanced graphical browser written in Emacs lisp that runs on -XEmacs. It has full support for cascaded style sheets, and more... +＠node Q4.4.4, Q4.4.5, Q4.4.3, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.4.4: How do I control how many buffers are listed in the menu ＠code{Buffers List}? -It has a home web page at -＠uref{http://www.cs.indiana.edu/elisp/w3/docs.html}. +Add the following to your ＠file{init.el} (suit to fit): -＠node Q4.1.2, Q4.1.3, Q4.1.1, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.1.2: How do I run W3 from behind a firewall? +＠lisp +(setq buffers-menu-max-size 20) +＠end lisp -There is a long, well-written, detailed section in the W3 manual that -describes how to do this. Look in the section entitled "Firewalls". +For no limit, use an argument of ＠samp{nil}. -＠node Q4.1.3, Q4.2.1, Q4.1.2, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.1.3: Is it true that W3 supports style sheets and tables? +You can also change this with Customize. Select from the +＠code{Options} menu +＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Environment->Menu->Buffers Menu->Max Size...} +or type ＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} buffers-menu ＠key{RET}}. -Yes, and much more. W3, as distributed with the latest XEmacs is a -full-featured web browser. +＠node Q4.4.5, Q4.5.1, Q4.4.4, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.4.5: Resources like ＠code{Emacs*menubar*font} are not working? -＠node Q4.2.1, Q4.2.2, Q4.1.3, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsec 4.2: Reading Netnews and Mail with Gnus -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.2.1: GNUS, (ding) Gnus, Gnus 5, September Gnus, Red Gnus, Quassia Gnus, argh! +I am trying to use a resource like ＠code{Emacs*menubar*font} to set the +font of the menubar but it's not working. -The Gnus numbering issues are not meant for mere mortals to know them. -If you feel you ＠emph{must} enter the muddy waters of Gnus, visit the -excellent FAQ, maintained by Justin Sheehy, at: +In Motif, the use of ＠samp{font} resources is obsoleted in order to +support internationalization. If you are using the real Motif menubar, +this resource is not recognized at all; you have to say: ＠example -＠uref{http://www.ccs.neu.edu/software/contrib/gnus/} +Emacs*menubar*fontList: FONT ＠end example -See also Gnus home page +If you are using the Lucid menubar, for backward compatibility with +existing user configurations, the ＠samp{font} resource is recognized. +Since this is not supported by Motif itself, the code is a kludge and +the ＠samp{font} resource will be recognized only if the ＠samp{fontList} +resource resource is unset. This means that the resource + ＠example -＠uref{http://www.gnus.org/} +*fontList: FONT ＠end example - -＠node Q4.2.2, Q4.2.3, Q4.2.1, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.2.2: This question intentionally left blank. - -Obsolete question, left blank to avoid renumbering. - -＠node Q4.2.3, Q4.2.4, Q4.2.2, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.2.3: How do I make Gnus stay within a single frame? -The toolbar code to start Gnus opens the new frame---and it's a feature -rather than a bug. If you don't like it, but would still like to click -on the seemly icon, use the following code: +will override -＠lisp -(defun toolbar-news () - (gnus)) -＠end lisp +＠example +Emacs*menubar*font: FONT +＠end example -It will redefine the callback function of the icon to just call -＠code{gnus}, without all the fancy frame stuff. +even though the latter is more specific. -＠node Q4.2.4, Q4.3.1, Q4.2.3, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.2.4: How do I customize the From: line? +In non-Motif configurations using ＠samp{--with-mule} and +＠samp{--with-xfs} it ＠emph{is} necessary to use the ＠code{fontSet} +resource ＠emph{instead of} the ＠code{font} resource. The backward +compatibility kludge was never implemented for non-Motif builds. +Example: -How do I change the ＠code{From:} line? I have set gnus-user-from-line -to -＠example -Gail Gurman <gail.gurman＠(a)sybase.com&gt; -＠end example -＠noindent , but XEmacs Gnus doesn't use -it. Instead it uses ＠example -Gail Mara Gurman ＠email{gailg＠＠deall} +*fontSet: FONT ＠end example -＠noindent and then complains -that it's incorrect. Also, as you perhaps can see, my Message-ID is -screwy. How can I change that? -＠email{larsi＠(a)ifi.uio.no, Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen} writes: +＠unnumberedsec 4.5: The Toolbar -＠quotation -Set ＠code{user-mail-address} to ＠samp{gail.gurman＠(a)sybase.com} or -＠code{mail-host-address} to ＠samp{sybase.com}. -＠end quotation +＠node Q4.5.1, Q4.5.2, Q4.4.5, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.5.1: How do I get rid of the toolbar? -＠node Q4.3.1, Q4.3.2, Q4.2.4, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsec 4.3: Other Mail & News -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.3.1: How can I read and/or compose MIME messages? -＠c Changed June +#### Write me. -VM supports MIME natively. +＠node Q4.5.2, Q4.5.3, Q4.5.1, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.5.2: How can I customize the toolbar? -You probably want to use the Tools for MIME (tm). ＠xref{Q4.3.2}, for -details. +#### Write me. -＠email{trey＠(a)cs.berkeley.edu, Trey Jackson} has an Emacs & MIME web page at -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠uref{http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/~trey/emacs/mime.html}. +＠node Q4.5.3, Q4.5.4, Q4.5.2, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.5.3: How can I bind a key to a function to toggle the toolbar? +Try something like: -Another possibility is RMIME. You may find RMIME at -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠uref{http://www.cinti.net/~rmoody/rmime/index.html}. +＠lisp +(defun my-toggle-toolbar () + (interactive) + (set-specifier default-toolbar-visible-p + (not (specifier-instance default-toolbar-visible-p)))) +(global-set-key "\C-xT" 'my-toggle-toolbar) +＠end lisp +＠ignore +＠c Probably not relevant any more +There are redisplay bugs in 19.14 that may make the preceding result in +a messed-up display, especially for frames with multiple windows. You +may need to resize the frame before XEmacs completely realizes the +toolbar is really gone. +＠end ignore -＠node Q4.3.2, Q4.3.3, Q4.3.1, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.3.2: What is TM and where do I get it? +Thanks to ＠email{martin＠(a)xemacs.org, Martin Buchholz} for the correct +code. -TM stands for ＠dfn{Tools for MIME} and not Tiny MIME. TM integrates -with all major XEmacs packages like Gnus (all flavors), VM, MH-E, and -mailcrypt. It provides totally transparent and trouble-free MIME -support. When appropriate a message will be decoded in place in an -XEmacs buffer. +＠node Q4.5.4, Q4.6.1, Q4.5.3, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.5.4: ＠samp{Can't instantiate image error...} in toolbar -TM now comes as a package with XEmacs 19.16 and XEmacs 20.2. +＠email{expt＠(a)alanine.ram.org, Dr. Ram Samudrala} writes: -TM was written by ＠email{morioka＠(a)jaist.ac.jp, MORIOKA Tomohiko} and -＠email{shuhei-k＠(a)jaist.ac.jp, KOBAYASHI -Shuhei}. +I just installed the XEmacs (20.4-2) RPMS that I downloaded from +＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/}. Everything works fine, except that when +I place my mouse over the toolbar, it beeps and gives me this message: -It is based on the work of ＠email{umerin＠(a)mse.kyutech.ac.jp, UMEDA -Masanobu}, the original writer of GNUS. +＠example + Can't instantiate image (probably cached): + [xbm :mask-file "/usr/include/X11/bitmaps/leftptrmsk :mask-data + (16 16 <strange control characters> ... +＠end example -The following information is from the ＠file{README}: +＠email{kyle_jones＠(a)wonderworks.com, Kyle Jones} writes: +＠quotation +This is problem specific to some Chips and Technologies video +chips, when running XFree86. Putting -＠dfn{tm} is a MIME package for GNU Emacs. -tm has following functions: +＠code{Option "sw_cursor"} -＠itemize ＠bullet -＠item MIME style multilingual header. -＠item MIME message viewer (mime/viewer-mode). -＠item MIME message composer (mime/editor-mode). -＠item MIME extenders for mh-e, GNUS, RMAIL and VM. -＠end itemize +in ＠file{XF86Config} gets rid of the problem. +＠end quotation -tm is available from following anonymous ftp sites: -＠itemize ＠bullet -＠comment ＠item ＠uref{ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/GNU/elisp/mime/} (Japan). -＠comment ＠item ＠uref{ftp://ftp.nis.co.jp/pub/gnu/emacs-lisp/tm/} (Japan). -＠comment ＠c The host above is unknown. -＠comment ＠item ＠uref{ftp://ftp.nisiq.net/pub/gnu/emacs-lisp/tm/} (US). -＠comment ＠item ＠uref{ftp://ftp.miranova.com/pub/gnus/jaist.ac.jp/} (US). -＠item ＠uref{ftp://ftp.unicamp.br/pub/mail/mime/tm/} (Brasil). -＠item ＠uref{ftp://ftp.th-darmstadt.de/pub/editors/GNU-Emacs/lisp/mime/} (Germany). -＠item ＠uref{ftp://ftp.tnt.uni-hannover.de/pub/editors/xemacs/contrib/} (Germany). -＠end itemize +＠unnumberedsec 4.6: Scrollbars and Scrolling -Don't let the installation procedure & instructions stop you from trying -this package out---it's much simpler than it looks, and once installed, -trivial to use. +＠node Q4.6.1, Q4.6.2, Q4.5.4, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.6.1: How can I disable the scrollbar? -＠email{youngs＠(a)xemacs.org, Steve Youngs} writes: +To disable them for all frames, add the following line to +your ＠file{.Xresources}: -＠quotation -All the major Emacs Lisp based MUAs (Gnus, MH-E, and VM) all do their -own thing when it comes to MIME so you won't need TM to get MIME support -in these packages. -＠end quotation +＠example +Emacs.scrollBarWidth: 0 +＠end example -＠node Q4.3.3, Q4.3.4, Q4.3.2, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.3.3: Why isn't this ＠code{movemail} program working? +Or select ＠samp{Options->Display->Scrollbars}. +Remember to save options. -Ben Wing ＠email{ben＠(a)xemacs.org} writes: +To turn the scrollbar off on a per-frame basis, use the following +function: -＠quotation -It wasn't chown'ed/chmod'd correctly. -＠end quotation +＠lisp +(set-specifier scrollbar-width 0 (selected-frame)) +＠end lisp -＠node Q4.3.4, Q4.3.5, Q4.3.3, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.3.4: Movemail is also distributed by Netscape? Can that cause problems? +You can actually turn the scrollbars on at any level you want by +substituting for (selected-frame) in the above command. For example, to +turn the scrollbars off only in a single buffer: -＠email{steve＠(a)xemacs.org, Steve Baur} writes: +＠lisp +(set-specifier scrollbar-width 0 (current-buffer)) +＠end lisp -＠quotation -Yes. Always use the movemail installed with your XEmacs. Failure to do -so can result in lost mail. -＠end quotation +＠node Q4.6.2, Q4.6.3, Q4.6.1, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.6.2: How can I change the scrollbar width? -Please refer to ＠email{jwz＠(a)jwz.org, Jamie Zawinski's} notes at -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠uref{http://home.netscape.com/eng/mozilla/2.0/relnotes/demo/movemail.html}. -In particular, this document will show you how to make Netscape use the -version of movemail configured for your system by the person who built -XEmacs. +#### Write me. -＠node Q4.3.5, Q4.4.1, Q4.3.4, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.3.5: Where do I find pstogif (required by tm)? +＠node Q4.6.3, Q4.6.4, Q4.6.2, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.6.3: How can I use resources to change scrollbar colors? -pstogif is part of the latex2html package. +Here's a recap of how to use resources to change your scrollbar colors: -＠email{vroonhof＠(a)math.ethz.ch, Jan Vroonhof} writes: +＠example +! Motif scrollbars -latex2html is best found at the CTAN hosts and their mirrors -in -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠file{tex-archive/support/latex2html}. +Emacs*XmScrollBar.Background: skyblue +Emacs*XmScrollBar.troughColor: lightgray -CTAN hosts are: +! Athena scrollbars -＠itemize ＠bullet -＠item ＠uref{ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/support/latex2html/}. -＠item ＠uref{ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/support/latex2html/}. -＠end itemize +Emacs*Scrollbar.Foreground: skyblue +Emacs*Scrollbar.Background: lightgray +＠end example -There is a good mirror at ftp.cdrom.com; -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠uref{ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/tex/ctan/support/latex2html/}. +Note the capitalization of ＠code{Scrollbar} for the Athena widget. -＠node Q4.4.1, Q4.4.2, Q4.3.5, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsec 4.4: Sparcworks, EOS, and WorkShop -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.4.1: What is SPARCworks, EOS, and WorkShop? +＠node Q4.6.4, Q4.6.5, Q4.6.3, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.6.4: Moving the scrollbar can move the point; can I disable this? -＠email{turner＠(a)lanl.gov, John Turner} writes: +When I move the scrollbar in an XEmacs window, it moves the point as +well, which should not be the default behavior. Is this a bug or a +feature? Can I disable it? -＠quotation -SPARCworks is SunSoft's development environment, comprising compilers -(C, C++, FORTRAN 77, Fortran 90, Ada, and Pascal), a debugger, and other -tools such as TeamWare (for configuration management), MakeTool, etc. -＠end quotation +The current behavior is a feature, not a bug. Point remains at the same +buffer position as long as that position does not scroll off the screen. +In that event, point will end up in either the upper-left or lower-left +hand corner. -See ＠uref{http://www.sun.com/software/Developer-products/} -for more info. +This cannot be changed. -EOS stands for "Era on SPARCworks", but I don't know what Era stands -for. +＠node Q4.6.5, Q4.6.6, Q4.6.4, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.6.5: Scrolling one line at a time. -EOS is the integration of XEmacs with the SPARCworks debugger. It -allows one to use an XEmacs frame to view code (complete with -fontification, etc.), set breakpoints, print variables, etc., while -using the SPARCworks debugger. It works very well and I use it all the -time. +Can the cursor keys scroll the screen a line at a time, rather than the +default half page jump? I tend it to find it disorienting. -＠email{cthomp＠(a)xemacs.org, Chuck Thompson} writes: +Use the following: -＠quotation -Era stood for "Emacs Rewritten Again". It was what we were calling the -modified version of Lucid Emacs for Sun when I was dragged, er, allowed -to work on this wonderful editor. -＠end quotation +＠lisp +(setq scroll-step 1) +＠end lisp -＠email{martin＠(a)xemacs.org, Martin Buchholz} writes: +You can also change this with Customize. Select from the +＠code{Options} menu +＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Environment->Windows->Scroll Step...} +or type ＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} windows ＠key{RET}}. -＠quotation -EOS is being replaced with a new graphical development environment -called Sun WorkShop, which is currently (07/96) in Alpha Test. For more -details, check out -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠uref{http://www.sun.com/software/Products/Developer-products}. -＠end quotation +＠node Q4.6.6, Q4.6.7, Q4.6.5, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.6.6: How can I turn off automatic horizontal scrolling in specific modes? -＠node Q4.4.2, Q4.5.1, Q4.4.1, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.4.2: How do I start the Sun Workshop support in XEmacs 21? +Do ＠code{(setq truncate-lines t)} in the mode-hooks for any modes +in which you want lines truncated. -Add the switch ---with-workshop to the configure command when building -XEmacs and put the following in one of your startup files -(e.g. site-start.el or .emacs): +More precisely: If ＠code{truncate-lines} is nil, horizontal scrollbars +will never appear. Otherwise, they will appear only if the value of +＠code{scrollbar-height} for that buffer/window/etc. is non-zero. If you +do ＠lisp -(when (featurep 'tooltalk) - (load "tooltalk-macros") - (load "tooltalk-util") - (load "tooltalk-init")) -(when (featurep 'sparcworks) - (load "sunpro-init") - (load "ring") - (load "comint") - (load "annotations") - (sunpro-startup)) +(set-specifier scrollbar-height 0) ＠end lisp -If you are not using the latest Workshop (5.0) you have to apply the -following patch: +then horizontal scrollbars will not appear in truncated buffers unless +the package specifically asked for them. -＠format ---- /opt/SUNWspro/lib/eserve.el.ORIG Fri May 14 15:23:26 1999 -+++ /opt/SUNWspro/lib/eserve.el Fri May 14 15:24:54 1999 -＠＠＠＠ -42,7 +42,7 ＠＠＠＠ - (defvar running-xemacs nil "t if we're running XEmacs") - (defvar running-emacs nil "t if we're running GNU Emacs 19") +＠node Q4.6.7, Q4.7.1, Q4.6.6, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.6.7: I find auto-show-mode disconcerting. How do I turn it off? --(if (string-match "^\\(19\\|20\\)\..*\\(XEmacs\\|Lucid\\)" emacs-version) -+(if (string-match "\\(XEmacs\\|Lucid\\)" emacs-version) - (setq running-xemacs t) - (setq running-emacs t)) -＠end format +＠code{auto-show-mode} controls whether or not a horizontal scrollbar +magically appears when a line is too long to be displayed. This is +enabled by default. To turn it off, put the following in your +(a)file{init.el}: +＠lisp +(setq auto-show-mode nil) +(setq-default auto-show-mode nil) +＠end lisp +＠unnumberedsec 4.7: The Gutter Tabs, The Progress Bar, Widgets -＠node Q4.5.1, Q4.6.1, Q4.4.2, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsec 4.5: Energize -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.5.1: What is/was Energize? +＠node Q4.7.1, Q4.7.2, Q4.6.7, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.7.1: How can I disable the gutter tabs? -＠email{gray＠(a)meteor.harlequin.com, David N Gray} writes: -＠quotation -The files in ＠file{lisp/energize} are to enable Emacs to interface with -the "Energize Programming System", a C and C++ development environment, -which was a product of Lucid, Inc. Tragically, Lucid went out of -business in 1994, so although Energize is still a great system, if you -don't already have it, there isn't any way to get it now. (Unless you -happen to be in Japan; INS Engineering may still be selling it there. -Tartan bought the rights to sell it in the rest of the world, but never -did so.) -＠end quotation +#### Write me. -＠node Q4.6.1, Q4.7.1, Q4.5.1, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsec 4.6: Infodock -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.6.1: What is Infodock? +＠node Q4.7.2, Q4.7.3, Q4.7.1, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.7.2: How can I disable the progress bar? -＠uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/infodock/, InfoDock} is an -integrated productivity toolset, mainly aimed at technical people, -hosted at SourceForge. +#### Write me. -InfoDock is built atop the XEmacs variant of GNU Emacs and so has all of -the power of Emacs, but with an easier to use and more comprehensive -menu-based user interface. The bottom portion of this text describes -how it differs from XEmacs and GNU Emacs from the Free Software -Foundation. +＠node Q4.7.3, Q4.7.4, Q4.7.2, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.7.3: There are bugs in the gutter or widgets. -InfoDock is aimed at people who want a free, turn-key productivity -environment. Although InfoDock is customizable, it is not intended for -people who like basic versions of Emacs which need to be customized -extensively for local use; standard Emacs distributions are better for -such uses. InfoDock is for those people who want a complete, -pre-customized environment in one package, which they need not touch -more than once or twice a year to update to new revisions. +#### Write me. -InfoDock is pre-built for SPARC SunOS/Solaris systems, PA-RISC HP-UX, -and Intel Linux systems. It is intended for use on a color display, -although most features will work on monochrome monitors. Simply unpack -InfoDock according to the instructions in the ID-INSTALL file and you -are ready to run. +＠node Q4.7.4, , Q4.7.3, Display +＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.7.4: How can I customize the gutter or gutter tabs? -The InfoDock Manual is concise, yet sufficient as a user guide for users -who have never used an Emacs-type editor before. For users who are -already familiar with Emacs, it supplements the information in the GNU -Emacs Manual. +#### Write me. -InfoDock menus are much more extensive and more mature than standard -Emacs menus. Each menu offers a ＠samp{Manual} item which displays -documentation associated with the menu's functions. +＠node External Subsystems, Internet, Display, Top +＠unnumbered 5 Interfacing with the Operating System and External Devices -＠noindent -Four types of menubars are provided: -＠enumerate -＠item -An extensive menubar providing access to global InfoDock commands. -＠item -Mode-specific menubars tailored to the current major mode. -＠item -A simple menubar for basic editing to help novices get started with InfoDock. -＠item -The standard XEmacs menubar. -＠end enumerate +This is part 5 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This +section is devoted to the various ways that XEmacs interfaces with the +operating system, with other processes and with external devices such +as speakers and the printer. -Most modes also include mode-specific popup menus. Additionally, region and -rectangle popup menus are included. +＠menu +5.0: X Window System and Resources +* Q5.0.1:: Where is a list of X resources? +* Q5.0.2:: How can I detect a color display? +* Q5.0.3:: How can I get the icon to just say ＠samp{XEmacs}? +* Q5.0.4:: How can I have the window title area display the full path? +* Q5.0.5:: ＠samp{xemacs -name junk} doesn't work? +* Q5.0.6:: ＠samp{-iconic} doesn't work. + +5.1: Microsoft Windows +* Q5.1.1:: Does XEmacs rename all the ＠samp{win32-*} symbols to ＠samp{w32-*}? +* Q5.1.2:: How do I get Windows Explorer to associate a file type with XEmacs? + +5.2: Printing +* Q5.2.1:: What do I need to change to make printing work? +* Q5.2.2:: How can I print WYSIWYG a font-locked buffer? +* Q5.2.3:: Getting ＠kbd{M-x lpr} to work with postscript printer. +* Q5.2.4:: Can you print under MS Windows? + +5.3: Sound +* Q5.3.1:: How do I turn off the sound? +* Q5.3.2:: How do I get funky sounds instead of a boring beep? +* Q5.3.3:: What are NAS and ESD (EsounD)? +* Q5.3.4:: Sunsite sounds don't play. + +5.4: Running an Interior Shell, Invoking Subprocesses +* Q5.4.1:: What is an interior shell? +* Q5.4.2:: How do I start up a second shell buffer? +* Q5.4.3:: Telnet from shell filters too much +* Q5.4.4:: Strange things are happening in Shell Mode. +* Q5.4.5:: XEmacs complains "No such file or directory, diff" +* Q5.4.6:: Cygwin error "fork_copy: linked dll/bss pass 0 failed" + +5.5: Multiple Device Support +* Q5.5.1:: How do I open a frame on another screen of my multi-headed display? +* Q5.5.2:: Can I really connect to a running XEmacs after calling up over a modem? How? +* Q5.5.3:: How do I disable gnuserv from opening a new frame? +* Q5.5.4:: How do I start gnuserv so that each subsequent XEmacs is a client? +* Q5.5.5:: Is there a way to start a new XEmacs if there's no gnuserv running, and otherwise use gnuclient? +＠end menu -＠samp{Hyperbole}, the everyday information manager, is a core part of -InfoDock. This provides context-sensitive mouse keys, a rolodex-type -contact manager, programmable hypertext buttons, and an autonumbered -outliner with embedded hyperlink anchors. +＠unnumberedsec 5.0: X Window System and Resources -The ＠samp{OO-Browser}, a multi-language object-oriented code browser, is a -standard part of InfoDock. +＠node Q5.0.1, Q5.0.2, External Subsystems, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.1: Where is a list of X resources? -InfoDock saves a more extensive set of user options than other Emacs -versions. +Search through the ＠file{NEWS} file for ＠samp{X Resources}. A fairly +comprehensive list is given after it. -InfoDock inserts a useful file header in many file types, showing the -author, summary, and last modification time of each file. A summary -program can then be used to summarize all of the files in a directory, -for easy MANIFEST file creation. +In addition, an ＠file{app-defaults} file ＠file{etc/Emacs.ad} is +supplied, listing the defaults. The file ＠file{etc/sample.Xresources} +gives a different set of defaults that you might consider for +installation in your ＠file{~/.Xresources} file. It is nearly the same +as ＠file{etc/Emacs.ad}, but a few entries are altered. Be careful about +installing the contents of this file into your ＠file{.Xresources} (or +legacy ＠file{.Xdefaults}) file if you use GNU Emacs under X11 as well. -Your working set of buffers is automatically saved and restored (if you -answer yes to a prompt) between InfoDock sessions. +＠node Q5.0.2, Q5.0.3, Q5.0.1, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.2: How can I detect a color display? -Refined color choices for code highlighting are provided for both dark and -light background display frames. +You can test the return value of the function ＠code{(device-class)}, as +in: -The ＠kbd{C-z} key prefix performs frame-based commands which parallel the -＠kbd{C-x} key prefix for window-based commands. +＠lisp +(when (eq (device-class) 'color) + (set-face-foreground 'font-lock-comment-face "Grey") + (set-face-foreground 'font-lock-string-face "Red") + .... + ) +＠end lisp -The Smart Menu system is included for producing command menus on dumb -terminals. +＠node Q5.0.3, Q5.0.4, Q5.0.2, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.3: How can I get the icon to just say ＠samp{XEmacs}? -Lisp libraries are better categorized according to function. +I'd like the icon to just say ＠samp{XEmacs}, and not include the name of +the current file in it. -Extensions and improvements to many areas of Emacs are included, such as: -paragraph filling, mail reading with Rmail, shell handling, outlining, code -highlighting and browsing, and man page browsing. +Add the following line to your ＠file{init.el}: -InfoDock questions, answers and discussion should go to the mail list -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠email{infodock＠(a)infodock.com}. Use -＠email{infodock-request＠(a)infodock.com} to be added or removed from the -list. Always include your InfoDock version number when sending help -requests. +＠lisp +(setq frame-icon-title-format "XEmacs") +＠end lisp -InfoDock is available across the Internet via anonymous FTP. To get -it, first move to a directory into which you want the InfoDock archive -files placed. We will call this <DIST-DIR>. +＠node Q5.0.4, Q5.0.5, Q5.0.3, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.4: How can I have the window title area display the full path? -＠example - cd <DIST-DIR> -＠end example +I'd like to have the window title area display the full directory/name +of the current buffer file and not just the name. -Ftp to ftp.xemacs.org (Internet Host ID = 128.174.252.16): +Add the following line to your ＠file{init.el}: -＠example - prompt> ftp ftp.xemacs.org -＠end example +＠lisp +(setq frame-title-format "%S: %f") +＠end lisp -Login as ＠samp{anonymous} with your own <user-id>＠＠<site-name> as a password. +A more sophisticated title might be: -＠example - Name (ftp.xemacs.org): anonymous - 331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password. - Password: -<your-user-id>＠＠<your-domain> - 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply. -＠end example +＠lisp +(setq frame-title-format + '("%S: " (buffer-file-name "%f" + (dired-directory dired-directory "%b")))) +＠end lisp -Move to the location of the InfoDock archives: +That is, use the file name, or the dired-directory, or the buffer name. -＠example - ftp> cd pub/infodock -＠end example +＠node Q5.0.5, Q5.0.6, Q5.0.4, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.5: ＠samp{xemacs -name junk} doesn't work? -Set your transfer mode to binary: +When I run ＠samp{xterm -name junk}, I get an xterm whose class name +according to xprop, is ＠samp{junk}. This is the way it's supposed to +work, I think. When I run ＠samp{xemacs -name junk} the class name is +not set to ＠samp{junk}. It's still ＠samp{emacs}. What does +＠samp{xemacs -name} really do? The reason I ask is that my window +manager (fvwm) will make a window sticky and I use XEmacs to read my +mail. I want that XEmacs window to be sticky, without having to use the +window manager's function to set the window sticky. What gives? + +＠samp{xemacs -name} sets the application name for the program (that is, +the thing which normally comes from ＠samp{argv[0]}). Using ＠samp{-name} +is the same as making a copy of the executable with that new name. The +＠code{WM_CLASS} property on each frame is set to the frame-name, and the +application-class. So, if you did ＠samp{xemacs -name FOO} and then +created a frame named ＠var{BAR}, you'd get an X window with WM_CLASS = +＠code{( "BAR", "Emacs")}. However, the resource hierarchy for this +widget would be: ＠example - ftp> bin - 200 Type set to I. +Name: FOO .shell .container .BAR +Class: Emacs .TopLevelEmacsShell.EmacsManager.EmacsFrame ＠end example -Turn off prompting: +instead of the default ＠example - ftp> prompt - Interactive mode off. +Name: xemacs.shell .container .emacs +Class: Emacs .TopLevelEmacsShell.EmacsManager.EmacsFrame ＠end example -Retrieve the InfoDock archives that you want, either by using a -＠samp{get <file>} for each file you want or by using the following to -get a complete distribution, including all binaries: -＠example - ftp> mget ID-INSTALL - ftp> mget id-* -＠end example +It is arguable that the first element of WM_CLASS should be set to the +application-name instead of the frame-name, but I think that's less +flexible, since it does not give you the ability to have multiple frames +with different WM_CLASS properties. Another possibility would be for +the default frame name to come from the application name instead of +simply being ＠samp{emacs}. However, at this point, making that change +would be troublesome: it would mean that many users would have to make +yet another change to their resource files (since the default frame name +would suddenly change from ＠samp{emacs} to ＠samp{xemacs}, or whatever +the executable happened to be named), so we'd rather avoid it. -Close the FTP connection: +To make a frame with a particular name use: -＠example - ftp> quit - 221 Goodbye. -＠end example +＠lisp +(make-frame '((name . "the-name"))) +＠end lisp -Read the ＠file{ID-INSTALL} file which you just retrieved for -step-by-step installation instructions. +＠node Q5.0.6, Q5.1.1, Q5.0.5, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.6: ＠samp{-iconic} doesn't work. -＠node Q4.7.1, Q4.7.2, Q4.6.1, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsec 4.7: Other Unbundled Packages -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.7.1: What is AUC TeX? Where do you get it? +When I start up XEmacs using ＠samp{-iconic} it doesn't work right. +Using ＠samp{-unmapped} on the command line, and setting the +＠code{initiallyUnmapped} X Resource don't seem to help much either... -AUC TeX is a package written by ＠email{abraham＠(a)dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen}. -Starting with XEmacs 19.16, AUC TeX is bundled with XEmacs. The -following information is from the ＠file{README} and website. +＠email{ben＠(a)xemacs.org, Ben Wing} writes: -AUC TeX is an extensible package that supports writing and formatting -TeX files for most variants of GNU Emacs. Many different macro packages -are supported, including AMS TeX, LaTeX, and TeXinfo. +＠quotation +Ugh, this stuff is such an incredible mess that I've about given up +getting it to work. The principal problem is numerous window-manager +bugs... +＠end quotation -The most recent version is always available by ftp at -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠uref{ftp://sunsite.dk/packages/auctex/auctex.tar.gz}. +＠unnumberedsec 5.1: Microsoft Windows -In case you don't have access to anonymous ftp, you can get it by an -email request to ＠email{ftpmail＠(a)decwrl.dec.com}. +＠node Q5.1.1, Q5.1.2, Q5.0.6, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.1.1: Does XEmacs rename all the ＠samp{win32-*} symbols to ＠samp{w32-*}? -WWW users may want to check out the AUC TeX page at -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠uref{http://sunsite.dk/auctex/}. +In his flavor of Emacs 20, Richard Stallman has renamed all the ＠samp{win32-*} +symbols to ＠samp{w32-*}. Does XEmacs do the same? -＠node Q4.7.2, Q4.7.3, Q4.7.1, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.7.2: Are there any Emacs Lisp Spreadsheets? +We consider such a move counter-productive, thus we do not use the +＠samp{w32} prefix. (His rather questionable justification was that he +did not consider Windows to be a "winning" platform.) However, the name +＠samp{Win32} is not particularly descriptive outside the Windows world, +and using just ＠samp{windows-} would be too generic. So we chose a +compromise, the prefix ＠samp{mswindows-} for Windows-related variables +and functions. -Yes. Check out ＠dfn{dismal} (which stands for Dis' Mode Ain't Lotus) at -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠uref{ftp://cs.nyu.edu/pub/local/fox/dismal/}. +Thus all the XEmacs variables and functions directly related to either +the Windows GUI or OS are prefixed ＠samp{mswindows-} (except for a +couple of debugging variables, prefixed ＠samp{debug-mswindows-}). From +an architectural perspective, however, we believe that this is mostly a +non-issue because there should be a very small number of +window-systems-specific variables anyway. Whenever possible, we try to +provide generic interfaces that apply to all window systems. -＠node Q4.7.3, Q4.7.4, Q4.7.2, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.7.3: [This question intentionally left blank] +＠c not true: +＠c The user variables +＠c that share functionality with existing NT Emacs variables are be named +＠c with our convention, but we provide the GNU Emacs names as +＠c compatibility aliases. -＠node Q4.7.4, Q4.7.5, Q4.7.3, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.7.4: Problems installing AUC TeX. +＠node Q5.1.2, Q5.2.1, Q5.1.1, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.1.2: How do I get Windows Explorer to associate a file type with XEmacs? -＠email{vroonhof＠(a)math.ethz.ch, Jan Vroonhof} writes: +＠unnumberedsubsubsec Associating a new file type with XEmacs. -＠quotation -AUC TeX works fine on both stock Emacs and XEmacs has been doing so for -a very very long time. This is mostly due to the work of -＠email{abraham＠(a)dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen} (clap clap) in particular his ＠file{easymenu} -package. Which leads to what is probably the problem... -＠end quotation +In Explorer select ＠samp{View->Options->File Types}, press ＠samp{[New +Type...]} and fill in the dialog box, e.g.: -Most problems with AUC TeX are one of two things: +＠example + Description of type: Emacs Lisp source + Associated extension: el + Content Type (MIME): text/plain +＠end example -＠itemize ＠bullet -＠item -The TeX-lisp-directory in ＠file{tex-site.el} and the makefile don't -match. +then press ＠samp{[New...]} and fill in the ＠samp{Action} dialog box as +follows: -Fix: make sure you configure AUC TeX properly ＠strong{before} installing. +＠example + Action: + Open -＠item -You have an old version of easymenu.el in your path. + Application used to perform action: + D:\Full\path\for\xemacs.exe "%1" -Fix: use ＠code{locate-library} and remove old versions to make sure it -＠strong{only} finds the one that came with XEmacs. -＠end itemize + [x] Use DDE + DDE Message: + open("%1") -＠node Q4.7.5, Q4.7.6, Q4.7.4, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.7.5: Is there a reason for an Emacs package not to be included in XEmacs? + Application: + <leave blank> -The reason for an Emacs package not to be included in XEmacs is -usually one or more of the following: + DDE Application Not Running: + <leave blank> -＠enumerate -＠item -The package has not been ported to XEmacs. This will typically happen -when it uses GNU-Emacs-specific features, which make it fail under -XEmacs. + Topic: + <leave blank> +＠end example -Porting a package to XEmacs can range from a trivial amount of change to -a partial or full rewrite. Fortunately, the authors of modern packages -usually choose to support both Emacsen themselves. +＠unnumberedsubsubsec Associating an existing file type with XEmacs. -＠item -The package has been decided not to be appropriate for XEmacs. It may -have an equivalent or better replacement within XEmacs, in which case -the developers may choose not to burden themselves with supporting an -additional package. +In Explorer select ＠samp{View->Options->File Types}. Click on the file +type in the list and press ＠samp{[Edit...]}. If the file type already +has an ＠samp{Open} action, double click on it and fill in the +＠samp{Action} dialog box as described above; otherwise create a new +action. -Each package bundled with XEmacs means more work for the maintainers, -whether they want it or not. If you are ready to take over the -maintenance responsibilities for the package you port, be sure to say -so---we will more likely include it. +If the file type has more than one action listed, you probably want to +make the ＠samp{Open} action that you just edited the default by clicking on +it and pressing ＠samp{Set Default}. -＠item -The package simply hasn't been noted by the XEmacs development. If -that's the case, the messages like yours are very useful for attracting -our attention. +Note for Windows 2000 users: Under Windows 2000, get to ＠samp{File Types} +using ＠samp{Control Panel->Folder Options->File Types}. -＠item -The package was noted by the developers, but they simply haven't yet -gotten around to including/porting it. Wait for the next release or, -even better, offer your help. It will be gladly accepted and -appreciated. -＠end enumerate +＠unnumberedsec 5.2: Printing -＠node Q4.7.6, Q4.7.7, Q4.7.5, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.7.5: Is there a MatLab mode? +＠node Q5.2.1, Q5.2.2, Q5.1.2, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.2.1: What do I need to change to make printing work? -Yes, a matlab mode and other items are available at the -＠uref{ftp://ftp.mathworks.com/pub/contrib/emacs_add_ons, -MathWorks' emacs_add_ons ftp directory}. +For regular printing there are two variables that can be customized. -＠node Q4.7.7, , Q4.7.6, Subsystems -＠unnumberedsubsec Q4.7.7: Can I edit files on other hosts? +＠table ＠code +＠item lpr-command +This should be set to a command that takes standard input and sends +it to a printer. Something like: -Yes. Of course XEmacs can use any network file system (such as NFS or -Windows file sharing) you have available, and includes some -optimizations and safety features appropriate to those environments. +＠lisp +(setq lpr-command "lp") +＠end lisp -It is also possible to transparently edit files via FTP, ssh, or rsh. That -is, XEmacs makes a local copy using the transport in the background, and -automatically refreshes the remote original from that copy when you save -it. XEmacs also is capable of doing file system manipulations like -creating and removing directories and files. The FTP interface is -provided by the standard ＠samp{efs} package ＠ref{Top, EFS, , efs}. The -ssh/rsh interface is provided by the optional ＠samp{tramp} package -＠ref{Top, TRAMP, , tramp}. +＠item lpr-switches +This should be set to a list that contains whatever the print command +requires to do its job. Something like: -＠node Miscellaneous, MS Windows, Subsystems, Top -＠unnumbered 5 The Miscellaneous Stuff +＠lisp +(setq lpr-switches '("-depson")) +＠end lisp +＠end table -This is part 5 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This -section is devoted to anything that doesn't fit neatly into the other -sections. +For postscript printing there are three analogous variables to +customize. -＠menu -Major & Minor Modes: -* Q5.0.1:: How can I do source code highlighting using font-lock? -* Q5.0.2:: I do not like cc-mode. How do I use the old c-mode? -* Q5.0.3:: How do I get ＠samp{More} Syntax Highlighting on by default? -* Q5.0.4:: How can I enable auto-indent and/or Filladapt? -* Q5.0.5:: How can I get XEmacs to come up in text/auto-fill mode by default? -* Q5.0.6:: How do I start up a second shell buffer? -* Q5.0.7:: Telnet from shell filters too much. -* Q5.0.8:: Why does edt emulation not work? -* Q5.0.9:: How can I emulate VI and use it as my default mode? -* Q5.0.10:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q5.0.11:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q5.0.12:: How do I disable gnuserv from opening a new frame? -* Q5.0.13:: How do I start gnuserv so that each subsequent XEmacs is a client? -* Q5.0.14:: Strange things are happening in Shell Mode. -* Q5.0.15:: Where do I get the latest CC Mode? -* Q5.0.16:: I find auto-show-mode disconcerting. How do I turn it off? -* Q5.0.17:: How can I get two instances of info? -* Q5.0.18:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q5.0.19:: Is there something better than LaTeX mode? -* Q5.0.20:: Is there a way to start a new XEmacs if there's no gnuserv running, and otherwise use gnuclient? - -Emacs Lisp Programming Techniques: -* Q5.1.1:: The difference in key sequences between XEmacs and GNU Emacs? -* Q5.1.2:: Can I generate "fake" keyboard events? -* Q5.1.3:: Could you explain ＠code{read-kbd-macro} in more detail? -* Q5.1.4:: What is the performance hit of ＠code{let}? -* Q5.1.5:: What is the recommended use of ＠code{setq}? -* Q5.1.6:: What is the typical misuse of ＠code{setq}? -* Q5.1.7:: I like the ＠code{do} form of cl, does it slow things down? -* Q5.1.8:: I like recursion, does it slow things down? -* Q5.1.9:: How do I put a glyph as annotation in a buffer? -* Q5.1.10:: ＠code{map-extents} won't traverse all of my extents! -* Q5.1.11:: My elisp program is horribly slow. Is there an easy way to find out where it spends time? - -Sound: -* Q5.2.1:: How do I turn off the sound? -* Q5.2.2:: How do I get funky sounds instead of a boring beep? -* Q5.2.3:: What's NAS, how do I get it? -* Q5.2.4:: Sunsite sounds don't play. - -Miscellaneous: -* Q5.3.1:: How do you make XEmacs indent CL if-clauses correctly? -* Q5.3.2:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q5.3.3:: How can I print WYSIWYG a font-locked buffer? -* Q5.3.4:: Getting ＠kbd{M-x lpr} to work with postscript printer. -* Q5.3.5:: How do I specify the paths that XEmacs uses for finding files? -* Q5.3.6:: [This question intentionally left blank] -* Q5.3.7:: Can I have the end of the buffer delimited in some way? -* Q5.3.8:: How do I insert today's date into a buffer? -* Q5.3.9:: Are only certain syntactic character classes available for abbrevs? -* Q5.3.10:: How can I get those oh-so-neat X-Face lines? -* Q5.3.11:: How do I add new Info directories? -* Q5.3.12:: What do I need to change to make printing work? -＠end menu +＠table ＠code +＠item ps-lpr-command +This should be set to a command that takes postscript on standard input +and directs it to a postscript printer. -＠node Q5.0.1, Q5.0.2, Miscellaneous, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsec 5.0: Major & Minor Modes -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.1: How can I do source code highlighting using font-lock? +＠item ps-lpr-switches +This should be set to a list of switches required for +＠code{ps-lpr-command} to do its job. -For most modes, font-lock is already set up and just needs to be turned -on. This can be done by adding the line: +＠item ps-print-color-p +This boolean variable should be set ＠code{t} if printing will be done in +color, otherwise it should be set to ＠code{nil}. +＠end table -＠lisp -(require 'font-lock) -＠end lisp +NOTE: It is an undocumented limitation in XEmacs that postscript +printing (the ＠code{Pretty Print Buffer} menu item) ＠strong{requires} a +window system environment. It cannot be used outside of X11. -to your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}. (You can turn it on for the -current buffer and session only by ＠kbd{M-x font-lock-mode}.) See the -file ＠file{etc/sample.init.el} (＠file{etc/sample.emacs} in XEmacs -versions prior to 21.4) for more information. +＠node Q5.2.2, Q5.2.3, Q5.2.1, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.2.2: How can I print WYSIWYG a font-locked buffer? -＠c the old way: -＠c (add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) -＠c (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) +Font-lock looks nice. How can I print (WYSIWYG) the highlighted +document? -See also ＠code{Syntax Highlighting} from the ＠code{Options} menu. -Remember to save options. +The package ＠code{ps-print}, which is now included with XEmacs, provides +the ability to do this. The source code contains complete instructions +on its use, in +(a)file{$prefix/lib/xemacs/xemacs-packages/lisp/ps-print/ps-print.el}, +being the default location of an installed ps-print package. -＠node Q5.0.2, Q5.0.3, Q5.0.1, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.2: I do not like cc-mode. How do I use the old c-mode? +＠node Q5.2.3, Q5.2.4, Q5.2.2, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.2.3: Getting ＠kbd{M-x lpr} to work with postscript printer. -Well, first off, consider if you really want to do this. cc-mode is -much more powerful than the old c-mode. If you're having trouble -getting your old offsets to work, try using ＠code{c-set-offset} instead. -You might also consider using the package ＠code{cc-compat}. +My printer is a Postscript printer and ＠code{lpr} only works for +Postscript files, so how do I get ＠kbd{M-x lpr-region} and ＠kbd{M-x +lpr-buffer} to work? -But, if you still insist, add the following lines to your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +Put something like this in your ＠file{init.el}: ＠lisp -(fmakunbound 'c-mode) -(makunbound 'c-mode-map) -(fmakunbound 'c++-mode) -(makunbound 'c++-mode-map) -(makunbound 'c-style-alist) -(load-library "old-c-mode") -(load-library "old-c++-mode") +(setq lpr-command "a2ps") +(setq lpr-switches '("-p" "-1")) ＠end lisp -This must be done before any other reference is made to either c-mode or -c++-mode. +If you don't use a2ps to convert ASCII to postscript (why not, it's +free?), replace with the command you do use. Note also that some +versions of a2ps require a ＠samp{-Pprinter} to ensure spooling. -＠node Q5.0.3, Q5.0.4, Q5.0.2, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.3: How do I get ＠samp{More} Syntax Highlighting on by default? +＠node Q5.2.4, Q5.3.1, Q5.2.3, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.2.4: Can you print under MS Windows? -Use the following code in your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +As of 21.4, printing works on Windows, using simply +＠samp{File->Print BUFFER...}, and can be configured with +＠samp{File->Page Setup...}. -＠lisp -(setq-default font-lock-maximum-decoration t) -＠end lisp +Prior to 21.4, there is no built-in support, but there are some clever +hacks out there. If you know how, please let us know and we'll put it +here. -＠c In versions of XEmacs prior to 19.14, you had to use a kludgy solution -＠c like this: -＠c -＠c ＠lisp -＠c (setq c-font-lock-keywords c-font-lock-keywords-2 -＠c c++-font-lock-keywords c++-font-lock-keywords-2 -＠c lisp-font-lock-keywords lisp-font-lock-keywords-2) -＠c ＠end lisp -＠c -＠c It will work for C, C++ and Lisp. -＠c -See also ＠code{Syntax Highlighting} from the ＠code{Options} menu. -Remember to save options. +＠unnumberedsec 5.3: Sound -＠node Q5.0.4, Q5.0.5, Q5.0.3, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.4: How can I enable auto-indent and/or Filladapt? +＠node Q5.3.1, Q5.3.2, Q5.2.4, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.1: How do I turn off the sound? -Put the following line in your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +Add the following line to your ＠file{init.el}: ＠lisp -(setq indent-line-function 'indent-relative-maybe) +(setq bell-volume 0) +(setq sound-alist nil) ＠end lisp -If you want to get fancy, try the ＠code{filladapt} package available -standard with XEmacs. Put this into your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +That will make your XEmacs totally silent---even the default ding sound +(TTY beep on TTY-s) will be gone. -＠lisp -(require 'filladapt) -(setq-default filladapt-mode t) -(add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-off-filladapt-mode) -＠end lisp +You can also change these with Customize. Select from the +＠code{Options} menu ＠code{Advanced +(Customize)->Emacs->Environment->Sound->Sound...} or type ＠kbd{M-x +customize ＠key{RET} sound ＠key{RET}}. -This will enable Filladapt for all modes except C mode, where it doesn't -work well. To turn Filladapt on only in particular major modes, remove -the ＠code{(setq-default ...)} line and use -＠code{turn-on-filladapt-mode}, like this: + +＠node Q5.3.2, Q5.3.3, Q5.3.1, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.2: How do I get funky sounds instead of a boring beep? + +Make sure your XEmacs was compiled with sound support, and then put this +in your ＠file{init.el}: ＠lisp -(add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-filladapt-mode) +(load-default-sounds) ＠end lisp -You can customize filling and adaptive filling with Customize. -Select from the ＠code{Options} menu -＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Editing->Fill->Fill...} -or type ＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} fill ＠key{RET}}. +＠node Q5.3.3, Q5.3.4, Q5.3.2, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.3: What are NAS and ESD (EsounD)? -Note that well-behaving text-lookalike modes will run -＠code{text-mode-hook} by default (e.g. that's what Message does). For -the nasty ones, you'll have to provide the ＠code{add-hook}s yourself. +＠dfn{Network Audio System} (NAS) is a client-server sound library for X. -Please note that the ＠code{fa-extras} package is no longer useful. +＠uref{http://radscan.com/nas.html}. -＠node Q5.0.5, Q5.0.6, Q5.0.4, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.5: How can I get XEmacs to come up in text/auto-fill mode by default? +To build XEmacs with it, use the ＠file{configure} flag +＠samp{--with-sound=nas} (＠samp{--enable-sound=nas} in 21.5 or later). -Try the following lisp in your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +＠dfn{Enlightened Sound Daemon} (ESD or EsounD) is yet another sound system. -＠lisp -(setq default-major-mode 'text-mode) -(setq text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) -＠end lisp +＠uref{http://www.tux.org/~ricdude/EsounD.html}. -＠strong{WARNING}: note that changing the value of -＠code{default-major-mode} from ＠code{fundamental-mode} can break a large -amount of built-in code that expects newly created buffers to be in -＠code{fundamental-mode}. (Changing from ＠code{fundamental-mode} to -＠code{text-mode} might not wreak too much havoc, but changing to -something more exotic like a lisp-mode would break many Emacs packages). +To build XEmacs with it, use the ＠file{configure} flag +＠samp{--with-sound=esd} (＠samp{--enable-sound=esd} in 21.5 or later). -Note that Emacs by default starts up in buffer ＠code{*scratch*} in -＠code{initial-major-mode}, which defaults to -＠code{lisp-interaction-mode}. Thus adding the following form to your -Emacs init file will cause the initial ＠code{*scratch*} buffer to be put -into auto-fill'ed ＠code{text-mode}: +You can specify support for both with a flag like +＠samp{--with-sound=nas,esd} (＠samp{--enable-sound=nas,esd} in 21.5 or +later). -＠lisp -(setq initial-major-mode - (lambda () - (text-mode) - (turn-on-auto-fill))) -＠end lisp +＠node Q5.3.4, Q5.4.1, Q5.3.3, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.4: Sunsite sounds don't play. -Note that after your init file is loaded, if -＠code{inhibit-startup-message} is ＠code{nil} (the default) and the -startup buffer is ＠code{*scratch*} then the startup message will be -inserted into ＠code{*scratch*}; it will be removed after a timeout by -erasing the entire ＠code{*scratch*} buffer. Keep in mind this default -usage of ＠code{*scratch*} if you desire any prior manipulation of -＠code{*scratch*} from within your Emacs init file. In particular, -anything you insert into ＠code{*scratch*} from your init file will be -later erased. Also, if you change the mode of the ＠code{*scratch*} -buffer, be sure that this will not interfere with possible later -insertion of the startup message (e.g. if you put ＠code{*scratch*} into -a nonstandard mode that has automatic font lock rules, then the startup -message might get fontified in a strange foreign manner, e.g. as code in -some programming language). +I'm having some trouble with sounds I've downloaded from sunsite. They +play when I run them through ＠code{showaudio} or cat them directly to +＠file{/dev/audio}, but XEmacs refuses to play them. + +＠email{gutschk＠(a)uni-muenster.de, Markus Gutschke} writes: + +＠quotation +[Many of] These files have an (erroneous) 24byte header that tells about +the format that they have been recorded in. If you cat them to +＠file{/dev/audio}, the header will be ignored and the default behavior +for /dev/audio will be used. This happens to be 8kHz uLaw. It is +probably possible to fix the header by piping through ＠code{sox} and +passing explicit parameters for specifying the sampling format; you then +need to perform a 'null' conversion from SunAudio to SunAudio. +＠end quotation + +＠unnumberedsec 5.4: Running an Interior Shell, Invoking Subprocesses -＠node Q5.0.6, Q5.0.7, Q5.0.5, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.6: How do I start up a second shell buffer? +＠node Q5.4.1, Q5.4.2, Q5.3.4, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.4.1: What is an interior shell? +#### Write me. + +＠node Q5.4.2, Q5.4.3, Q5.4.1, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.4.2: How do I start up a second shell buffer? + In the ＠code{*shell*} buffer: ＠lisp ＠＠ -5225,66 +6526,110 ＠＠ If the value of this variable is non-nil, each time shell mode is invoked, a new shell is made -＠node Q5.0.7, Q5.0.8, Q5.0.6, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.7: Telnet from shell filters too much +＠node Q5.4.3, Q5.4.4, Q5.4.2, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.4.3: Telnet from shell filters too much I'm using the Emacs ＠kbd{M-x shell} function, and I would like to invoke and use a telnet session within it. Everything works fine except that now all ＠samp{^M}'s are filtered out by Emacs. Fixes? Use ＠kbd{M-x rsh} or ＠kbd{M-x telnet} to open remote sessions rather -than doing rsh or telnet within the local shell buffer. Starting with -XEmacs-20.3 you can also use ＠kbd{M-x ssh} to open secure remote session -if you have ＠code{ssh} installed. +than doing rsh or telnet within the local shell buffer. You can also +use ＠kbd{M-x ssh} to open secure remote session if you have ＠code{ssh} +installed. -＠node Q5.0.8, Q5.0.9, Q5.0.7, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.8: Why does edt emulation not work? +＠node Q5.4.4, Q5.4.5, Q5.4.3, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.4.4: Strange things are happening in Shell Mode. -We don't know, but you can use tpu-edt emulation instead, which works -fine and is a little fancier than the standard edt emulation. To do -this, add the following line to your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +Sometimes (i.e. it's not repeatable, and I can't work out why it +happens) when I'm typing into shell mode, I hit return and only a +portion of the command is given to the shell, and a blank prompt is +returned. If I hit return again, the rest of the previous command is +given to the shell. -＠lisp -(tpu-edt) -＠end lisp +＠email{martin＠(a)xemacs.org, Martin Buchholz} writes: -If you don't want it to replace ＠kbd{C-h} with an edt-style help menu -add this as well: +＠quotation +There is a known problem with interaction between ＠code{csh} and the +＠code{filec} option and XEmacs. You should add the following to your +(a)file{.cshrc}: -＠lisp -(global-set-key [(control h)] 'help-for-help) -＠end lisp +＠example +if ( "$TERM" == emacs || "$TERM" == unknown ) unset filec +＠end example +＠end quotation -＠node Q5.0.9, Q5.0.10, Q5.0.8, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.9: How can I emulate VI and use it as my default mode? +＠node Q5.4.5, Q5.4.6, Q5.4.4, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.4.5: XEmacs complains "No such file or directory, diff" -Our recommended VI emulator is viper. To make viper-mode the default, -add this to your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +or "ispell" or other commands that seem related to whatever you just +tried to do (M-x ediff or M-$, for example). -＠lisp -(viper-mode) -＠end lisp +There are a large number of common (in the sense that "everyone has +these, they really do") Unix utilities that are not provided with +XEmacs. The GNU Project's implementations are available for Windows in +the the Cygwin distribution (＠uref{http://www.cygwin.com/}), which also +provides a complete Unix emulation environment (and thus makes ports of +Unix utilities nearly trivial). Another implementation is that from +MinGW (＠uref{http://www.mingw.org/msys.shtml}). If you know of others, +please let us know! -＠email{kifer＠(a)CS.SunySB.EDU, Michael Kifer} writes: +＠node Q5.4.6, Q5.5.1, Q5.4.5, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.4.6: Cygwin error "fork_copy: linked dll/bss pass 0 failed" -＠quotation -This should be added as close to the top of ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} as you can get -it, otherwise some minor modes may not get viper-ized. -＠end quotation +If you are getting an error like + +＠example +17797832 [main] bash 3468 fork_copy: linked dll/bss pass 0 failed, +0x675000..0x6756A0, done 0, windows pid 2708, Win 32 error 487 +bash: fork: resource temporarily unavailable +＠end example + +when trying to run bash using ＠kbd{M-x shell}, then you need to rebase +your Cygwin DLL's. This is a known problem with Cygwin. To fix: -＠node Q5.0.10, Q5.0.11, Q5.0.9, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.10: [This question intentionally left blank] +＠enumerate +＠item +Download the ＠file{rebase} utility from Cygwin setup (it's under +＠samp{System}). +＠item +Kill ＠strong{all} of your Cygwin processes, including all of your +shells and all background processes. Use ＠code{ps -a} to list all the +processes you need to kill. +＠item +From a DOS prompt, run ＠file{ash} (＠strong{not} ＠file{bash}, +＠file{tcsh} or ＠file{zsh}). Do not try to be clever and ＠code{exec +/bin/ash} from your last shell; it won't work. +＠item +Type ＠code{/bin/rebaseall -v}. +＠end enumerate + +The problem should now be fixed -- at least, until you install another +Cygwin package with DLL's, in which case you may have to repeat the +procedure. + +＠unnumberedsec 5.5: Multiple Device Support + +＠node Q5.5.1, Q5.5.2, Q5.4.6, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.5.1: How do I open a frame on another screen of my multi-headed display? -Obsolete question, left blank to avoid renumbering +Use the command ＠kbd{M-x make-frame-on-display}. This command is also +on the File menu in the menubar. + +The command ＠code{make-frame-on-tty} also exists, which will establish a +connection to any tty-like device. Opening the TTY devices should be +left to ＠code{gnuclient}, though. -＠node Q5.0.11, Q5.0.12, Q5.0.10, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.11: [This question intentionally left blank] +＠node Q5.5.2, Q5.5.3, Q5.5.1, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.5.2: Can I really connect to a running XEmacs after calling up over a modem? How? -Obsolete question, left blank to avoid renumbering +Yes. Use ＠code{gnuclient -nw}. -＠node Q5.0.12, Q5.0.13, Q5.0.11, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.12: How do I disable gnuserv from opening a new frame? +Also see ＠ref{Q5.5.3, How do I disable gnuserv from opening a new frame?}. +＠node Q5.5.3, Q5.5.4, Q5.5.2, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.5.3: How do I disable gnuserv from opening a new frame? + If you set the ＠code{gnuserv-frame} variable to the frame that should be used to display buffers that are pulled up, a new frame will not be created. For example, you could put ＠＠ -5293,22 +6638,22 ＠＠ (setq gnuserv-frame (selected-frame)) ＠end lisp -early on in your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}, to ensure that the first frame created +early on in your ＠file{init.el}, to ensure that the first frame created is the one used for your gnuserv buffers. There is an option to set the gnuserv target to the current frame. See ＠code{Options->Display->"Other Window" Location->Make Current Frame Gnuserv Target} -Starting with XEmacs-20.3 you can also change this with Customize. -Select from the ＠code{Options} menu -＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Environment->Gnuserv->Gnuserv Frame...} -or type ＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} gnuserv ＠key{RET}}. +You can also change this with Customize. Select from the +＠code{Options} menu ＠code{Advanced +(Customize)->Emacs->Environment->Gnuserv->Gnuserv Frame...} or type +＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} gnuserv ＠key{RET}}. -＠node Q5.0.13, Q5.0.14, Q5.0.12, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.13: How do I start gnuserv so that each subsequent XEmacs is a client? +＠node Q5.5.4, Q5.5.5, Q5.5.3, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.5.4: How do I start gnuserv so that each subsequent XEmacs is a client? -Put the following in your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} file to start the server: +Put the following in your ＠file{init.el} file to start the server: ＠lisp (gnuserv-start) ＠＠ -5327,71 +6672,9 ＠＠ See also man page of gnuclient. -＠node Q5.0.14, Q5.0.15, Q5.0.13, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.14: Strange things are happening in Shell Mode. +＠node Q5.5.5, , Q5.5.4, External Subsystems +＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.5.5: Is there a way to start a new XEmacs if there's no gnuserv running, and otherwise use gnuclient? -Sometimes (i.e. it's not repeatable, and I can't work out why it -happens) when I'm typing into shell mode, I hit return and only a -portion of the command is given to the shell, and a blank prompt is -returned. If I hit return again, the rest of the previous command is -given to the shell. - -＠email{martin＠(a)xemacs.org, Martin Buchholz} writes: - -＠quotation -There is a known problem with interaction between ＠code{csh} and the -＠code{filec} option and XEmacs. You should add the following to your -(a)file{.cshrc}: - -＠example -if ( "$TERM" == emacs || "$TERM" == unknown ) unset filec -＠end example -＠end quotation - -＠node Q5.0.15, Q5.0.16, Q5.0.14, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.15: Where do I get the latest CC Mode? - -＠email{bwarsaw＠(a)cnri.reston.va.us, Barry A. Warsaw} writes: - -＠quotation -This can be had from ＠uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/}. -＠end quotation - -＠node Q5.0.16, Q5.0.17, Q5.0.15, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.16: I find auto-show-mode disconcerting. How do I turn it off? - -＠code{auto-show-mode} controls whether or not a horizontal scrollbar -magically appears when a line is too long to be displayed. This is -enabled by default. To turn it off, put the following in your -＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: - -＠lisp -(setq auto-show-mode nil) -(setq-default auto-show-mode nil) -＠end lisp - -＠node Q5.0.17, Q5.0.18, Q5.0.16, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.17: How can I get two instances of info? - -Before 21.4, you can't. The ＠code{info} package does not provide for -multiple info buffers. In 21.4, this should be fixed. #### how? - -＠node Q5.0.18, Q5.0.19, Q5.0.17, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.18: [This question intentionally left blank] - -＠node Q5.0.19, Q5.0.20, Q5.0.18, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.19: Is there something better than LaTeX mode? - -＠email{dak＠(a)fsnif.neuroinformatik.ruhr-uni-bochum.de, David Kastrup} writes: - -＠quotation -The standard TeX modes leave much to be desired, and are somewhat -leniently maintained. Serious TeX users use AUC TeX (＠pxref{Q4.7.1}). -＠end quotation - -＠node Q5.0.20, Q5.1.1, Q5.0.19, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.0.20: Is there a way to start a new XEmacs if there's no gnuserv running, and otherwise use gnuclient? - ＠email{vroonhof＠(a)math.ethz.ch, Jan Vroonhof} writes: ＠quotation Here is one of the solutions, we have this in a script called ＠＠ -5406,1528 +6689,1547 ＠＠ until gnuclient -batch -eval t >/dev/null 2>&1 do sleep 1 - done - exec gnuclient $＠{1+"$＠＠"＠} - fi -＠end example - -Note that there is a known problem when running XEmacs and 'gnuclient --nw' on the same TTY. -＠end quotation - -＠node Q5.1.1, Q5.1.2, Q5.0.20, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsec 5.1: Emacs Lisp Programming Techniques -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.1.1: What is the difference in key sequences between XEmacs and GNU Emacs? - -＠email{clerik＠(a)naggum.no, Erik Naggum} writes; - -＠quotation -Emacs has a legacy of keyboards that produced characters with modifier -bits, and therefore map a variety of input systems into this scheme even -today. XEmacs is instead optimized for X events. This causes an -incompatibility in the way key sequences are specified, but both Emacs -and XEmacs will accept a key sequence as a vector of lists of modifiers -that ends with a key, e.g., to bind ＠kbd{M-C-a}, you would say -＠code{[(meta control a)]} in both Emacsen. XEmacs has an abbreviated -form for a single key, just (meta control a). Emacs has an abbreviated -form for the Control and the Meta modifiers to string-characters (the -ASCII characters), as in ＠samp{\M-\C-a}. XEmacs users need to be aware -that the abbreviated form works only for one-character key sequences, -while Emacs users need to be aware that the string-character is rather -limited. Specifically, the string-character can accommodate only 256 -different values, 128 of which have the Meta modifier and 128 of which -have not. In each of these blocks, only 32 characters have the Control -modifier. Whereas ＠code{[(meta control A)]} differs from ＠code{[(meta -control a)]} because the case differs, ＠samp{\M-\C-a} and ＠samp{\M-\C-A} -do not. Programmers are advised to use the full common form, both -because it is more readable and less error-prone, and because it is -supported by both Emacsen. -＠end quotation - -Another (even safer) way to be sure of the key-sequences is to use the -＠code{read-kbd-macro} function, which takes a string like ＠samp{C-c -<up>}, and converts it to the internal key representation of the Emacs -you use. The function is available both on XEmacs and GNU Emacs. - -＠node Q5.1.2, Q5.1.3, Q5.1.1, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.1.2: Can I generate "fake" keyboard events? - -I wonder if there is an interactive function that can generate -＠dfn{fake} keyboard events. This way, I could simply map them inside -XEmacs. - -This seems to work: - -＠lisp -(defun cg--generate-char-event (ch) - "Generate an event, as if ch has been typed" - (dispatch-event (character-to-event ch))) - -;; Backspace and Delete stuff -(global-set-key [backspace] - (lambda () (interactive) (cg--generate-char-event 127))) -(global-set-key [unknown_keysym_0x4] - (lambda () (interactive) (cg--generate-char-event 4))) -＠end lisp - -＠node Q5.1.3, Q5.1.4, Q5.1.2, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.1.3: Could you explain ＠code{read-kbd-macro} in more detail? - -The ＠code{read-kbd-macro} function returns the internal Emacs -representation of a human-readable string (which is its argument). -Thus: - -＠lisp -(read-kbd-macro "C-c C-a") -＠result{} [(control ?c) (control ?a)] - -(read-kbd-macro "C-c C-. <up>") -＠result{} [(control ?c) (control ?.) up] -＠end lisp - -In GNU Emacs the same forms will be evaluated to what GNU Emacs -understands internally---the sequences ＠code{"\C-x\C-c"} and ＠code{[3 -67108910 up]}, respectively. - -The exact ＠dfn{human-readable} syntax is defined in the docstring of -＠code{edmacro-mode}. I'll repeat it here, for completeness. - -＠quotation -Format of keyboard macros during editing: - -Text is divided into ＠dfn{words} separated by whitespace. Except for -the words described below, the characters of each word go directly as -characters of the macro. The whitespace that separates words is -ignored. Whitespace in the macro must be written explicitly, as in -＠kbd{foo ＠key{SPC} bar ＠key{RET}}. - -＠itemize ＠bullet -＠item -The special words ＠kbd{RET}, ＠kbd{SPC}, ＠kbd{TAB}, ＠kbd{DEL}, ＠kbd{LFD}, -＠kbd{ESC}, and ＠kbd{NUL} represent special control characters. The -words must be written in uppercase. - -＠item -A word in angle brackets, e.g., ＠code{<return>}, ＠code{<down>}, or -＠code{<f1>}, represents a function key. (Note that in the standard -configuration, the function key ＠code{<return>} and the control key -＠key{RET} are synonymous.) You can use angle brackets on the words -＠key{RET}, ＠key{SPC}, etc., but they are not required there. - -＠item -Keys can be written by their ＠sc{ascii} code, using a backslash followed -by up to six octal digits. This is the only way to represent keys with -codes above \377. - -＠item -One or more prefixes ＠kbd{M-} (meta), ＠kbd{C-} (control), ＠kbd{S-} -(shift), ＠kbd{A-} (alt), ＠kbd{H-} (hyper), and ＠kbd{s-} (super) may -precede a character or key notation. For function keys, the prefixes -may go inside or outside of the brackets: ＠code{C-<down>} ＠equiv{} -＠code{<C-down>}. The prefixes may be written in any order: ＠kbd{M-C-x} -＠equiv{} ＠kbd{C-M-x}. - -Prefixes are not allowed on multi-key words, e.g., ＠kbd{C-abc}, except -that the Meta prefix is allowed on a sequence of digits and optional -minus sign: ＠kbd{M--123} ＠equiv{} ＠kbd{M-- M-1 M-2 M-3}. - -＠item -The ＠code{^} notation for control characters also works: ＠kbd{^M} -＠equiv{} ＠kbd{C-m}. - -＠item -Double angle brackets enclose command names: ＠code{<<next-line>>} is -shorthand for ＠kbd{M-x next-line ＠key{RET}}. - -＠item -Finally, ＠code{REM} or ＠code{;;} causes the rest of the line to be -ignored as a comment. -＠end itemize - -Any word may be prefixed by a multiplier in the form of a decimal number -and ＠code{*}: ＠code{3*<right>} ＠equiv{} ＠code{<right> <right> <right>}, -and ＠code{10*foo} ＠equiv{} -＠iftex -＠* -＠end iftex -＠code{foofoofoofoofoofoofoofoofoofoo}. - -Multiple text keys can normally be strung together to form a word, but -you may need to add whitespace if the word would look like one of the -above notations: ＠code{; ; ;} is a keyboard macro with three semicolons, -but ＠code{;;;} is a comment. Likewise, ＠code{\ 1 2 3} is four keys but -＠code{\123} is a single key written in octal, and ＠code{< right >} is -seven keys but ＠code{<right>} is a single function key. When in doubt, -use whitespace. + done + exec gnuclient $＠{1+"$＠＠"＠} + fi +＠end example + +Note that there is a known problem when running XEmacs and 'gnuclient +-nw' on the same TTY. ＠end quotation -＠node Q5.1.4, Q5.1.5, Q5.1.3, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.1.4: What is the performance hit of ＠code{let}? +＠node Internet, Advanced, External Subsystems, Top +＠unnumbered 6 Connecting to the Internet -In most cases, not noticeable. Besides, there's no avoiding -＠code{let}---you have to bind your local variables, after all. Some -pose a question whether to nest ＠code{let}s, or use one ＠code{let} per -function. I think because of clarity and maintenance (and possible -future implementation), ＠code{let}-s should be used (nested) in a way to -provide the clearest code. +This is part 6 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This +section is devoted connecting to the Internet. -＠node Q5.1.5, Q5.1.6, Q5.1.4, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.1.5: What is the recommended use of ＠code{setq}? +＠menu +6.0: General Mail and News +* Q6.0.1:: What are the various packages for reading mail? +* Q6.0.2:: How can I send mail? +* Q6.0.3:: How do I get my outgoing mail archived? +* Q6.0.4:: How can I read and/or compose MIME messages? +* Q6.0.5:: How do I customize the From line? +* Q6.0.6:: How do I get my MUA to filter mail for me? +* Q6.0.7:: Remote mail reading with an MUA. +* Q6.0.8:: An MUA gets an error incorporating new mail. +* Q6.0.9:: Why isn't ＠file{movemail} working? +* Q6.0.10:: How do I make my MUA display graphical smilies? +* Q6.0.11:: How can I get those oh-so-neat X-Face lines? + +6.1: Reading Mail with VM +* Q6.1.1:: How do I set up VM to retrieve mail from a remote site using POP? +* Q6.1.2:: How can I get VM to automatically check for new mail? +* Q6.1.3:: I have various addresses at which I receive mail. How can I tell VM to ignore them when doing a "reply-all"? +* Q6.1.4:: Is there a mailing list or FAQ for VM? +* Q6.1.5:: How do I make VM stay in a single frame? +* Q6.1.6:: Customization of VM not covered in the manual, or here. + +6.2: Reading Netnews and Mail with Gnus +* Q6.2.1:: GNUS, (ding) Gnus, Gnus 5, September Gnus, Red Gnus, Quassia Gnus, argh! +* Q6.2.2:: How do I make Gnus stay within a single frame? + +6.3: FTP Access +* Q6.3.1:: Can I edit files on other hosts? +* Q6.3.2:: What is EFS? + +6.4: Web Browsing with W3 +* Q6.4.1:: What is W3? +* Q6.4.2:: How do I run W3 from behind a firewall? +* Q6.4.3:: Is it true that W3 supports style sheets and tables? +＠end menu -＠itemize ＠bullet -＠item Global variables +＠unnumberedsec 6.0: General Mail and News -You will typically ＠code{defvar} your global variable to a default -value, and use ＠code{setq} to set it later. +＠node Q6.0.1, Q6.0.2, Internet, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.1: What are the various packages for reading mail? -It is never a good practice to ＠code{setq} user variables (like -＠code{case-fold-search}, etc.), as it ignores the user's choice -unconditionally. Note that ＠code{defvar} doesn't change the value of a -variable if it was bound previously. If you wish to change a -user-variable temporarily, use ＠code{let}: +#### Write me. +＠node Q6.0.2, Q6.0.3, Q6.0.1, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.2: How can I send mail? + +Under Unix and Mac OS X, the ＠samp{sendmail} package is normally used +for this. +#### Write me. + +Under Windows, you need to use ＠samp{smtpmail}, which communicates +directly with the mail server, as there is no ＠file{sendmail} program +running. To get it working, use code like the following in your +(a)file{init.el} file: + +＠lisp + ;; Get mail working under Windows. + (setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it) ; for message/Gnus + (setq send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it) ; for C-x m, etc. + ;; the following ensures that mail problems can be debugged: it logs a trace + ;; of the SMTP conversation to *trace of SMTP session to <somewhere>*. + (setq smtpmail-debug-info t) + ;; Substitute your info here. + ;(setq user-mail-address &quot;ben＠(a)xemacs.org&quot;) + ;(setq user-full-name "Ben Wing") + ;(setq smtpmail-default-smtp-server "smtp.myserver.myisp.com") + ;; The following two aren't completely necessary but may help. + ;(setq smtpmail-local-domain "666.com") + ;(setq smtpmail-sendto-domain "666.com") + ;; If your SMTP server requires a username/password to authenticate, as + ;; many do nowadays, set them like this: + ;(setq smtpmail-auth-credentials ; or use ~/.authinfo + ; '(("smtp.myserver.myisp.com" 25 "USER＠＠SOMEWHERE" "PASSWORD"))) + + ;; Other possibilities for getting smtpmail to work: + ;; + ;; If for some reason you need to authenticate using the STARTTLS protocol + ;; (don't look into this unless you know what it is), use + ;; (setq smtpmail-starttls-credentials + ;; '(("YOUR SMTP HOST" 25 "~/.my_smtp_tls.key" "~/.my_smtp_tls.cert"))) + ;; Requires external program + ;; ftp://ftp.opaopa.org/pub/elisp/starttls-*.tar.gz. + ;; See http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2246.txt, + ;; http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2487.txt +＠end lisp + +The lines you need to care about are those that set +＠code{user-mail-address}, ＠code{user-full-name}, +＠code{smtpmail-default-smtp-server}, and +＠code{smtpmail-auth-credentials}. You need to set these with, +respectively, your email address, your full name, the SMTP server you +use for outgoing mail, and the username and password you need to log +in to your SMTP server. (If for some reason your SMTP server doesn't +require logging in to send mail, don't uncomment this last line.) + +The other settings may be useful in specific cases, but you should know what +you're doing before enabling them. + +＠node Q6.0.3, Q6.0.4, Q6.0.2, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.3: How do I get my outgoing mail archived? + ＠lisp -(let ((case-fold-search nil)) - ... ; code with searches that must be case-sensitive - ...) +(setq mail-archive-file-name "~/outbox") ＠end lisp -You will notice the user-variables by their docstrings beginning with an -asterisk (a convention). +＠node Q6.0.4, Q6.0.5, Q6.0.3, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.4: How can I read and/or compose MIME messages? -＠item Local variables +VM, MH-E and GNUS support MIME natively. Other MUAs may or may not +have MIME support; refer to their documentation and other resources, +such as web pages and mailing lists. Packages like SEMI/WEMI may be +useful in connection with MUAs like mew and Wanderlust. -Bind them with ＠code{let}, which will unbind them (or restore their -previous value, if they were bound) after exiting from the ＠code{let} -form. Change the value of local variables with ＠code{setq} or whatever -you like (e.g. ＠code{incf}, ＠code{setf} and such). The ＠code{let} form -can even return one of its local variables. +＠node Q6.0.5, Q6.0.6, Q6.0.4, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.5: How do I customize the From line? -Typical usage: +How do I change the ＠samp{From:} line? I have set gnus-user-from-line +to +＠example +Gail Gurman <gail.gurman＠(a)sybase.com&gt; +＠end example +＠noindent , but XEmacs Gnus doesn't use +it. [This should apply to all MUA's. --ed] Instead it uses +＠example +Gail Mara Gurman ＠email{gailg＠＠deall} +＠end example +＠noindent and then complains +that it's incorrect. Also, as you perhaps can see, my Message-ID is +screwy. How can I change that? -＠lisp -;; iterate through the elements of the list returned by -;; `hairy-function-that-returns-list' -(let ((l (hairy-function-that-returns-list))) - (while l - ... do something with (car l) ... - (setq l (cdr l)))) -＠end lisp +＠email{larsi＠(a)ifi.uio.no, Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen} writes: -Another typical usage includes building a value simply to work with it. +＠quotation +Set ＠code{user-mail-address} to ＠samp{gail.gurman＠(a)sybase.com} or +＠code{mail-host-address} to ＠samp{sybase.com}. +＠end quotation -＠lisp -;; Build the mode keymap out of the key-translation-alist -(let ((inbox (file-truename (expand-file-name box))) - (i 0)) - ... code dealing with inbox ... - inbox) -＠end lisp +＠node Q6.0.6, Q6.0.7, Q6.0.5, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.6: How do I get my MUA to filter mail for me? -This piece of code uses the local variable ＠code{inbox}, which becomes -unbound (or regains old value) after exiting the form. The form also -returns the value of ＠code{inbox}, which can be reused, for instance: +One possibility is to use procmail to split your mail before it gets to +the MUA. I prefer this personally, since there are many strange and +wonderful things one can do with procmail. Procmail may be found at +＠uref{http://www.procmail.org/}. -＠lisp -(setq foo-processed-inbox - (let .....)) -＠end lisp -＠end itemize +Also see the Mail Filtering FAQ at: +＠iftex +＠* +＠end iftex +＠uref{http://www.faqs.org/faqs/mail/filtering-faq/}. -＠node Q5.1.6, Q5.1.7, Q5.1.5, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.1.6: What is the typical misuse of ＠code{setq} ? +＠node Q6.0.7, Q6.0.8, Q6.0.6, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.7: Remote mail reading with an MUA. -A typical misuse is probably ＠code{setq}ing a variable that was meant to -be local. Such a variable will remain bound forever, never to be -garbage-collected. For example, the code doing: +My mailbox lives at the office on a big honkin server. My regular INBOX +lives on my honkin desktop machine. I now can PPP to the office from +home which is far from honking... I'd like to be able to read mail at +home without storing it here and I'd like to use xemacs and the MUA at +home... Is there a recommended setup? -＠lisp -(defun my-function (whatever) - (setq a nil) - ... build a large list ... - ... and exit ...) -＠end lisp +＠email{nuspl＠(a)nvwls.cc.purdue.edu, Joseph J. Nuspl Jr.} writes: -does a bad thing, as ＠code{a} will keep consuming memory, never to be -unbound. The correct thing is to do it like this: +＠quotation +There are several ways to do this. -＠lisp -(defun my-function (whatever) - (let (a) ; default initialization is to nil - ... build a large list ... - ... and exit, unbinding `a' in the process ...) -＠end lisp +＠enumerate +＠item +Set your display to your home machine and run dxpc or one of the other X +compressors. -Not only is this prettier syntactically, but it makes it possible for -Emacs to garbage-collect the objects which ＠code{a} used to reference. +＠item +NFS mount your desktop machine on your home machine and modify your pop +command on your home machine to rsh to your desktop machine and actually +do the pop get's. -Note that even global variables should not be ＠code{setq}ed without -＠code{defvar}ing them first, because the byte-compiler issues warnings. -The reason for the warning is the following: +＠item +Run a POP server on your desktop machine as well and do a sort of two +tiered POP get. +＠end enumerate +＠end quotation -＠lisp -(defun flurgoze nil) ; ok, global internal variable -... +＠email{wmperry＠(a)monolith.spry.com, William Perry} adds: -(setq flurghoze t) ; ops! a typo, but semantically correct. - ; however, the byte-compiler warns. +＠quotation +Or you could run a pop script periodically on your desktop machine, and +just use ange-ftp or NFS to get to your mailbox. I used to do this all +the time back at IU. +＠end quotation -While compiling toplevel forms: -** assignment to free variable flurghoze -＠end lisp +＠node Q6.0.8, Q6.0.9, Q6.0.7, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.8: An MUA gets an error incorporating new mail. -＠node Q5.1.7, Q5.1.8, Q5.1.6, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.1.7: I like the ＠code{do} form of cl, does it slow things down? +rmail and VM, and probably other MUA's as well, get new mail from +your mailbox (called ＠file{/var/mail/$USER} or ＠file{/var/spool/mail/$USER} +or something similar) using a program called ＠code{movemail}. +This program interlocks with ＠code{/bin/mail} using the protocol +defined by ＠code{/bin/mail}. + +There are various different protocols in general use, which you need to +specify using the ＠samp{--mail-locking} option +(＠samp{--with-mail-locking} in 21.5 or later) to ＠file{configure}: + +＠table ＠samp +＠item lockf +POSIX file locking with ＠code{lockf()} +＠item flock +BSD file locking with ＠code{flock()} +＠item dot +To manipulate mail file ＠file{foo}, first create file ＠file{foo.lock} +＠item locking +Use ＠code{locking()}, Microsoft's renamed ＠code{flock()} +＠item mmdf +Use ＠code{lk_open()} and ＠code{lk_close()} as defined by the Multi-channel +Memo Distribution Facility +＠item pop +Retrieve mail using POP (the Post Office Protocol). This is the +default for Cygwin/MinGW. +＠end table -It shouldn't. Here is what Dave Gillespie has to say about cl.el -performance: +＠strong{IF YOU DON'T USE THE FORM OF INTERLOCKING THAT IS NORMAL ON YOUR +SYSTEM, YOU CAN LOSE MAIL!} -＠quotation -Many of the advanced features of this package, such as ＠code{defun*}, -＠code{loop}, and ＠code{setf}, are implemented as Lisp macros. In -byte-compiled code, these complex notations will be expanded into -equivalent Lisp code which is simple and efficient. For example, the -forms +Usually the value is correctly determined automatically: +＠file{configure} tries to detect the method in use, and defaults exist +on systems for which this doesn't work. + +However, if you run into problems incorporating new mail, it may be +because an incorrect method is being used. + +If your system uses the lock file protocol, and permissions are set +so that ordinary users cannot write lock files in the mail spool +directory, you may need to make ＠file{movemail} setgid to a +suitable group such as ＠samp{mail}. You can use these commands (as +root): -＠lisp -(incf i n) -(push x (car p)) -＠end lisp +＠example +chgrp mail movemail +chmod 2755 movemail +＠end example -are expanded at compile-time to the Lisp forms +If you are using the ＠samp{pop} locking method, ＠file{movemail} must +be setuid root. + +Installation normally copies movemail from the build directory to an +installation directory which is usually under ＠file{/usr/local/lib}. +The installed copy of ＠file{movemail} is usually in the directory +＠file{/usr/local/lib/xemacs-VERSION/TARGET} (for example, +(a)file{/usr/local/lib/xemacs-21.4.15/i686-pc-cygwin}). You must change +the group and mode of the installed copy; changing the group and mode +of the build directory copy is ineffective. + +＠node Q6.0.9, Q6.0.10, Q6.0.8, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.9: Why isn't ＠file{movemail} working? + +(a)xref{Q6.0.8}. + +Note also that older versions of Mozilla came with a ＠file{movemail} +program that is ＠strong{not} compatible with XEmacs. Do not use it. +Always use the ＠file{movemail} installed with your XEmacs. Failure to +do so can result in lost mail. + +＠node Q6.0.10, Q6.0.11, Q6.0.9, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.10: How do I make my MUA display graphical smilies? +For mh-e use the following: ＠lisp -(setq i (+ i n)) -(setcar p (cons x (car p))) +(add-hook 'mh-show-mode-hook '(lambda () + (smiley-region (point-min) + (point-max)))) ＠end lisp -which are the most efficient ways of doing these respective operations -in Lisp. Thus, there is no performance penalty for using the more -readable ＠code{incf} and ＠code{push} forms in your compiled code. +＠email{bill＠(a)carpenter.ORG, WJCarpenter} writes: +For VM use the following: +＠lisp + (autoload 'smiley-region "smiley" nil t) + (add-hook 'vm-select-message-hook + '(lambda () + (smiley-region (point-min) + (point-max)))) +＠end lisp -＠emph{Interpreted} code, on the other hand, must expand these macros -every time they are executed. For this reason it is strongly -recommended that code making heavy use of macros be compiled. (The -features labelled ＠dfn{Special Form} instead of ＠dfn{Function} in this -manual are macros.) A loop using ＠code{incf} a hundred times will -execute considerably faster if compiled, and will also garbage-collect -less because the macro expansion will not have to be generated, used, -and thrown away a hundred times. +For tm use the following: +＠lisp +(autoload 'smiley-buffer "smiley" nil t) +(add-hook 'mime-viewer/plain-text-preview-hook 'smiley-buffer) +＠end lisp -You can find out how a macro expands by using the ＠code{cl-prettyexpand} -function. -＠end quotation +＠node Q6.0.11, Q6.1.1, Q6.0.10, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.11: How can I get those oh-so-neat X-Face lines? -＠node Q5.1.8, Q5.1.9, Q5.1.7, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.1.8: I like recursion, does it slow things down? +Firstly there is an ftp site which describes X-faces and has the +associated tools mentioned below, at +＠uref{http://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/faces/}. -Yes. Emacs byte-compiler cannot do much to optimize recursion. But -think well whether this is a real concern in Emacs. Much of the Emacs -slowness comes from internal mechanisms such as redisplay, or from the -fact that it is an interpreter. +Then the steps are -Please try not to make your code much uglier to gain a very small speed -gain. It's not usually worth it. +＠enumerate +＠item +Create 48x48x1 bitmap with your favorite tool -＠node Q5.1.9, Q5.1.10, Q5.1.8, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.1.9: How do I put a glyph as annotation in a buffer? +＠item +Convert to "icon" format using one of xbm2ikon, pbmtoicon, etc., +and then compile the face. -Here is a solution that will insert the glyph annotation at the -beginning of buffer: +＠item +＠example +cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon |compface > file.face +＠end example -＠lisp -(make-annotation (make-glyph '([FORMAT :file FILE] - [string :data "fallback-text"])) - (point-min) - 'text - (current-buffer)) -＠end lisp +＠item +Then be sure to quote things that are necessary for emacs strings: -Replace ＠samp{FORMAT} with an unquoted symbol representing the format of -the image (e.g. ＠code{xpm}, ＠code{xbm}, ＠code{gif}, ＠code{jpeg}, etc.) -Instead of ＠samp{FILE}, use the image file name -(e.g. +＠example +cat ./file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g' ＠iftex -＠* +\ ＠* ＠end iftex -(a)file{/usr/local/lib/xemacs-21.4/etc/recycle.xpm}). - -You can turn this to a function (that optionally prompts you for a file -name), and inserts the glyph at ＠code{(point)} instead of -＠code{(point-min)}. - -＠node Q5.1.10, Q5.1.11, Q5.1.9, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.1.10: ＠code{map-extents} won't traverse all of my extents! - -I tried to use ＠code{map-extents} to do an operation on all the extents -in a region. However, it seems to quit after processing a random number -of extents. Is it buggy? +| sed 's/\"/\\\"/g' > ./file.face.quoted +＠end example -No. The documentation of ＠code{map-extents} states that it will iterate -across the extents as long as ＠var{function} returns ＠code{nil}. -Unexperienced programmers often forget to return ＠code{nil} explicitly, -which results in buggy code. For instance, the following code is -supposed to delete all the extents in a buffer, and issue as many -＠samp{fubar!} messages. +＠item +Then set up emacs to include the file as a mail header - there were a +couple of suggestions here---either something like: ＠lisp -(map-extents (lambda (ext ignore) - (delete-extent ext) - (message "fubar!"))) +(setq mail-default-headers + "X-Face: ＠email{Ugly looking text string here}") ＠end lisp -Instead, it will delete only the first extent, and stop right there -- -because ＠code{message} will return a non-nil value. The correct code -is: +Or, alternatively, as: ＠lisp -(map-extents (lambda (ext ignore) - (delete-extent ext) - (message "fubar!") - nil)) +(defun mail-insert-x-face () + (save-excursion + (goto-char (point-min)) + (search-forward mail-header-separator) + (beginning-of-line) + (insert "X-Face:") + (insert-file-contents "~/.face"))) + +(add-hook 'mail-setup-hook 'mail-insert-x-face) ＠end lisp +＠end enumerate -＠node Q5.1.11, Q5.2.1, Q5.1.10, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.1.11: My elisp program is horribly slow. Is there -an easy way to find out where it spends time? -＠c New +However, 2 things might be wrong: -＠email{hniksic＠(a)xemacs.org, Hrvoje Niksic} writes: -＠quotation -Under XEmacs 20.4 and later you can use ＠kbd{M-x profile-key-sequence}, -press a key (say ＠key{RET} in the Gnus Group buffer), and get the -results using ＠kbd{M-x profile-results}. It should give you an idea of -where the time is being spent. -＠end quotation +Some versions of pbmtoicon produces some header lines that is not +expected by the version of compface that I grabbed. So I found I had to +include a ＠code{tail +3} in the pipeline like this: -＠node Q5.2.1, Q5.2.2, Q5.1.11, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.2.1: How do I turn off the sound? +＠example +cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon | tail +3 |compface > file.face +＠end example -Add the following line to your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +Some people have also found that if one uses the ＠code{(insert-file)} +method, one should NOT quote the face string using the sed script . -＠lisp -(setq bell-volume 0) -(setq sound-alist nil) -＠end lisp +It might also be helpful to use ＠email{stig＠(a)hackvan.com, Stig's} script +xbm2face (included in the compface distribution at XEmacs.org) to do the +conversion. -That will make your XEmacs totally silent---even the default ding sound -(TTY beep on TTY-s) will be gone. +Contributors for this item: -Starting with XEmacs 20.2 you can also change these with Customize. -Select from the ＠code{Options} menu -＠code{Advanced (Customize)->Emacs->Environment->Sound->Sound...} or type -＠kbd{M-x customize ＠key{RET} sound ＠key{RET}}. +Paul Emsley, +Ricardo Marek, +Amir J. Katz, +Glen McCort, +Heinz Uphoff, +Peter Arius, +Paul Harrison, and +Vegard Vesterheim +＠unnumberedsec 6.1: Reading Mail with VM -＠node Q5.2.2, Q5.2.3, Q5.2.1, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.2.2: How do I get funky sounds instead of a boring beep? +＠node Q6.1.1, Q6.1.2, Q6.0.11, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.1.1: How do I set up VM to retrieve mail from a remote site using POP? -Make sure your XEmacs was compiled with sound support, and then put this -in your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +Use ＠code{vm-spool-files}, like this for example: ＠lisp -(load-default-sounds) +(setq vm-spool-files '("/var/spool/mail/wing" + "netcom23.netcom.com:110:pass:wing:MYPASS")) ＠end lisp - -＠c The sound support in XEmacs 19.14 was greatly improved over previous -＠c versions. -＠c -＠node Q5.2.3, Q5.2.4, Q5.2.2, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.2.3: What's NAS, how do I get it? -(a)xref{Q2.0.3}, for an explanation of the ＠dfn{Network Audio System}. - -＠node Q5.2.4, Q5.3.1, Q5.2.3, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.2.4: Sunsite sounds don't play. +Of course substitute your actual password for MYPASS. -I'm having some trouble with sounds I've downloaded from sunsite. They -play when I run them through ＠code{showaudio} or cat them directly to -＠file{/dev/audio}, but XEmacs refuses to play them. +＠node Q6.1.2, Q6.1.3, Q6.1.1, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.1.2: How can I get VM to automatically check for new mail? -＠email{gutschk＠(a)uni-muenster.de, Markus Gutschke} writes: +＠email{turner＠(a)lanl.gov, John Turner} writes: ＠quotation -[Many of] These files have an (erroneous) 24byte header that tells about -the format that they have been recorded in. If you cat them to -＠file{/dev/audio}, the header will be ignored and the default behavior -for /dev/audio will be used. This happens to be 8kHz uLaw. It is -probably possible to fix the header by piping through ＠code{sox} and -passing explicit parameters for specifying the sampling format; you then -need to perform a 'null' conversion from SunAudio to SunAudio. -＠end quotation - -＠node Q5.3.1, Q5.3.2, Q5.2.4, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsec 5.3: Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.1: How do you make XEmacs indent CL if-clauses correctly? - -I'd like XEmacs to indent all the clauses of a Common Lisp ＠code{if} the -same amount instead of indenting the 3rd clause differently from the -first two. - -One way is to add, to ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +Use the following: ＠lisp -(put 'if 'lisp-indent-function nil) +(setq vm-auto-get-new-mail 60) ＠end lisp - -However, note that the package ＠code{cl-indent} that comes with -XEmacs sets up this kind of indentation by default. ＠code{cl-indent} -also knows about many other CL-specific forms. To use ＠code{cl-indent}, -one can do this: +＠end quotation -＠lisp -(load "cl-indent") -(setq lisp-indent-function (function common-lisp-indent-function)) -＠end lisp +＠node Q6.1.3, Q6.1.4, Q6.1.2, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.1.3: I have various addresses at which I receive mail. How can I tell VM to ignore them when doing a "reply-all"? -One can also customize ＠file{cl-indent.el} so it mimics the default -＠code{if} indentation ＠code{then} indented more than the ＠code{else}. -Here's how: +Set ＠code{vm-reply-ignored-addresses} to a list, like ＠lisp -(put 'if 'common-lisp-indent-function '(nil nil &body)) +(setq vm-reply-ignored-addresses + &#39;(&quot;wing＠＠nuspl＠(a)nvwls.cc.purdue.edu,netcom[0-9]*.netcom.com&quot; + &quot;wing＠(a)netcom.com&quot; &quot;wing＠(a)xemacs.org&quot;)) ＠end lisp - -Also, a new version (1.2) of ＠file{cl-indent.el} was posted to -comp.emacs.xemacs on 12/9/94. This version includes more documentation -than previous versions. This may prove useful if you need to customize -any indent-functions. -＠node Q5.3.2, Q5.3.3, Q5.3.1, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.2: [This question intentionally left blank] - -Obsolete question, left blank to avoid renumbering. - -＠node Q5.3.3, Q5.3.4, Q5.3.2, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.3: How can I print WYSIWYG a font-locked buffer? +Note that each string is a regular expression. -Font-lock looks nice. How can I print (WYSIWYG) the highlighted -document? +＠node Q6.1.4, Q6.1.5, Q6.1.3, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.1.4: Is there a mailing list or FAQ for VM? -The package ＠code{ps-print}, which is now included with XEmacs, provides -the ability to do this. The source code contains complete instructions -on its use, in -(a)file{$prefix/lib/xemacs/xemacs-packages/lisp/ps-print/ps-print.el}, -being the default location of an installed ps-print package. +A FAQ for VM exists at ＠uref{http://www.wonderworks.com/vm/FAQ.html}. -＠node Q5.3.4, Q5.3.5, Q5.3.3, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.4: Getting ＠kbd{M-x lpr} to work with postscript printer. +VM has its own newsgroups gnu.emacs.vm.info and gnu.emacs.vm.bug. -My printer is a Postscript printer and ＠code{lpr} only works for -Postscript files, so how do I get ＠kbd{M-x lpr-region} and ＠kbd{M-x -lpr-buffer} to work? +＠node Q6.1.5, Q6.1.6, Q6.1.4, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.1.5: How do I make VM stay in a single frame? -Put something like this in your ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs}: +John.＠email{Cooper＠(a)Eng.Sun.COM, John S Cooper} writes: +＠quotation ＠lisp -(setq lpr-command "a2ps") -(setq lpr-switches '("-p" "-1")) + ; Don't use multiple frames +(setq vm-frame-per-composition nil) +(setq vm-frame-per-folder nil) +(setq vm-frame-per-edit nil) +(setq vm-frame-per-summary nil) ＠end lisp - -If you don't use a2ps to convert ASCII to postscript (why not, it's -free?), replace with the command you do use. Note also that some -versions of a2ps require a ＠samp{-Pprinter} to ensure spooling. - -＠node Q5.3.5, Q5.3.6, Q5.3.4, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.5: How do I specify the paths that XEmacs uses for finding files? - -You can specify what paths to use by using a number of different flags -when running configure. See the section MAKE VARIABLES in the top-level -file INSTALL in the XEmacs distribution for a listing of those flags. - -Most of the time, however, the simplest fix is: ＠strong{do not} specify -paths as you might for GNU Emacs. XEmacs can generally determine the -necessary paths dynamically at run time. The only path that generally -needs to be specified is the root directory to install into. That can -be specified by passing the ＠code{--prefix} flag to configure. For a -description of the XEmacs install tree, please consult the ＠file{NEWS} -file. +＠end quotation -＠node Q5.3.6, Q5.3.7, Q5.3.5, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.6: [This question intentionally left blank] +＠node Q6.1.6, Q6.2.1, Q6.1.5, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.1.6: Customization of VM not covered in the manual, or here. -Obsolete question, left blank to avoid renumbering. +＠email{boffi＠(a)hp735.stru.polimi.it, giacomo boffi} writes: -＠node Q5.3.7, Q5.3.8, Q5.3.6, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.7: Can I have the end of the buffer delimited in some way? +＠quotation +The meta-answer is to look into the file ＠file{vm-vars.el}, in the vm +directory of the lisp library. -Say, with: ＠samp{[END]}? +(a)file{vm-vars.el} contains, initializes and carefully describes, with +examples of usage, the plethora of user options that ＠emph{fully} +control VM's behavior. -Try this: +Enter vm-vars, ＠code{forward-search} for toolbar, find the variables +that control the toolbar placement, appearance, existence, copy to your +(a)file{init.el} or ＠file{.vm} and modify according to the +detailed instructions. -＠lisp -(let ((ext (make-extent (point-min) (point-max)))) - (set-extent-property ext 'start-closed t) - (set-extent-property ext 'end-closed t) - (set-extent-property ext 'detachable nil) - (set-extent-end-glyph ext (make-glyph [string :data "[END]"]))) -＠end lisp +The above also applies to all the various features of VM: search for +some keywords, maybe the first you conjure isn't appropriate, find the +appropriate variables, copy and experiment. +＠end quotation -Since this is XEmacs, you can specify an icon to be shown on -window-system devices. To do so, change the ＠code{make-glyph} call to -something like this: +＠unnumberedsec 6.2: Reading Netnews and Mail with Gnus -＠lisp -(make-glyph '([xpm :file "~/something.xpm"] - [string :data "[END]"])) -＠end lisp +＠node Q6.2.1, Q6.2.2, Q6.1.6, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.2.1: GNUS, (ding) Gnus, Gnus 5, September Gnus, Red Gnus, Quassia Gnus, argh! -You can inline the ＠sc{xpm} definition yourself by specifying -＠code{:data} instead of ＠code{:file}. Here is such a full-featured -version that works on both X and TTY devices: +The Gnus numbering issues are not meant for mere mortals to know them. +If you feel you ＠emph{must} enter the muddy waters of Gnus, visit the +excellent FAQ, maintained by Justin Sheehy, at: -＠lisp -(let ((ext (make-extent (point-min) (point-max)))) - (set-extent-property ext 'start-closed t) - (set-extent-property ext 'end-closed t) - (set-extent-property ext 'detachable nil) - (set-extent-end-glyph ext (make-glyph '([xpm :data "\ -/* XPM */ -static char* eye = ＠{ -\"20 11 7 2\", -\"__ c None\" -\"_` c #7f7f7f\", -\"_a c #fefefe\", -\"_b c #7f0000\", -\"_c c #fefe00\", -\"_d c #fe0000\", -\"_e c #bfbfbf\", -\"___________`_`_`___b_b_b_b_________`____\", -\"_________`_`_`___b_c_c_c_b_b____________\", -\"_____`_`_`_e___b_b_c_c_c___b___b_______`\", -\"___`_`_e_a___b_b_d___b___b___b___b______\", -\"_`_`_e_a_e___b_b_d_b___b___b___b___b____\", -\"_`_`_a_e_a___b_b_d___b___b___b___b___b__\", -\"_`_`_e_a_e___b_b_d_b___b___b___b___b_b__\", -\"___`_`_e_a___b_b_b_d_c___b___b___d_b____\", -\"_____`_`_e_e___b_b_b_d_c___b_b_d_b______\", -\"_`_____`_`_`_`___b_b_b_d_d_d_d_b________\", -\"___`_____`_`_`_`___b_b_b_b_b_b__________\", -＠} ;"] - [string :data "[END]"])))) -＠end lisp +＠example +＠uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/} +＠end example -Note that you might want to make this a function, and put it to a hook. -We leave that as an exercise for the reader. +See also Gnus home page +＠example +＠uref{http://www.gnus.org/} +＠end example -＠node Q5.3.8, Q5.3.9, Q5.3.7, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.8: How do I insert today's date into a buffer? +＠node Q6.2.2, Q6.3.1, Q6.2.1, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.2.2: How do I make Gnus stay within a single frame? -Like this: +The toolbar code to start Gnus opens the new frame---and it's a feature +rather than a bug. If you don't like it, but would still like to click +on the seemly icon, use the following code: ＠lisp -(insert (current-time-string)) +(defun toolbar-news () + (gnus)) ＠end lisp - -＠node Q5.3.9, Q5.3.10, Q5.3.8, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.9: Are only certain syntactic character classes available for abbrevs? - -＠email{gutschk＠(a)uni-muenster.de, Markus Gutschke} writes: - -＠quotation -Yes, abbrevs only expands word-syntax strings. While XEmacs does not -prevent you from defining (e.g. with ＠kbd{C-x a g} or ＠kbd{C-x a l}) -abbrevs that contain special characters, it will refuse to expand -them. So you need to ensure, that the abbreviation contains letters and -digits only. This means that ＠samp{xd}, ＠samp{d5}, and ＠samp{5d} are -valid abbrevs, but ＠samp{&d}, and ＠samp{x d} are not. - -If this sounds confusing to you, (re-)read the online documentation for -abbrevs (＠kbd{C-h i m XEmacs ＠key{RET} m Abbrevs ＠key{RET}}), and then come back and -read this question/answer again. -＠end quotation - -Starting with XEmacs 20.3 this restriction has been lifted. -＠node Q5.3.10, Q5.3.11, Q5.3.9, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.10: How can I get those oh-so-neat X-Face lines? +It will redefine the callback function of the icon to just call +＠code{gnus}, without all the fancy frame stuff. -Firstly there is an ftp site which describes X-faces and has the -associated tools mentioned below, at -＠uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/faces/}. +＠unnumberedsec 6.3: FTP Access -Then the steps are +＠node Q6.3.1, Q6.3.2, Q6.2.2, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.3.1: Can I edit files on other hosts? -＠enumerate -＠item -Create 48x48x1 bitmap with your favorite tool +Yes. Of course XEmacs can use any network file system (such as NFS or +Windows file sharing) you have available, and includes some +optimizations and safety features appropriate to those environments. -＠item -Convert to "icon" format using one of xbm2ikon, pbmtoicon, etc., -and then compile the face. +It is also possible to transparently edit files via FTP, ssh, or rsh. That +is, XEmacs makes a local copy using the transport in the background, and +automatically refreshes the remote original from that copy when you save +it. XEmacs also is capable of doing file system manipulations like +creating and removing directories and files. The FTP interface is +provided by the standard ＠samp{efs} package ＠ref{Top, EFS, , efs}. The +ssh/rsh interface is provided by the optional ＠samp{tramp} package +＠ref{Top, TRAMP, , tramp}. -＠item -＠example -cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon |compface > file.face -＠end example +＠node Q6.3.2, Q6.4.1, Q6.3.1, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.3.2: What is EFS? -＠item -Then be sure to quote things that are necessary for emacs strings: +#### Write me. -＠example -cat ./file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g' -＠iftex -\ ＠* -＠end iftex -| sed 's/\"/\\\"/g' > ./file.face.quoted -＠end example +＠unnumberedsec 6.4: Web Browsing with W3 -＠item -Then set up emacs to include the file as a mail header - there were a -couple of suggestions here---either something like: +＠node Q6.4.1, Q6.4.2, Q6.3.2, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.4.1: What is W3? -＠lisp -(setq mail-default-headers - "X-Face: ＠email{Ugly looking text string here}") -＠end lisp +W3 is an advanced graphical browser written in Emacs lisp that runs on +XEmacs. It has full support for cascaded style sheets, and more... -Or, alternatively, as: +It has a home web page at +＠uref{http://www.cs.indiana.edu/elisp/w3/docs.html}. -＠lisp -(defun mail-insert-x-face () - (save-excursion - (goto-char (point-min)) - (search-forward mail-header-separator) - (beginning-of-line) - (insert "X-Face:") - (insert-file-contents "~/.face"))) +＠node Q6.4.2, Q6.4.3, Q6.4.1, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.4.2: How do I run W3 from behind a firewall? -(add-hook 'mail-setup-hook 'mail-insert-x-face) -＠end lisp -＠end enumerate +There is a long, well-written, detailed section in the W3 manual that +describes how to do this. Look in the section entitled "Firewalls". -However, 2 things might be wrong: +＠node Q6.4.3, , Q6.4.2, Internet +＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.4.3: Is it true that W3 supports style sheets and tables? -Some versions of pbmtoicon produces some header lines that is not -expected by the version of compface that I grabbed. So I found I had to -include a ＠code{tail +3} in the pipeline like this: +Yes, and much more. W3, as distributed with the latest XEmacs is a +full-featured web browser. -＠example -cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon | tail +3 |compface > file.face -＠end example +＠node Advanced, Other Packages, Internet, Top +＠unnumbered 7 Advanced Customization Using XEmacs Lisp -Some people have also found that if one uses the ＠code{(insert-file)} -method, one should NOT quote the face string using the sed script . +This is part 7 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This +section is devoted to advanced customization using XEmacs Lisp. -It might also be helpful to use ＠email{stig＠(a)hackvan.com, Stig's} script -(included in the compface distribution at XEmacs.org) to do the -conversion. -＠comment For convenience xbm2xface is available for anonymous FTP at -＠comment ＠uref{ftp://ftp.miranova.com/pub/xemacs/xbm2xface.pl}. +＠menu +7.0: Emacs Lisp and ＠file{init.el} +* Q7.0.1:: What version of Emacs am I running? +* Q7.0.2:: How can I evaluate Emacs-Lisp expressions? +* Q7.0.3:: ＠code{(setq tab-width 6)} behaves oddly. +* Q7.0.4:: How can I add directories to the ＠code{load-path}? +* Q7.0.5:: How to check if a lisp function is defined? +* Q7.0.6:: Can I force the output of ＠code{(face-list)} to a buffer? + +7.1: Emacs Lisp Programming Techniques +* Q7.1.1:: What is the difference in key sequences between XEmacs and GNU Emacs? +* Q7.1.2:: Can I generate "fake" keyboard events? +* Q7.1.3:: Could you explain ＠code{read-kbd-macro} in more detail? +* Q7.1.4:: What is the performance hit of ＠code{let}? +* Q7.1.5:: What is the recommended use of ＠code{setq}? +* Q7.1.6:: What is the typical misuse of ＠code{setq}? +* Q7.1.7:: I like the ＠code{do} form of cl, does it slow things down? +* Q7.1.8:: I like recursion, does it slow things down? +* Q7.1.9:: How do I put a glyph as annotation in a buffer? +* Q7.1.10:: ＠code{map-extents} won't traverse all of my extents! +* Q7.1.11:: My elisp program is horribly slow. Is there an easy way to find out where it spends time? + +7.2: Mathematics +* Q7.2.1:: What are bignums, ratios, and bigfloats in Lisp? +* Q7.2.2:: XEmacs segfaults when I use very big numbers! +* Q7.2.3:: Bignums are really slow! +* Q7.2.4:: Equal bignums don't compare as equal! What gives? +＠end menu -Contributors for this item: +＠unnumberedsec 7.0: Emacs Lisp and ＠file{init.el} -Paul Emsley, -Ricardo Marek, -Amir J. Katz, -Glen McCort, -Heinz Uphoff, -Peter Arius, -Paul Harrison, and -Vegard Vesterheim +＠node Q7.0.1, Q7.0.2, Advanced, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.0.1: What version of Emacs am I running? + +How can ＠file{init.el} determine which of the family of +Emacsen I am using? -＠node Q5.3.11, Q5.3.12, Q5.3.10, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.11: How do I add new Info directories? +To determine if you are currently running GNU Emacs 18, GNU Emacs 19, +XEmacs 19, XEmacs 20, or Epoch, and use appropriate code, check out the +example given in ＠file{etc/sample.init.el} (＠file{etc/sample.emacs} in +XEmacs versions prior to 21.4). There are other nifty things in there +as well! -You use something like: +For all new code, all you really need to do is: ＠lisp -(setq Info-directory-list (cons - (expand-file-name "~/info") - Info-default-directory-list)) +(defvar running-xemacs (string-match "XEmacs\\|Lucid" emacs-version)) ＠end lisp -＠email{davidm＠(a)prism.kla.com, David Masterson} writes: +＠node Q7.0.2, Q7.0.3, Q7.0.1, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.0.2: How can I evaluate Emacs-Lisp expressions? -＠quotation -Emacs Info and XEmacs Info do many things differently. If you're trying to -support a number of versions of Emacs, here are some notes to remember: +I know I can evaluate Elisp expressions from ＠code{*scratch*} buffer +with ＠kbd{C-j} after the expression. How do I do it from another +buffer? -＠enumerate -＠item -Emacs Info scans ＠code{Info-directory-list} from right-to-left while -XEmacs Info reads it from left-to-right, so append to the ＠emph{correct} -end of the list. +Press ＠kbd{M-:} (the default binding of ＠code{eval-expression}), and +enter the expression to the minibuffer. -＠item -Use ＠code{Info-default-directory-list} to initialize -＠code{Info-directory-list} ＠emph{if} it is available at startup, but not -all Emacsen define it. +＠node Q7.0.3, Q7.0.4, Q7.0.2, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.0.3: ＠code{(setq tab-width 6)} behaves oddly. -＠item -Emacs Info looks for a standard ＠file{dir} file in each of the -directories scanned from #1 and magically concatenates them together. +If you put ＠code{(setq tab-width 6)} in your +(a)file{init.el} file it does not work! Is there a reason +for this? If you do it at the EVAL prompt it works fine!! How strange. -＠item -XEmacs Info looks for a ＠file{localdir} file (which consists of just the -menu entries from a ＠file{dir} file) in each of the directories scanned -from #1 (except the first), does a simple concatenation of them, and -magically attaches the resulting list to the end of the menu in the -＠file{dir} file in the first directory. -＠end enumerate +Use ＠code{setq-default} instead, since ＠code{tab-width} is +all-buffer-local. -Another alternative is to convert the documentation to HTML with -texi2html and read it from a web browser like Lynx or W3. -＠end quotation +＠node Q7.0.4, Q7.0.5, Q7.0.3, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.0.4: How can I add directories to the ＠code{load-path}? -＠node Q5.3.12, , Q5.3.11, Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q5.3.12: What do I need to change to make printing work? +Here are two ways to do that, one that puts your directories at the +front of the load-path, the other at the end: -For regular printing there are two variables that can be customized. +＠lisp +;;; Add things at the beginning of the load-path, do not add +;;; duplicate directories: +(pushnew "bar" load-path :test 'equal) -＠table ＠code -＠item lpr-command -This should be set to a command that takes standard input and sends -it to a printer. Something like: +(pushnew "foo" load-path :test 'equal) -＠lisp -(setq lpr-command "lp") +;;; Add things at the end, unconditionally +(setq load-path (nconc load-path '("foo" "bar"))) ＠end lisp -＠item lpr-switches -This should be set to a list that contains whatever the print command -requires to do its job. Something like: +＠email{keithh＠(a)nortel.ca, keith (k.p.) hanlan} writes: + +＠quotation +To add directories using Unix shell metacharacters use +＠file{expand-file-name} like this: ＠lisp -(setq lpr-switches '("-depson")) +(push (expand-file-name "~keithh/.emacsdir") load-path) ＠end lisp -＠end table - -For postscript printing there are three analogous variables to -customize. - -＠table ＠code -＠item ps-lpr-command -This should be set to a command that takes postscript on standard input -and directs it to a postscript printer. +＠end quotation -＠item ps-lpr-switches -This should be set to a list of switches required for -＠code{ps-lpr-command} to do its job. +＠node Q7.0.5, Q7.0.6, Q7.0.4, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.0.5: How to check if a lisp function is defined? -＠item ps-print-color-p -This boolean variable should be set ＠code{t} if printing will be done in -color, otherwise it should be set to ＠code{nil}. -＠end table +Use the following elisp: -NOTE: It is an undocumented limitation in XEmacs that postscript -printing (the ＠code{Pretty Print Buffer} menu item) ＠strong{requires} a -window system environment. It cannot be used outside of X11. +＠lisp +(fboundp 'foo) +＠end lisp -＠node MS Windows, Current Events, Miscellaneous, Top -＠unnumbered 6 XEmacs on MS Windows +It's almost always a mistake to test ＠code{emacs-version} or any similar +variables. -This is part 6 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list, written by -Hrvoje Niksic and others. This section is devoted to the MS Windows -port of XEmacs. +Instead, use feature-tests, such as ＠code{featurep}, ＠code{boundp}, +＠code{fboundp}, or even simple behavioral tests, eg.: -＠menu -General Info -* Q6.0.1:: What is the status of the XEmacs port to Windows? -* Q6.0.2:: What flavors of MS Windows are supported? The list name implies NT only. -* Q6.0.3:: Are binaries available? -* Q6.0.4:: Can I build XEmacs on MS Windows with X support? Do I need to? -* Q6.0.5:: I'd like to help out. What do I do? -* Q6.0.6:: What are Cygwin and MinGW, and do I need them to run XEmacs? -* Q6.0.7:: What exactly are all the different ways to build XEmacs under Windows? - -Building XEmacs on MS Windows: -* Q6.1.1:: What compiler/libraries do I need to compile XEmacs? -* Q6.1.2:: How do I compile the native port? -* Q6.1.3:: What do I need for Cygwin? -* Q6.1.4:: How do I compile under Cygwin? -* Q6.1.5:: How do I compile using MinGW (aka ＠samp{the -mno-cygwin flag to gcc})? -* Q6.1.6:: I decided to run with X. Where do I get an X server? -* Q6.1.7:: How do I compile with X support? - -Customization and User Interface: -* Q6.2.1:: How does the port cope with differences in the Windows user interface? -* Q6.2.2:: How do I change fonts in XEmacs on MS Windows? -* Q6.2.3:: Where do I put my ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} file? -* Q6.2.4:: How do I get Windows Explorer to associate a file type with XEmacs? -* Q6.2.5:: Is it possible to print from XEmacs? - -Miscellaneous: -* Q6.3.1:: Does XEmacs rename all the ＠samp{win32-*} symbols to ＠samp{w32-*}? -* Q6.3.2:: What are the differences between the various MS Windows emacsen? -* Q6.3.3:: XEmacs 21.1 on Windows used to spawn an ugly console window on every startup. Has that been fixed? -* Q6.3.4:: What is the porting team doing at the moment? - -Troubleshooting: -* Q6.4.1:: XEmacs won't start on Windows. -* Q6.4.2:: Why do I get a blank toolbar on Windows 95? -* Q6.4.3:: XEmacs complains "No such file or directory, diff" +＠lisp +(defvar foo-old-losing-code-p + (condition-case nil (progn (losing-code t) nil) + (wrong-number-of-arguments t))) +＠end lisp -＠end menu +There is an incredible amount of broken code out there which could work +much better more often in more places if it did the above instead of +trying to divine its environment from the value of one variable. -＠node Q6.0.1, Q6.0.2, MS Windows, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsec 6.0: General Info -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.1: What is the status of the XEmacs port to Windows? - -Is XEmacs really ported to MS Windows? What is the status of the port? - -Beginning with release 21.0, XEmacs has worked under MS Windows. A -group of dedicated developers actively maintains and improves the -Windows-specific portions of the code. The mailing list at -＠email{xemacs-nt＠(a)xemacs.org} is dedicated to that effort (please use -the -request address to subscribe). (Despite its name, XEmacs actually -works on all versions of Windows.) - -As of May 2001, XEmacs on MS Windows is stable and full-featured, and -has been so for a year or more -- in fact, some features, such as -printing, actually work better on Windows than native Unix. However, -the internationalization (Mule) support does not work -- although this -is being actively worked on. +＠node Q7.0.6, Q7.1.1, Q7.0.5, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.0.6: Can I force the output of ＠code{(face-list)} to a buffer? +It would be good having it in a buffer, as the output of +＠code{(face-list)} is too wide to fit to a minibuffer. -＠node Q6.0.2, Q6.0.3, Q6.0.1, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.2: What flavors of MS Windows are supported? The list name implies NT only. +Evaluate the expression in the ＠samp{*scratch*} buffer with point after +the rightmost paren and typing ＠kbd{C-j}. -The list name is misleading, as XEmacs supports and has been compiled on -Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows ME, Windows -XP, and all newer versions of Windows. The MS Windows-specific code is -based on Microsoft Win32 API, and will not work on MS Windows 3.x or on -MS-DOS. +If the minibuffer smallness is the only problem you encounter, you can +simply press ＠kbd{C-h l} to get the former minibuffer contents in a +buffer. -XEmacs also supports the Cygwin and MinGW development and runtime -environments, where it also uses native Windows code for graphical -features. +＠unnumberedsec 7.1: Emacs Lisp Programming Techniques +＠node Q7.1.1, Q7.1.2, Q7.0.6, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.1.1: What is the difference in key sequences between XEmacs and GNU Emacs? -＠node Q6.0.3, Q6.0.4, Q6.0.2, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.3: Are binaries available? +＠email{clerik＠(a)naggum.no, Erik Naggum} writes; -Binaries are available at ＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/Download/win32/} -for the native and Cygwin MS Windows versions of 21.4, and the native -version of 21.1. +＠quotation +Emacs has a legacy of keyboards that produced characters with modifier +bits, and therefore map a variety of input systems into this scheme even +today. XEmacs is instead optimized for X events. This causes an +incompatibility in the way key sequences are specified, but both Emacs +and XEmacs will accept a key sequence as a vector of lists of modifiers +that ends with a key, e.g., to bind ＠kbd{M-C-a}, you would say +＠code{[(meta control a)]} in both Emacsen. XEmacs has an abbreviated +form for a single key, just (meta control a). Emacs has an abbreviated +form for the Control and the Meta modifiers to string-characters (the +ASCII characters), as in ＠samp{\M-\C-a}. XEmacs users need to be aware +that the abbreviated form works only for one-character key sequences, +while Emacs users need to be aware that the string-character is rather +limited. Specifically, the string-character can accommodate only 256 +different values, 128 of which have the Meta modifier and 128 of which +have not. In each of these blocks, only 32 characters have the Control +modifier. Whereas ＠code{[(meta control A)]} differs from ＠code{[(meta +control a)]} because the case differs, ＠samp{\M-\C-a} and ＠samp{\M-\C-A} +do not. Programmers are advised to use the full common form, both +because it is more readable and less error-prone, and because it is +supported by both Emacsen. +＠end quotation -The 21.4 binaries use a modified version of the Cygwin installer. Run -the provided ＠file{setup.exe}, and follow the instructions. +Another (even safer) way to be sure of the key-sequences is to use the +＠code{read-kbd-macro} function, which takes a string like ＠samp{C-c +<up>}, and converts it to the internal key representation of the Emacs +you use. The function is available both on XEmacs and GNU Emacs. +＠node Q7.1.2, Q7.1.3, Q7.1.1, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.1.2: Can I generate "fake" keyboard events? -＠node Q6.0.4, Q6.0.5, Q6.0.3, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.4: Can I build XEmacs on MS Windows with X support? Do I need to? +I wonder if there is an interactive function that can generate +＠dfn{fake} keyboard events. This way, I could simply map them inside +XEmacs. -Yes, you can, but no you do not need to. In fact, we recommend that you -use a native-GUI version unless you have a specific need for an X -version. +This seems to work: -＠node Q6.0.5, Q6.0.6, Q6.0.4, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.5: I'd like to help out. What do I do? +＠lisp +(defun cg--generate-char-event (ch) + "Generate an event, as if ch has been typed" + (dispatch-event (character-to-event ch))) -It depends on the knowledge and time you possess. If you are a -programmer, try to build XEmacs and see if you can improve it. -Windows-specific improvements like integration with established -Windows environments are especially sought after. +;; Backspace and Delete stuff +(global-set-key [backspace] + (lambda () (interactive) (cg--generate-char-event 127))) +(global-set-key [unknown_keysym_0x4] + (lambda () (interactive) (cg--generate-char-event 4))) +＠end lisp -Otherwise, you can still help by downloading the binaries, using -XEmacs as your everyday editor and reporting bugs you find to the -mailing list. +＠node Q7.1.3, Q7.1.4, Q7.1.2, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.1.3: Could you explain ＠code{read-kbd-macro} in more detail? -Another area where we need help is the documentation: We need good -documentation for building XEmacs and for using it. This FAQ is a -small step in that direction. +The ＠code{read-kbd-macro} function returns the internal Emacs +representation of a human-readable string (which is its argument). +Thus: -＠node Q6.0.6, Q6.0.7, Q6.0.5, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.6: What are Cygwin and MinGW, and do I need them to run XEmacs? +＠lisp +(read-kbd-macro "C-c C-a") +＠result{} [(control ?c) (control ?a)] -To answer the second part of the question: No, you, you don't need -Cygwin or MinGW to build or to run XEmacs. But if you have them and -want to use them, XEmacs supports these environments. +(read-kbd-macro "C-c C-. <up>") +＠result{} [(control ?c) (control ?.) up] +＠end lisp -(One important reason to support Cygwin is that it lets the MS Windows -developers test out their code in a Unix environment without actually -having to have a Unix machine around. For this reason alone, Cygwin -support is likely to remain supported for a long time in XEmacs. Same -goes for the X support under Cygwin, for the same reasons. MinGW -support, on the other hand, depends on volunteers to keep it up to date; -but this is generally not hard.) +In GNU Emacs the same forms will be evaluated to what GNU Emacs +understands internally---the sequences ＠code{"\C-x\C-c"} and ＠code{[3 +67108910 up]}, respectively. -Cygwin is a set of tools providing Unix-like API on top of Win32. -It makes it easy to port large Unix programs without significant -changes to their source code. It is a development environment as well -as a runtime environment. +The exact ＠dfn{human-readable} syntax is defined in the docstring of +＠code{edmacro-mode}. I'll repeat it here, for completeness. -When built with Cygwin, XEmacs supports all display types -- TTY, X & -Win32 GUI, and can be built with support for all three simultaneously. -If you build with Win32 GUI support then the Cygwin version uses the -majority of the Windows-specific code, which is mostly related to -display. If you want to build with X support you need X libraries (and -an X server to display XEmacs on); see ＠ref{Q6.1.4}. TTY and Win32 GUI -require no additional libraries beyond what comes standard with Cygwin. +＠quotation +Format of keyboard macros during editing: -The advantages of the Cygwin version are that it integrates well with -the Cygwin environment for existing Cygwin users; uses configure so -building with different features is very easy; and actively supports X & -TTY. Furthermore, the entire Cygwin environment and compiler are free, -whereas Visual C++ costs money. +Text is divided into ＠dfn{words} separated by whitespace. Except for +the words described below, the characters of each word go directly as +characters of the macro. The whitespace that separates words is +ignored. Whitespace in the macro must be written explicitly, as in +＠kbd{foo ＠key{SPC} bar ＠key{RET}}. -The disadvantage is that it requires the whole Cygwin environment, -whereas the native port requires only a suitable MS Windows compiler. -Also, it follows the Unix filesystem and process model very closely -(some will undoubtedly view this as an advantage). +＠itemize ＠bullet +＠item +The special words ＠kbd{RET}, ＠kbd{SPC}, ＠kbd{TAB}, ＠kbd{DEL}, ＠kbd{LFD}, +＠kbd{ESC}, and ＠kbd{NUL} represent special control characters. The +words must be written in uppercase. -See ＠uref{http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin/} for more information on -Cygwin. +＠item +A word in angle brackets, e.g., ＠code{<return>}, ＠code{<down>}, or +＠code{<f1>}, represents a function key. (Note that in the standard +configuration, the function key ＠code{<return>} and the control key +＠key{RET} are synonymous.) You can use angle brackets on the words +＠key{RET}, ＠key{SPC}, etc., but they are not required there. -MinGW is a collection of header files and import libraries that allow -one to use GCC under the Cygwin environment to compile and produce -exactly the same native Win32 programs that you can using Visual C++. -Programs compiled with MinGW make use of the standard Microsoft runtime -library ＠file{MSVCRT.DLL}, present on all Windows systems, and look, -feel, and act like a standard Visual-C-produced application. (The only -difference is the compiler.) This means that, unlike a -standardly-compiled Cygwin application, no extra runtime support -(e.g. Cygwin's ＠file{cygwin1.dll}) is required. This, along with the -fact that GCC is free (and works in a nice Unix-y way in a nice Unix-y -environment, for those die-hard Unix hackers out there), is the main -advantage of MinGW. It is also potentially faster than Cygwin because -it has less overhead when calling Windows, but you lose the POSIX -emulation layer, which makes Unix programs harder to port. (But this is -irrelevant for XEmacs since it's already ported to Win32.) +＠item +Keys can be written by their ＠sc{ascii} code, using a backslash followed +by up to six octal digits. This is the only way to represent keys with +codes above \377. -See ＠uref{http://www.mingw.org/} for more information on MinGW. +＠item +One or more prefixes ＠kbd{M-} (meta), ＠kbd{C-} (control), ＠kbd{S-} +(shift), ＠kbd{A-} (alt), ＠kbd{H-} (hyper), and ＠kbd{s-} (super) may +precede a character or key notation. For function keys, the prefixes +may go inside or outside of the brackets: ＠code{C-<down>} ＠equiv{} +＠code{<C-down>}. The prefixes may be written in any order: ＠kbd{M-C-x} +＠equiv{} ＠kbd{C-M-x}. -＠node Q6.0.7, Q6.1.1, Q6.0.6, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.0.7: What exactly are all the different ways to build XEmacs under Windows? +Prefixes are not allowed on multi-key words, e.g., ＠kbd{C-abc}, except +that the Meta prefix is allowed on a sequence of digits and optional +minus sign: ＠kbd{M--123} ＠equiv{} ＠kbd{M-- M-1 M-2 M-3}. -XEmacs can be built in several ways in the MS Windows environment. +＠item +The ＠code{^} notation for control characters also works: ＠kbd{^M} +＠equiv{} ＠kbd{C-m}. -The standard way is what we call the "native" port. It uses the Win32 -API and has no connection with X whatsoever -- it does not require X -libraries to build, nor does it require an X server to run. The native -port is the most reliable version and provides the best graphical -support. Almost all development is geared towards this version, and -there is little reason not to use it. +＠item +Double angle brackets enclose command names: ＠code{<<next-line>>} is +shorthand for ＠kbd{M-x next-line ＠key{RET}}. -The second way to build is the Cygwin port. It takes advantage of -Cygnus emulation library under Win32. ＠xref{Q6.0.6}, for more -information. +＠item +Finally, ＠code{REM} or ＠code{;;} causes the rest of the line to be +ignored as a comment. +＠end itemize -A third way is the MinGW port. It uses the Cygwin environment to build -but does not require it at runtime. ＠xref{Q6.0.6}, for more -information. +Any word may be prefixed by a multiplier in the form of a decimal number +and ＠code{*}: ＠code{3*<right>} ＠equiv{} ＠code{<right> <right> <right>}, +and ＠code{10*foo} ＠equiv{} +＠iftex +＠* +＠end iftex +＠code{foofoofoofoofoofoofoofoofoofoo}. -Finally, you might also be able to build the non-Cygwin, non-MinGW "X" -port. This was actually the first version of XEmacs that ran under MS -Windows, and although the code is still in XEmacs, it's essentially -orphaned and it's unlikely it will compile without a lot of work. If -you want an MS Windows versin of XEmacs that supports X, use the Cygwin -version. (The X support there is actively maintained, so that Windows -developers can test the X support in XEmacs.) +Multiple text keys can normally be strung together to form a word, but +you may need to add whitespace if the word would look like one of the +above notations: ＠code{; ; ;} is a keyboard macro with three semicolons, +but ＠code{;;;} is a comment. Likewise, ＠code{\ 1 2 3} is four keys but +＠code{\123} is a single key written in octal, and ＠code{< right >} is +seven keys but ＠code{<right>} is a single function key. When in doubt, +use whitespace. +＠end quotation +＠node Q7.1.4, Q7.1.5, Q7.1.3, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.1.4: What is the performance hit of ＠code{let}? -＠node Q6.1.1, Q6.1.2, Q6.0.7, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsec 6.1: Building XEmacs on MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.1.1: What compiler/libraries do I need to compile XEmacs? +In most cases, not noticeable. Besides, there's no avoiding +＠code{let}---you have to bind your local variables, after all. Some +pose a question whether to nest ＠code{let}s, or use one ＠code{let} per +function. I think because of clarity and maintenance (and possible +future implementation), ＠code{let}-s should be used (nested) in a way to +provide the clearest code. -You need Visual C++ 4.2, 5.0, or 6.0 for the native version. (We have -some beta testers currently trying to compile with VC.NET, aka version -7.0, but we can't yet report complete success.) For the Cygwin and MinGW -versions, you need the Cygwin environment, which comes with GCC, the -compiler used for those versions. ＠xref{Q6.0.6}, for more information -on Cygwin and MinGW. +＠node Q7.1.5, Q7.1.6, Q7.1.4, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.1.5: What is the recommended use of ＠code{setq}? -＠node Q6.1.2, Q6.1.3, Q6.1.1, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.1.2: How do I compile the native port? +＠itemize ＠bullet +＠item Global variables -Please read the file ＠file{nt/README} in the XEmacs distribution, which -contains the full description. +You will typically ＠code{defvar} your global variable to a default +value, and use ＠code{setq} to set it later. -＠node Q6.1.3, Q6.1.4, Q6.1.2, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.1.3: What do I need for Cygwin? +It is never a good practice to ＠code{setq} user variables (like +＠code{case-fold-search}, etc.), as it ignores the user's choice +unconditionally. Note that ＠code{defvar} doesn't change the value of a +variable if it was bound previously. If you wish to change a +user-variable temporarily, use ＠code{let}: -You can find the Cygwin tools and compiler at: +＠lisp +(let ((case-fold-search nil)) + ... ; code with searches that must be case-sensitive + ...) +＠end lisp -＠uref{http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin/} +You will notice the user-variables by their docstrings beginning with an +asterisk (a convention). -Click on the ＠samp{Install now!} link, which will download a file -(a)file{setup.exe}, which you can use to download everything else. (You -will need to pick a mirror site; ＠samp{mirrors.rcn.net} is probably the -best.) You should go ahead and install everything -- you'll get various -ancillary libraries that XEmacs needs or likes, e.g. XPM, PNG, JPEG, -TIFF, etc. +＠item Local variables -If you want to compile under X, you will also need the X libraries; see -(a)ref{Q6.1.6}. +Bind them with ＠code{let}, which will unbind them (or restore their +previous value, if they were bound) after exiting from the ＠code{let} +form. Change the value of local variables with ＠code{setq} or whatever +you like (e.g. ＠code{incf}, ＠code{setf} and such). The ＠code{let} form +can even return one of its local variables. -If you want to compile without X, you will need the ＠file{xpm-nox} -library, which must be specifically selected in the Cygwin netinstaller; -it is not selected by default. The package has had various names. -Currently it is called ＠file{cygXpm-noX4.dll}. +Typical usage: +＠lisp +;; iterate through the elements of the list returned by +;; `hairy-function-that-returns-list' +(let ((l (hairy-function-that-returns-list))) + (while l + ... do something with (car l) ... + (setq l (cdr l)))) +＠end lisp -＠node Q6.1.4, Q6.1.5, Q6.1.3, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.1.4: How do I compile under Cygwin? +Another typical usage includes building a value simply to work with it. -Similar as on Unix; use the usual `configure' and `make' process. -Some problems to watch out for: +＠lisp +;; Build the mode keymap out of the key-translation-alist +(let ((inbox (file-truename (expand-file-name box))) + (i 0)) + ... code dealing with inbox ... + inbox) +＠end lisp -＠itemize ＠bullet -＠item -make sure HOME is set. This controls where you -＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} file comes from; +This piece of code uses the local variable ＠code{inbox}, which becomes +unbound (or regains old value) after exiting the form. The form also +returns the value of ＠code{inbox}, which can be reused, for instance: -＠item -CYGWIN needs to be set to tty for process support to work, e.g. CYGWIN=tty; +＠lisp +(setq foo-processed-inbox + (let .....)) +＠end lisp +＠end itemize -＠item -picking up some other grep or other UNIX-like tools can kill configure; +＠node Q7.1.6, Q7.1.7, Q7.1.5, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.1.6: What is the typical misuse of ＠code{setq}? -＠item -static heap too small, adjust ＠file{src/sheap-adjust.h} to a more positive -number; +A typical misuse is probably ＠code{setq}ing a variable that was meant to +be local. Such a variable will remain bound forever, never to be +garbage-collected. For example, the code doing: -＠item -(Unconfirmed) The Cygwin version doesn't understand -＠file{//machine/path} type paths so you will need to manually mount a -directory of this form under a unix style directory for a build to work -on the directory; +＠lisp +(defun my-function (whatever) + (setq a nil) + ... build a large list ... + ... and exit ...) +＠end lisp -＠item -If you're building ＠strong{WITHOUT} X11, don't forget to change symlinks -(a)file{/usr/lib/libXpm.a} and ＠file{/usr/lib/libXpm.dll.a} to point to -the non-X versions of these libraries. By default they point to the X -versions. So: +does a bad thing, as ＠code{a} will keep consuming memory, never to be +unbound. The correct thing is to do it like this: -＠example -/usr/lib/libXpm.a -> /usr/lib/libXpm-noX.a -/usr/lib/libXpm.dll.a -> /usr/lib/libXpm-noX.dll.a -＠end example +＠lisp +(defun my-function (whatever) + (let (a) ; default initialization is to nil + ... build a large list ... + ... and exit, unbinding `a' in the process ...) +＠end lisp -(This advice may now be obsolete because of the availability of the -cygXpm-noX4.dll package from Cygwin. Send confirmation to -＠email{faq＠(a)xemacs.org}.) +Not only is this prettier syntactically, but it makes it possible for +Emacs to garbage-collect the objects which ＠code{a} used to reference. -＠item -Other problems are listed in the ＠file{PROBLEMS} file, in the top-level -directory of the XEmacs sources. +Note that even global variables should not be ＠code{setq}ed without +＠code{defvar}ing them first, because the byte-compiler issues warnings. +The reason for the warning is the following: -＠end itemize +＠lisp +(defun flurgoze nil) ; ok, global internal variable +... +(setq flurghoze t) ; ops! a typo, but semantically correct. + ; however, the byte-compiler warns. -＠node Q6.1.5, Q6.1.6, Q6.1.4, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.1.5: How do I compile using MinGW (aka ＠samp{the -mno-cygwin flag to gcc})? +While compiling toplevel forms: +** assignment to free variable flurghoze +＠end lisp -Similar to the method for Unix. Things to remember: +＠node Q7.1.7, Q7.1.8, Q7.1.6, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.1.7: I like the ＠code{do} form of cl, does it slow things down? -＠itemize ＠bullet -＠item -Specify the target host on the command line for ＠file{./configure}, e.g. -(a)samp{./configure i586-pc-mingw32}. +It shouldn't. Here is what Dave Gillespie has to say about cl.el +performance: -＠item -Be sure that your build directory is mounted such that it has the -same path either as a cygwin path (＠file{/build/xemacs}) or as a Windows -path (＠file{c:\build\xemacs}). +＠quotation +Many of the advanced features of this package, such as ＠code{defun*}, +＠code{loop}, and ＠code{setf}, are implemented as Lisp macros. In +byte-compiled code, these complex notations will be expanded into +equivalent Lisp code which is simple and efficient. For example, the +forms -＠item -Build ＠samp{gcc -mno-cygwin} versions of the extra libs, i.e. ＠file{libpng}, -＠file{compface}, etc. +＠lisp +(incf i n) +(push x (car p)) +＠end lisp -＠item -Specify the target location of the extra libs on the command line -to ＠file{configure}, e.g. -(a)samp{./configure --site-prefixes=/build/libs i586-pc-mingw32}. -＠end itemize +are expanded at compile-time to the Lisp forms +＠lisp +(setq i (+ i n)) +(setcar p (cons x (car p))) +＠end lisp -＠node Q6.1.6, Q6.1.7, Q6.1.5, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.1.6: I decided to run with X. Where do I get an X server? +which are the most efficient ways of doing these respective operations +in Lisp. Thus, there is no performance penalty for using the more +readable ＠code{incf} and ＠code{push} forms in your compiled code. -As of May 2001, we are recommending that you use the port of XFree86 to -Cygwin. This has recently stabilized, and will undoubtedly soon make -most other MS Windows X servers obsolete. It is what the Windows -developers use to test the MS Windows X support. - -To install, go to ＠uref{http://xfree86.cygwin.com/}. There is a -detailed description on that site of exactly how to install it. This -installation also provides the libraries, include files, and other stuff -needed for development; a large collection of internationalized fonts; -the standard X utilities (xterm, twm, etc.) -- in a word, the works. - -NOTE: As of late May 2001, there is a bug in the file -(a)file{startxwin.bat}, used to start X Windows. It passes the option -＠samp{-engine -4} to the X server, which is bogus -- you need to edit -the file and change it to ＠samp{-engine 4}. - - -＠node Q6.1.7, Q6.2.1, Q6.1.6, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.1.7: How do I compile with X support? - -To compile under Cygwin, all you need to do is install XFree86 -((a)pxref{Q6.1.6}). Once installed, ＠file{configure} should automatically -find the X libraries and compile with X support. +＠emph{Interpreted} code, on the other hand, must expand these macros +every time they are executed. For this reason it is strongly +recommended that code making heavy use of macros be compiled. (The +features labelled ＠dfn{Special Form} instead of ＠dfn{Function} in this +manual are macros.) A loop using ＠code{incf} a hundred times will +execute considerably faster if compiled, and will also garbage-collect +less because the macro expansion will not have to be generated, used, +and thrown away a hundred times. -As noted above, the non-Cygwin X support is basically orphaned, and -probably won't work. But if it want to try, it's described in -＠file{nt/README} in some detail. Basically, you need to get X11 -libraries from ftp.x.org, and compile them. If the precompiled versions -are available somewhere, we don't know of it. +You can find out how a macro expands by using the ＠code{cl-prettyexpand} +function. +＠end quotation +＠node Q7.1.8, Q7.1.9, Q7.1.7, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.1.8: I like recursion, does it slow things down? -＠node Q6.2.1, Q6.2.2, Q6.1.7, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsec 6.2: Customization and User Interface -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.2.1: How does the port cope with differences in the Windows user interface? +Yes. The Emacs byte-compiler cannot do much to optimize recursion. But +think well whether this is a real concern in Emacs. Much of the Emacs +slowness comes from internal mechanisms such as redisplay, or from the +fact that it is an interpreter. -The XEmacs (and Emacs in general) user interface is pretty different -from what is expected of a typical MS Windows program. How does the MS -Windows port cope with it? +Please try not to make your code much uglier to gain a very small speed +gain. It's not usually worth it. -As a general rule, we follow native MS Windows conventions as much as -possible. 21.4 is a fairly complete Windows application, supporting -native printing, system file dialog boxes, tool tips, etc. In cases -where there's a clear UI conflict, we currently use normal Unix XEmacs -behavior by default, but make sure the MS Windows "look and feel" (mark -via shift-arrow, self-inserting deletes region, Alt selects menu items, -etc.) is easily configurable (respectively: using the variable -＠code{shifted-motion-keys-select-region} in 21.4 and above [it's in fact -the default in these versions], or the ＠file{pc-select} package; using -the ＠file{pending-del} package; and setting the variable -＠code{menu-accelerator-enabled} to ＠code{menu-force} in 21.4 and above). -In fact, if you use the sample ＠file{init.el} file as your init file, -you will get all these behaviors automatically turned on. +＠node Q7.1.9, Q7.1.10, Q7.1.8, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.1.9: How do I put a glyph as annotation in a buffer? -In future versions, some of these features might be turned on by -default in the MS Windows environment. +Here is a solution that will insert the glyph annotation at the +beginning of buffer: +＠lisp +(make-annotation (make-glyph '([FORMAT :file FILE] + [string :data "fallback-text"])) + (point-min) + 'text + (current-buffer)) +＠end lisp -＠node Q6.2.2, Q6.2.3, Q6.2.1, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.2.2: How do I change fonts in XEmacs on MS Windows? +Replace ＠samp{FORMAT} with an unquoted symbol representing the format of +the image (e.g. ＠code{xpm}, ＠code{xbm}, ＠code{gif}, ＠code{jpeg}, etc.) +Instead of ＠samp{FILE}, use the image file name +(e.g. +＠iftex +＠* +＠end iftex +(a)file{/usr/local/lib/xemacs-21.4/etc/recycle.xpm}). -In 21.4 and above, you can use the "Options" menu to change the font. -You can also do it in your init file, e.g. like this: +You can turn this to a function (that optionally prompts you for a file +name), and inserts the glyph at ＠code{(point)} instead of +＠code{(point-min)}. -＠display - (set-face-font 'default "Lucida Console:Regular:10") - (set-face-font 'modeline "MS Sans Serif:Regular:10") -＠end display +＠node Q7.1.10, Q7.1.11, Q7.1.9, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.1.10: ＠code{map-extents} won't traverse all of my extents! +I tried to use ＠code{map-extents} to do an operation on all the extents +in a region. However, it seems to quit after processing a random number +of extents. Is it buggy? -＠node Q6.2.3, Q6.2.4, Q6.2.2, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.2.3: Where do I put my ＠file{init.el}/(a)file{.emacs} file? +No. The documentation of ＠code{map-extents} states that it will iterate +across the extents as long as ＠var{function} returns ＠code{nil}. +Unexperienced programmers often forget to return ＠code{nil} explicitly, +which results in buggy code. For instance, the following code is +supposed to delete all the extents in a buffer, and issue as many +＠samp{fubar!} messages. -(a)file{init.el} is the name of the init file starting with 21.4, and is -located in the subdirectory ＠file{.xemacs/} of your home directory. In -prior versions, the init file is called ＠file{.emacs} and is located in -your home directory. Your home directory under Windows is determined by -the ＠samp{HOME} environment variable. If this is not set, it defaults to -＠samp{C:\}. +＠lisp +(map-extents (lambda (ext ignore) + (delete-extent ext) + (message "fubar!"))) +＠end lisp -To set this variable, modify ＠file{AUTOEXEC.BAT} under Windows 95/98, or -select ＠samp{Control Panel->System->Advanced->Environment Variables...} -under Windows NT/2000. +Instead, it will delete only the first extent, and stop right there -- +because ＠code{message} will return a non-nil value. The correct code +is: +＠lisp +(map-extents (lambda (ext ignore) + (delete-extent ext) + (message "fubar!") + nil)) +＠end lisp -＠node Q6.2.4, Q6.2.5, Q6.2.3, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.2.4: How do I get Windows Explorer to associate a file type with XEmacs? +＠node Q7.1.11, Q7.2.1, Q7.1.10, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.1.11: My elisp program is horribly slow. Is there an easy way to find out where it spends time? +＠c New -＠unnumberedsubsubsec Associating a new file type with XEmacs. +＠email{hniksic＠(a)xemacs.org, Hrvoje Niksic} writes: +＠quotation +Under XEmacs 20.4 and later you can use ＠kbd{M-x profile-key-sequence}, +press a key (say ＠key{RET} in the Gnus Group buffer), and get the +results using ＠kbd{M-x profile-results}. It should give you an idea of +where the time is being spent. +＠end quotation -In Explorer select ＠samp{View/Options/File Types}, press ＠samp{[New -Type...]} and fill in the dialog box, e.g.: +＠unnumberedsec 7.2: Mathematics -＠example - Description of type: Emacs Lisp source - Associated extension: el - Content Type (MIME): text/plain -＠end example +＠node Q7.2.1, Q7.2.2, Q7.1.11, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.2.1: What are bignums, ratios, and bigfloats in Lisp? -then press ＠samp{[New...]} and fill in the ＠samp{Action} dialog box as -follows: +Thanks to ＠email{james＠(a)xemacs.org, Jerry James}, XEmacs 21.5.18 and +later can use the capabilities of multiple-precision libraries that may +be available for your platform. The GNU Multiple Precision (GMP) and +BSD Multiple Precision (MP) libraries are partially supported. GMP +gives you ＠dfn{bignums} (arbitrary precision integers), ＠dfn{ratios} +(arbitrary precision fractions), and ＠dfn{bigfloats} (arbitrary +precision floating point numbers). GNU MP is better-supported by XEmacs +at the time of writing (2004-04-06). BSD MP support does not include +ratios or bigfloats, and it throws errors that aren't understood. -＠example - Action: - Open +In most cases, bignum support should be transparent to users and Lisp +programmers. A bignum-enabled XEmacs will automatically convert from +fixnums to bignums and back in pure integer arithmetic, and for GNU MP, +from floats to bigfloats. (Bigfloats must be explicitly coerced to +other types, even if they are exactly representable by less precise +types.) The Lisp reader and printer have been enhanced to handle +bignums, as have the mathematical functions. Rationals (fixnums, +bignums, and ratios) are printed using the ＠samp{%d}, ＠samp{%o}, +＠samp{%x}, and ＠samp{%u} format conversions. The read syntax for ratios +is ＠samp{3/5}. - Application used to perform action: - D:\Full\path\for\xemacs.exe "%1" +User-visible changes in behavior include (in probable order of annoyance) - [x] Use DDE +＠itemize +＠item +Arithmetic can cause a segfault, depending on your MP library +(a)ref{Q7.2.2, XEmacs segfaults when I use very big numbers!}. - DDE Message: - open("%1") +＠item +Terminology is not Common-Lisp-conforming. For example, ``integer'' for +Emacs Lisp means what Common Lisp calls ``fixnum''. This issue is being +investigated, but the use of ``integer'' for fixnum is pervasive and may +cause backward-compatibility and GNU-Emacs-compatibility problems. - Application: - <leave blank> +＠item +Many operations that used to cause a range error now succeed, with +intermediate results and return values coerced to bignums as needed. - DDE Application Not Running: - <leave blank> +＠item +An atom with ratio read syntax now returns a number, not a symbol. - Topic: - <leave blank> -＠end example +＠item +The ＠samp{%u} format conversion will now give an error if its argument +is negative. (Without MP, it prints a number which Lisp can't read.) +＠end itemize -＠unnumberedsubsubsec Associating an existing file type with XEmacs. +＠emph{Surgeon General's Warning}: The automatic conversions cannot be +disabled at runtime. New functions have been added which produce +ratios, so there should be few surprises with type conflicts, but they +can't be ruled out. ``Arbitrary'' precision means precisely what it +says. If you work with extremely large numbers, your machine may +arbitrarily decide to hand you an unpleasant surprise rather than a +bignum ＠ref{Q7.2.2, XEmacs segfaults when I use very big numbers!}. + +To configure with GNU MP, add ＠samp{--use-number-lib=gmp} +(＠samp{--enable-bignum=gmp} in 21.5 or later) to your invocation of +＠file{configure}. For BSD MP, use ＠samp{--use-number-lib=mp} +(＠samp{--enable-bignum=mp} for 21.5). + +If you would like to help with bignum support, especially on BSD MP, +please subscribe to the ＠uref{http://www.xemacs.org/Lists/#xemacs-beta, +XEmacs Beta mailing list}, and book up on ＠file{number-gmp.h} and +(a)file{number-mp.h}. Jerry has promised to write internals documentation +eventually, but if your skills run more to analysis and documentation +than to writing new code, feel free to fill in the gap! + + +＠node Q7.2.2, Q7.2.3, Q7.2.1, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.2.2: XEmacs segfaults when I use very big numbers! + +GMP by default allocates temporaries on the stack. If you run out of +stack space, you're dead; there is no way that we know of to reliably +detect this condition, because ＠samp{alloca} is typically implemented to +be ＠emph{fast} rather than robust. If you just need a little more +oomph, use a bigger stack (＠emph{e.g.}, the ＠file{ulimit -s} command in +bash(1)). If you want robustness at the cost of speed, configure GMP +with ＠samp{--disable-alloca} and rebuild the GMP library. + +We do not know whether BSD MP uses ＠samp{alloca} or not. Please send +any information you have as a bug report (＠kbd{M-x report-xemacs-bug +＠key{RET}}), which will give us platform information. (We do know that +BSD MP implementations vary across vendors, but how much, we do not know +yet.) + + +＠node Q7.2.3, Q7.2.4, Q7.2.2, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.2.3: Bignums are really slow! + +Many Linux distributions compile all their packages for the i386, and +this is costly. An optimized version can give you two or three orders +of magnitude better performance for a Pentium III or IV. (Yes, really. +See ＠uref{http://www.swox.com/gmp/gmp-speed.html}.) + + +＠node Q7.2.4, , Q7.2.3, Advanced +＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.2.4: Equal bignums don't compare as equal! What gives? + +Ah, Grasshopper, I see you are using ＠code{(eq x y)}. The Bodhisattva +CLTL2 warned of the illusion that equal numbers would be ＠samp{eq}! +Meditate on the deeper truths of ＠samp{eql}, in which numbers of the same +type which have equal values compare equal, and ＠samp{=}, which does any +necessary type coercions before comparing for equality. + +Yeah, yeah, it has always worked for integer types, because fixnums and +characters have an immediate representation. Sorry about that; +arbitrary precision obviously requires consing new objects because the +objects are ``large'' and of variable size, and the definition of +＠samp{eq} does not permit different objects to compare as equal. + +＠node Other Packages, Current Events, Advanced, Top +＠unnumbered 8 Other External Packages + +This is part 8 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This +section is devoted to miscellaneous external packages not covered +elsewhere in XEmacs. -In Explorer select ＠samp{View/Options/File Types}. Click on the file -type in the list and press ＠samp{[Edit...]}. If the file type already -has an ＠samp{Open} action, double click on it and fill in the -＠samp{Action} dialog box as described above; otherwise create a new -action. +＠menu +8.0: TeX +* Q8.0.1:: Is there something better than LaTeX mode? +* Q8.0.2:: What is AUCTeX? Where do you get it? +* Q8.0.3:: Problems installing AUCTeX. +* Q8.0.4:: How do I turn off current chapter from AUCTeX modeline? + +8.1: Other Unbundled Packages +* Q8.1.1:: Is there a reason for an Emacs package not to be included in XEmacs? +* Q8.1.2:: Are there any Emacs Lisp Spreadsheets? +* Q8.1.3:: Is there a MatLab mode? + +8.2: Environments Built Around XEmacs +* Q8.2.1:: What are SPARCworks, EOS, and WorkShop? +* Q8.2.2:: How do I start the Sun Workshop support in XEmacs 21? +* Q8.2.3:: What is/was Energize? +* Q8.2.4:: What is Infodock? +＠end menu -If the file type has more than one action listed, you probably want to -make the ＠samp{Open} action that you just edited the default by clicking on -it and pressing ＠samp{Set Default}. +＠unnumberedsec 8.0: TeX -Note for Windows 2000 users: Under Windows 2000, get to ＠samp{File Types} -using ＠samp{Control Panel->Folder Options->File Types}. +＠node Q8.0.1, Q8.0.2, Other Packages, Other Packages +＠unnumberedsubsec Q8.0.1: Is there something better than LaTeX mode? +＠email{dak＠(a)fsnif.neuroinformatik.ruhr-uni-bochum.de, David Kastrup} writes: -＠node Q6.2.5, Q6.3.1, Q6.2.4, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.2.5: Is it possible to print from XEmacs? +＠quotation +The standard TeX modes leave much to be desired, and are somewhat +leniently maintained. Serious TeX users use AUCTeX (＠pxref{Q8.0.2, +What is AUCTeX? Where do you get it?}). +＠end quotation -As of 21.4, printing works on Windows, using simply ＠samp{File->Print}, -and can be configured with ＠samp{File->Page Setup}. +＠node Q8.0.2, Q8.0.3, Q8.0.1, Other Packages +＠unnumberedsubsec Q8.0.2: What is AUCTeX? Where do you get it? -Prior to 21.4, there is no built-in support, but there are some clever -hacks out there. If you know how, please let us know and we'll put it -here. +AUCTeX is a complex and sophisticated editing package dedicated to TeX +and related text formatting languages, including LaTeX and Texinfo. +It provides support for running TeX on a file or part of a file, +include files, and of course shortcuts for entering common TeX macros, +LaTeX environments, etc, and for fontlock. + +AUCTeX is a standard package provided by XEmacs. You can get it as +usual through the ＠kbd{M-x list-packages} interface. It is also +included in the (non-Mule) SUMO package. The AUCTeX XEmacs package is +maintained by Uwe Brauer <GET MAIL ADDRESS>. + +AUCTeX is extremely complicated, and its developers primarily +use GNU Emacs. Not all features of the bleeding edge version +of AUCTeX are immediately ported to XEmacs; if you need +these, you may be better off getting the most recent versions +from the GNU AUCTeX project on ＠uref{http://savannah.gnu.org}. + +＠node Q8.0.3, Q8.0.4, Q8.0.2, Other Packages +＠unnumberedsubsec Q8.0.3: Problems installing AUCTeX. +＠email{vroonhof＠(a)math.ethz.ch, Jan Vroonhof} writes: -＠node Q6.3.1, Q6.3.2, Q6.2.5, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsec 6.3: Miscellaneous -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.3.1: Does XEmacs rename all the ＠samp{win32-*} symbols to ＠samp{w32-*}? +＠quotation +AUCTeX works fine on both stock Emacs and XEmacs has been doing so for +a very very long time. This is mostly due to the work of +＠email{abraham＠(a)dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen} (clap clap) in particular his ＠file{easymenu} +package. Which leads to what is probably the problem... +＠end quotation -In his flavor of Emacs 20, Richard Stallman has renamed all the ＠samp{win32-*} -symbols to ＠samp{w32-*}. Does XEmacs do the same? +Most problems with AUCTeX are one of two things: -We consider such a move counter-productive, thus we do not use the -＠samp{w32} prefix. (His rather questionable justification was that he -did not consider Windows to be a "winning" platform.) However, the name -＠samp{Win32} is not particularly descriptive outside the Windows world, -and using just ＠samp{windows-} would be too generic. So we chose a -compromise, the prefix ＠samp{mswindows-} for Windows-related variables -and functions. +＠itemize ＠bullet +＠item +The TeX-lisp-directory in ＠file{tex-site.el} and the makefile don't +match. -Thus all the XEmacs variables and functions directly related to either -the Windows GUI or OS are prefixed ＠samp{mswindows-} (except for a -couple of debugging variables, prefixed ＠samp{debug-mswindows-}). From -an architectural perspective, however, we believe that this is mostly a -non-issue because there should be a very small number of -window-systems-specific variables anyway. Whenever possible, we try to -provide generic interfaces that apply to all window systems. +Fix: make sure you configure AUCTeX properly ＠strong{before} installing. -＠c not true: -＠c The user variables -＠c that share functionality with existing NT Emacs variables are be named -＠c with our convention, but we provide the GNU Emacs names as -＠c compatibility aliases. +＠item +You have an old version of easymenu.el in your path. +Fix: use ＠code{locate-library} and remove old versions to make sure it +＠strong{only} finds the one that came with XEmacs. +＠end itemize -＠node Q6.3.2, Q6.3.3, Q6.3.1, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.3.2: What are the differences between the various MS Windows emacsen? +＠node Q8.0.4, Q8.1.1, Q8.0.3, Other Packages +＠unnumberedsubsec Q8.0.4: How do I turn off current chapter from AUCTeX modeline? -XEmacs, Win-Emacs, DOS Emacs, NT Emacs, this is all very confusing. -Could you briefly explain the differences between them? +With AUCTeX, fast typing is hard because the current chapter, section +etc. are given in the modeline. How can I turn this off? -Here is a recount of various Emacs versions running on MS Windows: +It's not AUCTeX, it comes from ＠code{func-menu} in ＠file{func-menu.el}. -＠itemize ＠bullet +＠c Add this code to your ＠file{init.el} to turn it off: +＠c +＠c ＠lisp +＠c (setq fume-display-in-modeline-p nil) +＠c ＠end lisp +＠c +＠c Or just add a hook to ＠code{TeX-mode-hook} to turn it off only for TeX +＠c mode: +＠c +＠c ＠lisp +＠c (add-hook 'TeX-mode-hook +＠c '(lambda () (setq fume-display-in-modeline-p nil))) +＠c ＠end lisp +＠c +＠email{dhughes＠(a)origin-at.co.uk, David Hughes} writes: -＠item -XEmacs +＠quotation +Try this; you'll still get the function name displayed in the modeline, +but it won't attempt to keep track when you modify the file. To refresh +when it gets out of synch, you simply need click on the ＠samp{Rescan +Buffer} option in the function-menu. -＠itemize ＠minus +＠lisp +(setq-default fume-auto-rescan-buffer-p nil) +＠end lisp +＠end quotation -＠item -Beginning with XEmacs 19.12, XEmacs' architecture was redesigned -in such a way to allow clean support of multiple window systems. At -this time the TTY support was added, making X and TTY the first two -"window systems" supported by XEmacs. The 19.12 design is the basis for -the current native MS Windows code. +＠unnumberedsec 8.1: Other Unbundled Packages -＠item -Some time during 1997, David Hobley (soon joined by Marc Paquette) -imported some of the NT-specific portions of GNU Emacs, making XEmacs -with X support compile under Windows NT, and creating the "X" port. +＠node Q8.1.1, Q8.1.2, Q8.0.4, Other Packages +＠unnumberedsubsec Q8.1.1: Is there a reason for an Emacs package not to be included in XEmacs? -＠item -Several months later, Jonathan Harris sent out initial patches to use -the Win32 API, thus creating the native port. Since then, various -people have contributed, including Kirill M. Katsnelson (contributed -support for menubars, subprocesses and network, as well as loads of -other code), Andy Piper (ported XEmacs to Cygwin environment, -contributed Windows unexec, Windows-specific glyphs and toolbars code, -and more), Ben Wing (loads of improvements; primary MS Windows developer -since 2000), Jeff Sparkes (contributed scrollbars support) and many -others. -＠end itemize +The reason for an Emacs package not to be included in XEmacs is +usually one or more of the following: + +＠enumerate +＠item +The package has not been ported to XEmacs. This will typically happen +when it uses GNU-Emacs-specific features, which make it fail under +XEmacs. + +Porting a package to XEmacs can range from a trivial amount of change to +a partial or full rewrite. Fortunately, the authors of modern packages +usually choose to support both Emacsen themselves. ＠item -NT Emacs +The package has been decided not to be appropriate for XEmacs. It may +have an equivalent or better replacement within XEmacs, in which case +the developers may choose not to burden themselves with supporting an +additional package. -＠itemize ＠minus +Each package bundled with XEmacs means more work for the maintainers, +whether they want it or not. If you are ready to take over the +maintenance responsibilities for the package you port, be sure to say +so---we will more likely include it. ＠item -NT Emacs is a version of GNU Emacs modified to compile and run under MS -Windows 95 and NT using the native Win32 API. As such, it is close in -spirit to the XEmacs "native" port. +The package simply hasn't been noted by the XEmacs development. If +that's the case, the messages like yours are very useful for attracting +our attention. ＠item -NT Emacs has been written by Geoff Voelker, and more information can be -found at +The package was noted by the developers, but they simply haven't yet +gotten around to including/porting it. Wait for the next release or, +even better, offer your help. It will be gladly accepted and +appreciated. +＠end enumerate + +＠node Q8.1.2, Q8.1.3, Q8.1.1, Other Packages +＠unnumberedsubsec Q8.1.2: Are there any Emacs Lisp Spreadsheets? + +Yes. Check out ＠dfn{dismal} (which stands for Dis' Mode Ain't Lotus) at ＠iftex ＠* ＠end iftex -＠uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}. -＠end itemize +＠uref{http://acs.ist.psu.edu/dismal/dismal.html}. -＠item -Win-Emacs +＠node Q8.1.3, Q8.2.1, Q8.1.2, Other Packages +＠unnumberedsubsec Q8.1.3: Is there a MatLab mode? -＠itemize ＠minus +Yes, a matlab mode and other items are available at the +＠uref{http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/files/104/matlab.el}. -＠item -Win-Emacs was a port of Lucid Emacs 19.6 to MS Windows using X -compatibility libraries. Win-Emacs was written by Ben Wing. The MS -Windows code never made it back to Lucid Emacs, and its creator (Pearl -Software) has long since gone out of business. -＠end itemize +＠unnumberedsec 8.2: Environments Built Around XEmacs -＠item -GNU Emacs for DOS +＠node Q8.2.1, Q8.2.2, Q8.1.3, Other Packages +＠unnumberedsubsec Q8.2.1: What are SPARCworks, EOS, and WorkShop? -＠itemize ＠minus +SPARCworks was a development environment from Sun (circa 1993-1996) +and consisted of compilers (C, C++, FORTRAN 77, Fortran 90, Ada, and +Pascal), a debugger, and other tools such as TeamWare (for +configuration management), MakeTool, etc. -＠item -GNU Emacs features support for MS-DOS and DJGPP (D.J. Delorie's DOS -port of GCC). Such an Emacs is heavily underfeatured, because it does -not support long file names, lacks proper subprocesses support, and -is far too big compared with typical DOS editors. -＠end itemize +EOS is the integration of XEmacs with the SPARCworks debugger. It +allows one to use an XEmacs frame to view code (complete with +fontification, etc.), set breakpoints, print variables, etc., while +using the SPARCworks debugger. -＠item -GNU Emacs compiled with Win32 +EOS stands for "Era on SPARCworks"; Era stood for "Emacs Rewritten +Again" and was the name used by Sun for its modified version of Lucid +Emacs (later XEmacs) in the early-mid 90's. This is documented in +more detail in the history section of the XEmacs About page. + +EOS was replaced around 1996 with a newer graphical development +environment called Sun WorkShop. The current status of this is +unknown. -＠itemize ＠minus +＠node Q8.2.2, Q8.2.3, Q8.2.1, Other Packages +＠unnumberedsubsec Q8.2.2: How do I start the Sun Workshop support in XEmacs 21? -＠item -Starting with version 19.30, it has been possible to compile GNU Emacs -under MS Windows using the DJGPP compiler and X libraries. The result -is very similar to GNU Emacs compiled under MS DOS, only it works -somewhat better because it runs in 32-bit mode, makes use of all the -system memory, supports long file names, etc. -＠end itemize +Add the switch ---with-workshop to the configure command when building +XEmacs and put the following in one of your startup files +(e.g. site-start.el or .emacs): -＠end itemize +＠lisp +(when (featurep 'tooltalk) + (load "tooltalk-macros") + (load "tooltalk-util") + (load "tooltalk-init")) +(when (featurep 'sparcworks) + (load "sunpro-init") + (load "ring") + (load "comint") + (load "annotations") + (sunpro-startup)) +＠end lisp +If you are not using the latest Workshop (5.0) you have to apply the +following patch: -＠node Q6.3.3, Q6.3.4, Q6.3.2, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.3.3: XEmacs 21.1 on Windows used to spawn an ugly console window on every startup. Has that been fixed? +＠format +--- /opt/SUNWspro/lib/eserve.el.ORIG Fri May 14 15:23:26 1999 ++++ /opt/SUNWspro/lib/eserve.el Fri May 14 15:24:54 1999 +＠＠＠＠ -42,7 +42,7 ＠＠＠＠ + (defvar running-xemacs nil "t if we're running XEmacs") + (defvar running-emacs nil "t if we're running GNU Emacs 19") -Yes. +-(if (string-match "^\\(19\\|20\\)\..*\\(XEmacs\\|Lucid\\)" emacs-version) ++(if (string-match "\\(XEmacs\\|Lucid\\)" emacs-version) + (setq running-xemacs t) + (setq running-emacs t)) +＠end format -The console was there because ＠file{temacs} (and in turn, ＠file{xemacs}) -was a console application, and Windows typically creates a new -console for a console process unless the creating process requests that -one isn't created. This used to be fixed with ＠file{runemacs}, a small -Windows application that existed merely to start ＠file{xemacs}, stating -that it didn't want a console. +＠node Q8.2.3, Q8.2.4, Q8.2.2, Other Packages +＠unnumberedsubsec Q8.2.3: What is/was Energize? -XEmacs 21.4 fixes this cleanly by the virtue of being a true "GUI" -application. The explanation of what that means is included for -educational value. +The "Energize Programming System" was a C and C++ development environment +sold by Lucid, Inc. It was the reason why Lucid Emacs, now XEmacs, was +created in the first place. Unfortunately, Lucid went out of business in +1994. The rights to sell it in Japan were purchased by INS +Engineering (which briefly employed Stig Hackvan aka Jonathan +Stigelman to work on Japanese support for XEmacs, in late 1994 and +early 1995) and Tartan bought the rights to sell it in the rest of the +world. However, INS is not selling Energize at this point and may or +may not have ever done so; Tartan certainly never did. -When building an application to be run in a Win32 environment, you must -state which sub-system it is to run in. Valid subsystems include -"console" and "gui". The subsystem you use affects the run time -libraries linked into your application, the start up function that is -run before control is handed over to your application, the entry point -to your program, and how Windows normally invokes your program. (Console -programs automatically get a console created for them at startup if -their stdin/stdout don't point anywhere useful, which is the case when -run from the GUI. This is a stupid design, of course -- instead, the -console should get created only when the first I/O actually occurs! -GUI programs have an equally stupid design: When called from -＠file{CMD.EXE}/(a)file{COMMAND.COM}, their stdin/stdout will be set to -point nowhere useful, even though the command shell has its own -stdin/stdout. It's as if someone who had learned a bit about stdio but -had no actual knowledge of interprocess communication designed the -scheme; unfortunately, the whole process-communication aspect of the -Win32 API is equally badly designed.) For example, the entry point for a -console app is "main" (which is what you'd expect for a C/C++ program), -but the entry point for a "gui" app is "WinMain". This confuses and -annoys a lot of programmers who've grown up on Unix systems, where the -kernel doesn't really care whether your application is a gui program or -not. +＠node Q8.2.4, , Q8.2.3, Other Packages +＠unnumberedsubsec Q8.2.4: What is Infodock? -For reasons not altogether clear, and are lost in the mists of time and -tradition, XEmacs on Win32 started out as a console application, and -therefore a console was automatically created for it. (It may have been -made a console application partly because a console is needed in some -circumstances, especially under Win95, to interrupt, terminate, or send -signals to a child process, and because of the bogosity mentioned above -with GUI programs and the standard command shell. Currently, XEmacs -just creates and immediately hides a console when necessary, and -works around the "no useful stdio" problem by creating its own console -window as necessary to display messages in.) +＠uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/infodock/, InfoDock} is an +integrated productivity toolset, mainly aimed at technical people, +hosted at SourceForge. +InfoDock is built atop the XEmacs variant of GNU Emacs and so has all of +the power of Emacs, but with an easier to use and more comprehensive +menu-based user interface. The bottom portion of this text describes +how it differs from XEmacs and GNU Emacs from the Free Software +Foundation. -＠node Q6.3.4, Q6.4.1, Q6.3.3, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.3.4: What is the porting team doing at the moment? +InfoDock is aimed at people who want a free, turn-key productivity +environment. Although InfoDock is customizable, it is not intended for +people who like basic versions of Emacs which need to be customized +extensively for local use; standard Emacs distributions are better for +such uses. InfoDock is for those people who want a complete, +pre-customized environment in one package, which they need not touch +more than once or twice a year to update to new revisions. -(as of June 2001) +InfoDock is pre-built for SPARC SunOS/Solaris systems, PA-RISC HP-UX, +and Intel Linux systems. It is intended for use on a color display, +although most features will work on monochrome monitors. Simply unpack +InfoDock according to the instructions in the ID-INSTALL file and you +are ready to run. -The porting team is continuing work on the MS Windows-specific code. -Major projects are the development of Mule (internationalization) -support for Windows and the improvement of the widget support (better -support for dialog boxes, buttons, edit fields, and similar UI -elements). +The InfoDock Manual is concise, yet sufficient as a user guide for users +who have never used an Emacs-type editor before. For users who are +already familiar with Emacs, it supplements the information in the GNU +Emacs Manual. +InfoDock menus are much more extensive and more mature than standard +Emacs menus. Each menu offers a ＠samp{Manual} item which displays +documentation associated with the menu's functions. +＠noindent +Four types of menubars are provided: +＠enumerate +＠item +An extensive menubar providing access to global InfoDock commands. +＠item +Mode-specific menubars tailored to the current major mode. +＠item +A simple menubar for basic editing to help novices get started with InfoDock. +＠item +The standard XEmacs menubar. +＠end enumerate -＠node Q6.4.1, Q6.4.2, Q6.3.4, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsec 6.3: Troubleshooting -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.4.1 XEmacs won't start on Windows. +Most modes also include mode-specific popup menus. Additionally, region and +rectangle popup menus are included. -XEmacs relies on a process called "dumping" to generate a working -executable. Under MS-Windows this process effectively fixes the memory -addresses of information in the executable. When XEmacs starts up it tries -to reserve these memory addresses so that the dumping process can be -reversed -- putting the information back at the correct addresses. -Unfortunately some .DLLs (for instance the soundblaster driver) occupy -memory addresses that can conflict with those needed by the dumped XEmacs -executable. In this instance XEmacs will fail to start without any -explanation. Note that this is extremely machine specific. +＠samp{Hyperbole}, the everyday information manager, is a core part of +InfoDock. This provides context-sensitive mouse keys, a rolodex-type +contact manager, programmable hypertext buttons, and an autonumbered +outliner with embedded hyperlink anchors. -21.1.10 includes a fix for this that makes more intelligent guesses -about which memory addresses will be free, and this should cure the -problem for most people. 21.4 implements "portable dumping", which -eliminates the problem altogether. We recommend you use the 21.4 -binaries, but you can use the 21.1 binaries if you are very paranoid -about stability. ＠xref{Q6.0.3}. +The ＠samp{OO-Browser}, a multi-language object-oriented code browser, is a +standard part of InfoDock. -＠node Q6.4.2, Q6.4.3, Q6.4.1, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.4.2 Why do I get a blank toolbar on Windows 95? +InfoDock saves a more extensive set of user options than other Emacs +versions. -You need at least version 4.71 of the system file ＠file{comctl32.dll}. -The updated version is supplied with Internet Explorer 4 and later but if -you are avoiding IE you can also download it from the Microsoft web -site. Go into support and search for ＠file{comctl32.dll}. The download -is a self-installing executable. +InfoDock inserts a useful file header in many file types, showing the +author, summary, and last modification time of each file. A summary +program can then be used to summarize all of the files in a directory, +for easy MANIFEST file creation. -＠node Q6.4.3, , Q6.4.2, MS Windows -＠unnumberedsubsec Q6.4.3 XEmacs complains "No such file or directory, diff" +Your working set of buffers is automatically saved and restored (if you +answer yes to a prompt) between InfoDock sessions. -or "ispell" or other commands that seem related to whatever you just -tried to do (M-x ediff or M-$, for example). +Refined color choices for code highlighting are provided for both dark and +light background display frames. -There are a large number of common (in the sense that "everyone has -these, they really do") Unix utilities that are not provided with -XEmacs. The GNU Project's implementations are available for Windows in -the the Cygwin distribution (＠uref{http://www.cygwin.com/}), which also -provides a complete Unix emulation environment (and thus makes ports of -Unix utilities nearly trivial). Another implementation is that from -MinGW (＠uref{http://www.mingw.org/msys.shtml}). If you know of others, -please let us know! +The ＠kbd{C-z} key prefix performs frame-based commands which parallel the +＠kbd{C-x} key prefix for window-based commands. +The Smart Menu system is included for producing command menus on dumb +terminals. +Lisp libraries are better categorized according to function. -＠node Current Events, Legacy Versions, MS Windows, Top -＠unnumbered 7 What the Future Holds +Extensions and improvements to many areas of Emacs are included, such as: +paragraph filling, mail reading with Rmail, shell handling, outlining, code +highlighting and browsing, and man page browsing. -This is part 7 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This +InfoDock questions, answers and discussion should go to the mail list +＠iftex +＠* +＠end iftex +＠email{infodock＠(a)infodock.com}. Use +＠email{infodock-request＠(a)infodock.com} to be added or removed from the +list. Always include your InfoDock version number when sending help +requests. + +＠node Current Events, Legacy Versions, Other Packages, Top +＠unnumbered 9 What the Future Holds + +This is part 9 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. This section will change frequently, and (in theory) should contain any interesting items that have transpired recently. (But in practice it's not getting updated like this.) ＠＠ -6942,24 +8244,25 ＠＠ Information on older versions of XEmacs can be find in ＠file{ONEWS} in the same directory, or ＠file{OONEWS} for really old versions. - ＠menu -* Q7.0.1:: What new features will be in XEmacs soon? -* Q7.0.2:: What's new in XEmacs 21.4? -* Q7.0.3:: What's new in XEmacs 21.1? -* Q7.0.4:: What's new in XEmacs 20.4? -* Q7.0.5:: What's new in XEmacs 20.3? -* Q7.0.6:: What's new in XEmacs 20.2? +9.0: Changes +* Q9.0.1:: What new features will be in XEmacs soon? +* Q9.0.2:: What's new in XEmacs 21.4? +* Q9.0.3:: What's new in XEmacs 21.1? +* Q9.0.4:: What's new in XEmacs 20.4? +* Q9.0.5:: What's new in XEmacs 20.3? +* Q9.0.6:: What's new in XEmacs 20.2? ＠end menu -＠node Q7.0.1, Q7.0.2, Current Events, Current Events -＠unnumberedsec 7.0: Changes -＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.0.1: What new features will be in XEmacs soon? +＠unnumberedsec 9.0: Changes -Not yet written. +＠node Q9.0.1, Q9.0.2, Current Events, Current Events +＠unnumberedsubsec Q9.0.1: What new features will be in XEmacs soon? + +#### Write me. -＠node Q7.0.2, Q7.0.3, Q7.0.1, Current Events -＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.0.2: What's new in XEmacs 21.4? +＠node Q9.0.2, Q9.0.3, Q9.0.1, Current Events +＠unnumberedsubsec Q9.0.2: What's new in XEmacs 21.4? 21.4 was the "stable" version of the 21.2 series, which was considered "experimental" throughout its life; thus there were no "official" ＠＠ -7004,7 +8307,11 ＠＠ Default menubar improvements. (Default menubar has many new commands and better organization. The font-menu is now available under MS Windows.) ＠item -Dialog box improvements, including a real file dialog box. (XEmacs now has a proper file dialog box under MS Windows (and GTK)! The old clunky file dialog box is improved. Keyboard traversal now works correctly in MS Windows dialog boxes. There is a Search dialog box available from Edit->Find...) +Dialog box improvements, including a real file dialog box. (XEmacs now +has a proper file dialog box under MS Windows (and GTK)! The old +clunky file dialog box is improved. Keyboard traversal now works +correctly in MS Windows dialog boxes. There is a Search dialog box +available from ＠samp{Edit->Find...}) ＠item New buffer tabs. ＠item ＠＠ -7076,11 +8383,11 ＠＠ ＠c ＠itemize ＠bullet ＠c ＠end itemize -＠node Q7.0.3, Q7.0.4, Q7.0.2, Current Events -＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.0.3: What's new in XEmacs 21.1? +＠node Q9.0.3, Q9.0.4, Q9.0.2, Current Events +＠unnumberedsubsec Q9.0.3: What's new in XEmacs 21.1? 21.1 was the "stable" version of "experimental" 21.0 series. -(a)xref{Q7.0.2}. +(a)xref{Q9.0.2, What's new in XEmacs 21.4?}. The following lists summarizes the essential changes made in this version. For a fuller list, see the ＠file{NEWS} in the ＠file{etc} ＠＠ -7092,9 +8399,10 ＠＠ ＠itemize ＠bullet ＠item -XEmacs is now supported under Microsoft Windows 95/98 and Windows NT -operating systems. To discuss Windows-specific issues, subscribe to the -mailing list at ＠email{xemacs-nt-request＠(a)xemacs.org}. +XEmacs is now supported under Microsoft Windows 95/98 and Windows +NT/2000/XP operating systems. To discuss Windows-specific issues, +subscribe to the mailing list at +＠email{xemacs-winnt-request＠(a)xemacs.org}. ＠item XEmacs has been unbundled into constituent installable packages. ＠＠ -7214,14 +8522,14 ＠＠ ＠end itemize -＠node Q7.0.4, Q7.0.5, Q7.0.3, Current Events -＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.0.4: What's new in XEmacs 20.4? +＠node Q9.0.4, Q9.0.5, Q9.0.3, Current Events +＠unnumberedsubsec Q9.0.4: What's new in XEmacs 20.4? XEmacs 20.4 is a bugfix release with no user-visible changes. ＠c Filled in from NEWS file of 20.5-b33 -＠node Q7.0.5, Q7.0.6, Q7.0.4, Current Events -＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.0.5: What's new in XEmacs 20.3? +＠node Q9.0.5, Q9.0.6, Q9.0.4, Current Events +＠unnumberedsubsec Q9.0.5: What's new in XEmacs 20.3? XEmacs 20.3 was released in November 1997. It contains many bugfixes, and a number of new features, including Autoconf 2 based configuration, ＠＠ -7240,8 +8548,8 ＠＠ XEmacs 20.3 is the first non-beta v20 release, and will be the basis for all further development. -＠node Q7.0.6, , Q7.0.5, Current Events -＠unnumberedsubsec Q7.0.6: What's new in XEmacs 20.2? +＠node Q9.0.6, , Q9.0.5, Current Events +＠unnumberedsubsec Q9.0.6: What's new in XEmacs 20.2? The biggest changes in 20.2 include integration of EFS (the next generation of ange-ftp) and AUC Tex (the Emacs subsystem that includes a ＠＠ -7256,25 +8564,26 ＠＠ For older news, see the file ＠file{ONEWS} in the ＠file{etc} directory of the XEmacs distribution. +＠node Legacy Versions, , Current Events, Top +＠unnumbered 10 New information about old XEmacsen - -＠node Legacy Versions, , Current Events, Top -＠unnumbered 8 New information about old XEmacsen - -This is part 8 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. It will +This is part 10 of the XEmacs Frequently Asked Questions list. It will occasionally be updated to reflect new information about versions which are no longer being revised by the XEmacs Project. The primary purpose is advice on compatibility of older XEmacsen with new packages and updated versions of packages, but bug fixes (which will not be applied to released XEmacsen, but users can apply themselves) are also accepted. - ＠menu -* Q8.0.1:: Gnus 5.10 won't display smileys in XEmacs 21.1. +10.0: XEmacs 21.1 +* Q10.0.1:: Gnus 5.10 won't display smileys in XEmacs 21.1. +* Q10.0.2:: XEmacs won't start on Windows in XEmacs 21.1. ＠end menu + +＠unnumberedsec 10.0: XEmacs 21.1 -＠node Q8.0.1, , , Legacy Versions -＠unnumberedsubsec Q8.0.1: Gnus 5.10 won't display smileys in XEmacs 21.1. +＠node Q10.0.1, Q10.0.2, Legacy Versions, Legacy Versions +＠unnumberedsubsec Q10.0.1: Gnus 5.10 won't display smileys in XEmacs 21.1. ＠email{eeide＠(a)cs.utah.edu, Eric Eide} wrote: ＠＠ -7311,5 +8620,24 ＠＠ branch, praise be. ＠end quotation +＠node Q10.0.2, , Q10.0.1, Legacy Versions +＠unnumberedsubsec Q10.0.2: XEmacs won't start on Windows in XEmacs 21.1. + +XEmacs relies on a process called "dumping" to generate a working +executable. Under MS-Windows this process effectively fixes the memory +addresses of information in the executable. When XEmacs starts up it tries +to reserve these memory addresses so that the dumping process can be +reversed -- putting the information back at the correct addresses. +Unfortunately some .DLLs (for instance the soundblaster driver) occupy +memory addresses that can conflict with those needed by the dumped XEmacs +executable. In this instance XEmacs will fail to start without any +explanation. Note that this is extremely machine specific. + +21.1.10 includes a fix for this that makes more intelligent guesses +about which memory addresses will be free, and this should cure the +problem for most people. 21.4 implements "portable dumping", which +eliminates the problem altogether. We recommend you use the 21.4 +binaries, but you can use the 21.1 binaries if you are very paranoid +about stability. ＠xref{Q1.1.2, Are binaries available?}. ＠bye